Indoor swimming pool
An indoor swimming pool or swimming pool is an indoor swimming pool .
Indoor swimming pools are divided into public and private swimming pools. Hotel swimming pools and therapy pools are special forms of public swimming pools. A fee is normally charged for the use of public facilities, although this is not cost-covering for most municipal pools.
Furnishing
Public indoor swimming pools generally consist of the following room groups:
- Swimming pool with one or more swimming pools (e.g. swimmers 'and non-swimmers' pools, occasionally also a diving pool) and the pool surrounds
- Technology (especially water treatment ) and technical ancillary rooms
- Adjoining rooms for the bathing guest (e.g. foyer, changing rooms, toilets, showers, often also catering facilities )
- Adjoining rooms for staff (such as staff changing rooms)
Some indoor pools are also set up as adventure or wellness facilities with saunas , steam baths , solariums , water slides, artificial tropical landscapes, diving towers , plunge pools, fitness areas and wave pools .
power supply
For health and comfort reasons, water and room air in indoor swimming pools are heated to temperatures between 25 and 38 ° C. In combination with the hall buildings, this leads to a high demand for heating, for other systems (water treatment, sauna heating, wave machines, pumps for water slides or whirlpools) corresponding electrical power is required. Most indoor pools in Central Europe meet its energy needs in cogeneration fueled cogeneration units .
Building envelope and building physics in swimming pools
The building shell of an indoor swimming pool essentially consists of walls, windows and a roof or a ceiling to form an upper floor.
Due to the increased temperature and humidity as well as possible corrosive components in the air, the physical safety of the building must be taken into account. All components must be designed in such a way that harmful moisture and mold formation are avoided.
Indoor swimming pools or swimming pools are usually operated with a constant climate, e.g. B. 30 ° C room temperature and 60% relative humidity. For this reason, the direction of diffusion is almost all year round from the inside out. Moisture-regulating interior plasters that z. B. absorb moisture in the residential bathroom at peak times and later release it back into the room, are ineffective if the permanent climate remains constant, since the moisture cannot be released again. Therefore, an absolute vapor barrier makes here z. B. aluminum foil on the inside of the enclosing components makes sense. The vapor barrier has the further advantage that it also protects the building structure from the entry of chloride.
Sufficient thermal insulation is also particularly important to prevent the formation of mold . To do this, it must be ensured that the surface temperature is always above 25.1 ° C, even in the furthest corner.
safety
For safety reasons, the pools in particular are monitored by supervisors . Particular attention is paid to the threat of drowning. The structured surface of the floor tiling also offers wet feet a certain degree of adhesion. Rules such as “no running” and “no jumping into the pool” are intended to help prevent accidental injuries from falling, colliding, bouncing and jumping into one another. Starting pedestals at one end of each swimming lane allow one person to jump into the lane at an angle of about 10-12 ° towards the lane, with a rough or structured surface and typically 55 cm wide and 75 cm long.
The choice of material for safety-relevant components (ceiling suspensions) should already be given increased attention during planning ( stress corrosion cracking ).
Art Nouveau indoor swimming pools
Only a few indoor swimming pools have survived both world wars and withstood corrosion. Very few are still in operation. The remaining buildings are evidence that Art Nouveau embraced the whole way of life. Health as a concern in the period of economic prosperity was not a matter of course, but often only a matter of less committed citizens or a matter of patrons . Back then, these swimming pools were more of a bathtub substitute than a leisure temple.
The following are still in use:
- Stadtbad Quedlinburg (indoor swimming pool Quedlinburg, Gutsmuthsstraße 6, 06484 Quedlinburg); The municipal bathing establishment and the swimming pool were opened on October 15, 1903. The indoor swimming pool was built on the property of the Städtermühle on the dam. Starting in 1994, the Stadtbad Quedlinburg was continuously modernized and from 2014 onwards it will be run by Stadtwerke Quedlinburg GmbH. See also the article "Stadtbad Quedlinburg" on Wikipedia.
- Stadtschwimmhalle Dessau, built in 1907, opened in April 1907, architect Daniel Schultz; Comprehensively renovated and modernized in 2006 and reopened as the "Gesundheitsbad Dessau" (Stadtschwimmhalle Dessau, Askanische Str. 50a, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau).
- Elisabethhalle in Aachen
- Art nouveau bath in Darmstadt since 1986 as a cultural monument under monument protection and renovated in 2008 reopened.
- Merkel's swimming pool in Esslingen am Neckar
- Stadtbad Halle (Saale) (1913-1915), designed by city architect Wilhelm Jost built
- Herschel bath in Mannheim
- Müller'sche Volksbad in Munich
- Volksbad St. Gallen
- Bains Municipaux swimming and thermal baths (1905–1908) by Fritz Beblo in Strasbourg
- Centralbadet in Stockholm from 1904
- Vienna : The Jörgerbad in the XVII. District (Hernals) shows Art Nouveau, opened in 1914 as a tub, steam and indoor swimming pool under the name "Kaiser Franz Joseph-Bad". The architecture of the Zentralbad in District I is not based on Art Nouveau, but rather on the formal language of late historicism (it is accessible to men). There were a number of tiled, Moorish- style baths there . In contrast, its counterpart in Stockholm actually has Art Nouveau architecture.
- The spa facilities of the Hotel Gellért in Budapest with its thermal spring represent the secession style . An almost completely preserved palace hotel.
- Old city bath in Augsburg
- Stadtbad Viersen - Art Nouveau pool with a swimming pool (15 m long pool). The former bathtubs and showers were converted into a sauna landscape in 2006, which has since enriched the range of baths.
- Johannisbad in Zwickau
- Paris:
- 13th arrondissement: Piscine de la Butte aux Cailles, 1922 by Louis Bonnier: ornamental brick facade
- 18th arrondissement: Piscine des Amiraux, 1927–1930 by Henri Sauvage , listed as an ensemble, renovated in 2005; this swimming pool is often used as a film set, e.g. B. for the film The fabulous world of Amélie (Original title: Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain )
Unused, converted or demolished:
- Ernst-Alexandrinen-Volksbad in Coburg
- Güntzbad in Dresden
- Municipal indoor swimming pool in ( Duisburg -) Ruhrort, today the Museum of German Inland Shipping
- Bismarckbad in Altona , 1911, was created at the instigation of the Ottensian industrialist Hermann Bauermeister as “the best indoor swimming pool in Northern Germany”; demolished in 2007 against considerable opposition
- Goseriedebad in Hanover , built according to the resolution of the municipal committees of October 29, 1902 to build a bathing establishment with three swimming pools, forty baths, a steam and air bath and a dog bath; Today in part by the Kestner Society as an exhibition building, partly from the radio station FFN Radio used
- Municipal cleaning and swimming pool in Heidelberg-Bergheim , 1906 (client: Alois Veth; closed in 1981)
- Municipal indoor swimming pool in Hermannstadt (today: Sibiu , Romania) (designed on the model of the Müller'schen Volksbad in Munich)
- Volksbad in Jena reopened in 2007 and used as an event location
- Volks- und Stadtbad in Meiningen , 1906, built by Karl Behlert for Meiningen Bade- und Dampfwaschanstalt AG ; used as a swimming pool until 2001; used as a sports hall after renovation work since 2008
- Bath house in Nordhausen
- Volksbad in Nuremberg , Rothenburger Strasse (currently unused)
swell
- ↑ M. Faller, P. Richner: Safety-relevant components in indoor swimming pools , Switzerland. Ing.-Arch. 2000 (16), pp. 364-370 ( online (3.7 MB) )
- ↑ www.digitalwert.de: General and History. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
- ^ Pools in Dessau-Roßlau. February 3, 2020, accessed on February 11, 2020 (German).
- ^ Health spa Dessau - Sights - World Heritage Region Anhalt-Dessau-Wittenberg. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
- ↑ Stadtschwimmhalle Dessau - Architektur-Bildarchiv. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
- ↑ Der Zwickauer: Sights in Zwickau - The Johannisbad (accessed on March 19, 2008)
- ↑ NEWS FROM ZWICKAU Sights Johannisbad Art Nouveau indoor swimming pool Wellness
- ↑ Website of the Kestnergesellschaft Hannover, about the building ( Memento of the original from November 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ History - Altes Hallenbad Heidelberg In: alteshallenbad.de , accessed on September 17, 2018.
- ↑ History of the bathroom with photographs ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ DLW Sports - Stadtbad Meiningen ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
literature
- Dietrich Fabian (arrangement): Baths . Handbook for pool construction and bathing, Munich 1960.
- Dietrich Fabian (arrangement): Indoor swimming pools and indoor swimming pools for the general public, school and sport (draft and planning 29), Munich 1975.
- Iris Meder: Bathing joy . A trip to the most extraordinary baths in Central Europe. Vienna 2011, ISBN 978-3-99300-051-6 .
- Jean-Marc Basyn: The Protection of the Public Swimming Pools in Brussels-Capital Region (PDF). In: Karl-Eugen Kurrer , Werner Lorenz , Volker Wetzk (eds.): Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Construction History . Neunplus, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-936033-31-1 , pp. 143-150
