Rechberg (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those von Rechberg

The Rechberg (also: von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen ) are an old Swabian noble family whose ancestral seat was Hohenrechberg Castle near Schwäbisch Gmünd . The family was mentioned for the first time in 1179 in a document from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa , in 1577 raised to the status of barons and 1607 to the status of count . She belongs to the high nobility .

history

Hohenrechberg Castle , gouache by Louis Mayer , 1836

The first documentary mention took place on January 22, 1179 with "Ulricus de Rehperc" ( Ulrich I. von Rechberg ), who witnessed a privilege conferment for the Rot monastery by the Hohenstaufen emperor Friedrich Barbarossa. Ulrich von Rechberg and later his son Hildebrand were marshals in the service of the Duchy of Swabia . They were probably the builders of Hohenrechberg Castle , which was built between 1200 and 1250 as the Staufer Dienstmannenburg within sight of Hohenstaufen Castle .

The Rechbergers provided important men in state and church. For centuries the Rechberg rule was part of the Swabian Empire . The maintenance of security and order, the coinage, the army and the military road were regulated by them. In the 16th century, the Rechbergers joined the knight canton of Kocher .

In 1577 the Rechbergs were raised to the baron status, in 1607 under Wolf Konrad von Rechberg they were raised to the count status by Emperor Rudolf II ( letter nobility ). In terms of constitutional law, however, their rule remained chivalrous (baronial) in the knightly canton of Kocher, without the desired seat on the "Count's bench" of the Regensburg Reichstag .

The knightly territories lost their imperial immediacy during the Napoleonic period. The areas of the Rechberg rule fell to the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806 and to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810 . Because of the reign of Rechberg, which was mediated in 1806 , the boss of the Count's House of Rechberg was hereditary Reichsrat of the first Württemberg Chamber from 1819 to 1918 and, after Mickhausen acquired the rank of rank, he was also Reichsrat of the first Bavarian Chamber.

Schwäbisch Gmünd, Hohenrechberg ruins

Rechberger lines

The family split into the lines Unter den Bergen until 1413 ( Bargau , Bettringen , Rechberghausen ) and Auf den Bergen. Since the 14th century, the latter has been divided into the two main lines Rechberg-Hohenrechberg and Rechberg- Staufeneck , from which several secondary lines originated, which became extinct over the centuries:

  • Rechberg under the mountains, died out in 1413
  • Rechberg zu Scharfenberg (1st line), went out in 1547 with Georg Rechberg zu Scharfenberg
  • Rechberg and Weißenstein zu Hohenrechberg, went out in 1550 with Wolf von Rechberg
  • Rechberg zu Hohenrechberg, went out in 1585 with Ulrich IV. Von Rechberg
  • Rechberg and Staufeneck and Weißenstein zu Kronburg - Kellmünz , went out in 1604 with Ernst Freiherr von Rechberg
  • Rechberg and Staufeneck and Weißenstein and Kellmünz zu Türkheim - Schwabeck , went out in 1618 with Wilhelm Leo Graf von Rechberg
  • Rechberg zu Staufeneck, went out in 1591 with Albrecht Hermann von Rechberg. However, numerous subsidiary lines were created beforehand.
  • Rechberg zu Scharfenberg (2nd line), founded in 1549 by Hans III. von Rechberg zu Illereichen , went out in 1732 with Count Alois Klemens von Rechberg

In 1738 Johann Bero von Rechberg united all Rechberg possessions in his hand and was the founder of the last line of Rechberg and Rothenlöwen. At the end of the 18th century, this was divided into the Württemberg main line Hohenrechberg- Donzdorf - Weißenstein and the Bavarian branch line Elkofen .

Former possessions (extract)

The Rechberg owned the imperial and district estates and a wide area around the Rechberg , around Donzdorf and Weißenstein , on the Rems and on the Kocher , in the Hohenzollern from Veringenstadt to Schramberg and other areas:

coat of arms

Blazon : the family coat of arms shows two turned away red lions with intertwined tails in gold; on the helmet with red and gold blankets a growing red horned roebuck.

Explanation: The coat of arms is a " talking coat of arms ", Rech in the Swabian dialect for the deer and the red lions , although the deer looks more like a stag.

Historical coats of arms

Known family members (excerpt)

Albrecht II von Hohenrechberg , Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt from 1429 to 1445, epitaph from 1552
  • Albrecht II of Hohenrechberg (* around 1390; † 1445): Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt (1429–1445)
  • Konrad von Rechberg zu Hohenrechberg (*?; † 1473): Administrator of the Diocese of Chur (1440–1441)
  • Hans von Rechberg (* 1410; † 1464): founder of the Schramberg rule, combined the parts of the Falkenstein-Falkenstein, Falkenstein-Ramstein and Schilteck dominions he had acquired into one territory
  • Bero I. von Rechberg-Mindelheim (*?; † 1462): founder of the Rechberg-Mindelheim branch; through his mother Irmgard von Teck (*?; † 1432) he inherited the rule of Mindelheim in 1439 together with his siblings Albrecht and Barbara; in the following years he replaced his siblings' shares; In 1447 he became the sole owner of the estate; married to Countess Barbara von Rottenburg (*?; † 1462); Ancestor of Georg von Waldburg-Zeil (1488–1531) ; After his death, the rule of Mindelheim fell to his sons Bero II and Jörg II before it was sold in 1467 to his daughter Barbara, who was married to Ulrich von Frundsberg, with Mindelheim belonging to their descendants until 1586.
  • Philipp von Rechberg (*?; † 1587): marries Anna-Maria von Fugger in Nordendorf in 1579 (a fountain built by Marx Fugger in 1580 still reminds of this alliance today)
  • Hugo von Rechberg and Staufeneck and Weißenstein zu Kronburg-Kellmünz (*?; † 1595): raised to the rank of baron in 1577; without offspring
  • Johann Rudolf von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen zu Hohenrechberg (* 1606; † 1660): Prince Provost of the Prince Provost of Ellwangen and administrator of the Augsburg bishopric
  • Wolf Konrad von Rechberg and Staufeneck and Weißenstein and Kellmünz zu Türkheim-Schwabeck (*?; † 1617): in 1577 raised to the rank of baron and 1607 to the rank of count; inherited the dominion of Weißenstein and Kellmünz after the Kronburger line died out
  • Maximilian Emanuel Graf von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen (* 1736 in Munich; † 1819 ibid): Bayer. Chief steward; Founder of the Nenninger Pietà by the Bavarian Rococo sculptor Ignaz Günther
  • Aloys Graf von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen (* 1766; † 1849): Minister of State of the Royal Bavarian House and Foreign Affairs
  • Joseph Maria von Rechberg (* 1769 in Donzdorf, † 1833 in Munich): Bayer. Lieutenant General and Envoy in Berlin, Knight of Malta and Commander in Mindelheim ; Art collector
  • Carl Maria von Rechberg (* 1775 in Donzdorf; † 1847 in Munich): Chief Chamberlain of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, patron, art collector
  • Anton von Rechberg (* 1776; † 1837): Bavarian general and court master
  • Albert Graf von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen (* 1803; † 1885): Bavarian diplomat, Württemberg Chamber President
  • Johann Bernhard Graf von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen (* 1806; † 1899): Austrian diplomat and foreign minister
  • Otto Graf von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen (* 1833; † 1918): Württemberg registrar and chamber president
  • Albrecht Graf von Rechberg and Rothenlöwen (* 1920; † 2013): lawyer; From 1961 to 1994 he headed the Malteser Aid Service in Munich

See also

literature

  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume XI, Volume 122 of the complete series. CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2000, ISSN  0435-2408 .
  • Hans-Wolfgang Bächle : The aristocratic family of the Rechberger: castles and palaces, churches and chapels, works of art, grave monuments . Remsdr. Sigg, Härtel, Schwäbisch Gmünd 2004, 164 pages, ISBN 3-926043-22-9 .
  • Harald Drös: The inscriptions of the district of Göppingen . Reichert, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-88226-870-0 , 452 pp.
  • Thomas Freller / Gabriele von Trauchburg: The Last Knight. Fighting against the Ruin of an Order . Midseabooks Malta 2010, 230 pp.
  • Josef Holl: History of the city of Weißenhorn . 1904 (reprinted 1983), pp. 33-40.
  • Klaus Graf : Gentlemen on the Lindacher Tower from the 12th to the 16th century (12th to the 16th century) . In: Ortschronik Lindach . Schwäbisch Gmünd 2018, ISBN 978-3-95747-083-6 , pp. 70-93 online .

Web links

Commons : Rechberg (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ State Archives Stuttgart, in Württemb. Document Book II, 193
  2. ^ History of Weissenstein
  3. ^ Castle Scharfenberg
  4. ↑ Vogtei Sindelfingen
  5. ^ History of Kellmünz
  6. ↑ Schloss Ramsberg ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.burgen.de
  7. ↑ Herrschaft Aichheim ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.altenstadt-vg.de
  8. ^ History of the Babenhausen market
  9. ^ Wäschenbeuren Castle
  10. ↑ The history of Rechberghausen ( Memento of the original from March 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rechberghausen.de
  11. ↑ History of Mindelheim ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mindelheim.de
  12. ^ Reign of Schramberg
  13. ^ History of Osterberg
  14. ↑ Schloss Kronburg ( Memento of the original from January 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 246 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.burgenregion.de
  15. ^ Donzdorf Castle
  16. ↑ Places of rule of the Fuggers
  17. ^ Christian Hillen:  Siegfried III. from Rechberg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 342 f. ( Digitized version ).
  18. ↑ Joseph Philipp Brunemayr: History of the royal Bavarian city and rule Mindelheim . Mindelheim 1821, p. 250; supplemented by Doris Wiedemann: Allgäu . With Neuschwanstein, Upper Swabia and Allgäu Alps. Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2013, p. 87 and http://www.frundsbergfest.de/de/mindelheim-und-seine-herrscher/die-rechberg-1439-1467 , accessed on February 16, 2017.