Reign of Schramberg
The Schramberg lordship was a state lordship of the lords of Rechberg , lords of Landenberg and Rochus Merz von Staffelfelden, which had developed since the second half of the 15th century , and later the territory of the former imperial counts of Bissingen-Nippenburg in the central Black Forest.
Rechberger, Landenberger, Rochus Merz von Staffelfelden, Upper Austria
The rule of Schramberg was founded by Hans von Rechberg († 1464) who, together with his wife Elisabeth von Werdenberg-Sargans († 1469) , formed an imperial territory from the former rulership of the Falkensteiner , Ramsteiner and Schiltecker . The latter continued to exist after 1464, when Hans' son Ludwig von Rechberg († 1503/04) and his brothers maintained and expanded this inconsistent territory, for example in the area of the former knighthood of Schilteck (1496) or during the expansion of Hohenschramberg Castle. Ludwig had, as u. a. the Hohenschramberger Burgfrieden of March 27, 1492 proves that his brothers Heinrich († 1503) and Wilhelm († 1505) also have rights in the rule of Schramberg and with regard to the castle. Ludwig's son Hans (II.) (1504–1526), after disputes with the imperial city of Rottweil (1512/1513), tried to sell the rule from 1514, which was finally passed on November 10, 1526 to his brother-in-law Hans von Landenberg (1526– 1540) was sold for 11,000 gold guilders, after both Emperor Maximilian I (1493–1519) in 1514 and Abbot Nikolaus Schwander von St. Georgen (1517–1530) in 1521 finally refrained from buying them.
The sales deed of November 10, 1526 then lists the parts belonging to the Schramberg rule: Office Lauterbach and Sulzbach with parish church and tithe; Office Schramberg with Sulgen and tithe; Heiligenbronn with the Klostervogtei; Aichhalden and Hinteraichhalden with customs; Falkenstein with mill, tithe and inch; Office and village of Mariazell as a fiefdom of the Reichenau monastery ; Ramstein; half of the St. Georgen monastery governor as an imperial fief Tennenbronn Office ; Own people inside and outside of the Schramberg rule. Hans von Landenberg also took up the Reichenauer Meieramt in Trossingen in 1527 .
Politically, the Landenberger oriented himself towards the House of Habsburg , with whom he concluded the opening and service contracts of 1529 and 1536. In 1532 he sold half of the St. Georgen monastery bailiwick to the Habsburg Duke Ferdinand von Württemberg . Like the Rechbergers, the Landenbergers, as Lords of Schramberg, acted mostly unhappy in the feuds that were so typical of the time. As with Hans II von Rechberg, disputes with the imperial city of Rottweil were also in the foreground under Hans and his son Christoph von Landenberg (1540–1546). The Landenberg feud (1538–1541) also gained importance beyond the Schramberg-Rottweiler area. The feud badly damaged the Landenberg rule, so that after the death of Christophs (1546) his brothers Rudolf and Hermann (1546–1547) sold the Schramberg rule to Rochus Merz von Staffelfelden († 1563) (1547).
The new owner of the Schramberg estate reorganized, expanded and rounded it off. The Merzsche Urbar (1547/49) reflects the new organizational structure of the five to six Schramberg “offices and bailiffs”, the place Schramberg received a certificate from Emperor Charles V (1519–1556) of October 7, 1547 (on the “armored Reichstag “) The market law, legal disputes especially about the farms acquired from 1551 in the Langen-Kirnbach office led to the Tennenbronn Treaty of July 23, 1558 with the Duchy of Württemberg. Based on the House of Habsburg Austria, Mr. von Schramberg agreed an opening and umbrella contract for Hohenschramberg Castle in 1551 . On his death (1563), Rochus Merz left an orderly but not yet fully consolidated “Freiherrschaft” Schramberg.
Anna Merz von Staffelfelden († 1571), the wife of Rochus Merz, took over the rule of Schramberg after his death. A “hunting expedition” consisting of 600 men in the imperial city of Rottweil in the Schramberg forests within the free Pürsch (1563) brought in two hares as hunted prey (“hare song” from the Zimmer Chronicle) and stood at the beginning of a 160-year trial at the imperial court the high jurisdiction, where Pürsch and rule Schramberg overlapped; Disputes on inheritance led to the Oberndorf Treaty on September 20, 1566, which Anna Merz confirmed in her Schramberger rule; Territorialization and intensification of rule caused resistance among the Schramberg subjects (1570/1571).
After the death of Anna Merz (1571) the rule of Schramberg came to the Tyrolean noble family Zott von Berneck, who was related to the regent . The rule of Sebastian and Gottfried Zott (1571–1583) then finally heralded the transition of Schramberg to the House of Habsburg Austria (1583); Count Wilhelm von Zimmer (1583–1594) was enfeoffed with the front Austrian rule.
Constitutional position
The conglomerate of rulers, which was to develop under the Rechbergers, Landenbergers and Rochus Merz von Staffelfelden in the late 15th and 16th centuries to the rule Schramberg, had as its core the remains of the dominions Falkenstein (-Falkenstein and -Ramstein) and Schilteck. Accordingly, the Schramberg lordship was based on the Falkenstein jurisdiction and was therefore imperial and free, subordinate only to the German king and emperor and the empire. There were restrictions in this regard where Schramberger Herrschaft and Rottweiler Pürschgerichtsgebiet overlapped territorially or in the condominiums Tennenbronn and Sulgen / Sulgau; The latter were common Schrambergisch-Württemberg rule. That the Rechberg, Landenberg and Staffelfelden rulers also included rights and possessions outside of the state rulership on the Schiltach is shown, among other things, by the possession of half the St. Georgen monastery bailiwick, which was altogether imperial fiefs of the lords of Schramberg and the dukes of Württemberg.
The mutual entanglement and overlapping of property and sovereignty corresponded to their mobility when buying and selling. Around the middle of the 15th century, Hans von Rechberg acquired parts of the Falkenstein rulership, the Schramberg rulership was sold to the Landenbergers in 1526, and to Rochus Merz in 1547, in order to finally come to the House of Habsburg-Austria (1583).
The political center of the Schramberg rule was Hohenschramberg Castle. There were also the scattered settlements of the valley communities, which increasingly organized themselves as communities in the course of the 15th century. Lauterbach and Sulzbach are to be mentioned here (1497). Aichhalden and Mariazell - the latter fiefdom of the Reichenau monastery - were then municipalities that belonged to the Schramberg rule and had a (at times small) urban character. The internal division of the territory into five or six "offices and bailiffs" (Schramberg, Aichhalden, Lauterbach-Sulzbach, Mariazell, Tennenbronn, [Langen-Kirnbach]) was established by Rochus Merz, the Merzsche Urbar became the "Basic Law" of sovereignty, which as a "knightly miniature state" adapted to the other territories in organization and administration. The administrative structure that arose in this way corresponded to the trend of the times, as the 16th century was the age of territorialization and confessionalization, whereby the rule of Schramberg remained with the Catholic faith, but the Catholic Church was territorialized in the rule of Schramberg.
Bissingen-Nippenburg
Around 1648, after several changes of ownership and border changes, the territory fell to the barons (imperial counts since 1746) of Bissingen-Nippenburg . The rule of Schramberg then existed in virtually unchanged boundaries until the connection to Württemberg in 1805. Geographically, the rule comprised large areas of the formerly independent communities Schramberg (valley town Schramberg), Sulgen, Tennenbronn , as well as Lauterbach, Mariazell (now community Eschbronn ), Hardt , and Aichhalden. The political center of the Schramberg rule was the valley town of Schramberg and Hohenschramberg Castle .
The term Herrschaft Schramberg is rarely used colloquially, mostly the term Raumschaft Schramberg is used for this . In historical regional studies / geography, however, the term Herrschaft Schramberg is still in use.
literature
- Museum and History Association Schramberg e. V. and large district town Schramberg (ed.): Schramberg. Aristocratic rule, market town, industrial city. Straub, Schramberg 2004. ISBN 3-9807406-3-3