Landenberg

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Coat of arms of the Landenberg in the Zurich coat of arms roll (approx. 1340)
Coat of arms of the Landenberg in Scheibler's book of arms
Coat of arms of the Landenberg on a fountain near the ruins of Breitenlandenberg
Landenberg castle complex in Rapperswil (Breny Tower), view from the west
Greifensee Castle, view from the southwest
The Landenberghaus in Greifensee
The Gallus Chapel in Greifensee, donated by Hermann IV around 1330
Landenberg-Gasse and memorial plaque

The Lords of Landsberg are a medieval noble family with its headquarters at Castle Alt-Landsberg in the Swiss canton of Zurich and from the late 13th century, with additional offices in Burg width Landsberg , castle Hohenlandenberg at Schloss Greifensee and Rapperswil . Hartmann Friedrich von Breitenlandenberg died in 1885 as the last male representative of the families in Switzerland; Members of the same sex still live in the Federal Republic of Germany today.

The Landenbergers played an important role in the history of the canton of Zurich and of parts of today's cantons of Thurgau , St. Gallen and Schaffhausen in the 14th and 15th centuries. With the strengthening of the Confederation , they lost many of their ancestral possessions, but were able to maintain some influence in Thurgau and on Lake Constance . During this time they also provided two bishops of Konstanz , Hermann von Breitenlandenberg (1466–1474) and Hugo von Hohenlandenberg (1496–1529).

After the Reformation , some Landenbergs acquired property in Alsace and southern Baden, but with the Landenberg feud in 1542 they again lost the Schramberg dominion acquired in 1526 . In Switzerland they received the rule Altenklingen until the French invasion in 1798, individual castles and regional jurisdiction. In Alsace, the Landenbergers lost their remaining possessions in the French Revolution .

Origin and early history

The name Landenberg is derived from Berg des Lando and thus goes back to the short form of an Old High German personal name such as Landwalt / Landolt or Landbert . The Landenberg were a knightly family who named themselves after their ancestral seat, the castle (Alt-) Landenberg , as was customary in the 13th century . There is no evidence of any reference to Landenberg Castle in Sarnen , Obwalden. The name Alt -Landenberg appears for the first time in 1298, at the time of the founding of the Landenberg auxiliary castles Hohenlandenberg and Breitenlandenberg .

The first known bearer of the name, Beringer, is mentioned in 1209. Earlier historical research (Hans Kläui) wanted to trace this ringing back to the Meier von Turbenthal documented between 1177 and 1193, later authors (Roger Sablonier) instead suspected a connection with the von Bichelsee or the Ministerials von Liebenberg . Before 1300 genealogical data are hardly available. Leonhard (2007) speaks of an aristocratic association formed by “a noble association formed by common ownership or function within the St. Gallic court association of Turbenthal”.

The Landenbergers have been documented as followers of the Rapperswil family ( Rapperswil rulership ) since 1229 : in a deed of donation to the Rüti monastery , cives de Rathpendetswiler ("citizens of Rapperswil") are named as witnesses, including an Ulrich von Landenberg.

In the later 13th century, the Landenberg property expanded rapidly, including a. through clever marriage policy with small noble families in the region. Hermann II von Landenberg was Marshal of Duke Albrecht von Habsburg until 1306 . After 1300 he acquired the rule of Greifensee . From this time on, the Landenbergs split into the secondary branches Landenberg-Greifensee, Breitenlandenberg and Hohenlandenberg (in addition to the main line Alt-Landenberg, which only existed for a short time).

After the main line Alt-Landenberg died out in 1315 (death of Rudolf von (Alt-) Landenberg and his son Pantaleon near Morgarten ), Landenberg-Greifensee established itself as the new main line, under Hermann IV (died 1361, probably a son of Hermann II .). The Alt-Landenberg Castle fell back to the St. Gallen Monastery (later in the 14th century it came back into the possession of the Breitenlandenberg line).

The Landenbergers and Raetians

Before his death on September 5, 1349, Johann von Rietberg (Domleschg) gave his unions Hermann and Beringer von Landenberg his own Rietberg Fortress and the Hochjuvalt Fortress, which Eglolf I. von Juvalt sold or pledged to the Lords of Rietberg before 1337 (BUB V No. 2914). In 1352, "Hermann and Beringer Ritter von Landenberg von Griffense and Pfaf Herrmann von Landenberg von Griffense Brothers, Herr Hermanns von Landenberg von Griffense the parent knight sune" sold both festivals to Prince-Bishop Ulrich von Chur for 3500 guilders. Syfrid Thumb von Neuburg (a son of Friedrich II and Countess Sophia von Montfort) was married to a sister of Beringer IV von Landenberg von Griffense (-1346-1349-).

History of the Landenbergs in the late Middle Ages

Dominion

The Breitenlandenberger branch became a leading family in the Zurich area in the 15th century, and the Breitenlandenberger also came into the possession of Altenklingen Castle . The Hohenlandenbergers owned the Andelfingen rule until 1434 .

Castles on the different side lines of the Landenbergs were a. near Bauma Alt-Landenberg , Hohenlandenberg near Wila and Breitenlandenberg , ancestral seat of the Breitenlandenberger in Turbenthal , all in today's Zurich Oberland Tösstal , as well as the Alt-Bichelsee castle not far from Turbenthal . The dominion of Greifensee with castle and town of Greifensee including the lake and associated goods in the Zurich Oberland . At times the other possessions included u. a. the castle Altburg - family seat of the Barons of Regensberg - as well as a larger number of other noble families acquired goods around Dällikon , in the reign of Grüningen in Winterthur and several more.

As early as the 14th century, the Landenbergers came under economic hardship due to their one-sided orientation towards the Habsburgs, who were only able to assert their territorial claims against the growing Confederation to a limited extent. After the death of Hermann IV. In 1361, his sons had to sell parts of his property, including the lordships of Greifensee and Regensdorf. This crisis was overcome by the fact that the Landenberger realigned to Zurich. The Hohenlandenberg and Breitenlandenberg lines were thus able to benefit from the rise of the city of Zurich in the 15th century, while also having to shift the focus of their possessions to the east, in the area of ​​today's Canton of Thurgau and on Lake Constance.

The Lords of Landenberg were related by marriage to the Lords of Rechberg through the marriage between Hans von Landenberg († 1540) and Blancheflor von Rechberg . After failed negotiations with other interested parties, the Schramberg rule went to a Hans von Landenberg in 1526, possibly the same who had distinguished himself at the Battle of Grandson in 1476 and was knighted, the Schramberg rule .

Landenberg-Greifensee

It is documented several times that the Landenberg dynasty had great influence in the rule of Greifensee and far beyond: On January 7, 1300, Countess Elisabeth von Rapperswil pledged the castle , the Städtli , the Greifensee and other goods to Knight Hermann II von Landenberg. The new owner called himself von Landenberg-Greifensee and experienced a remarkable social and political rise in the service of King Albrecht I as secretarius (administrative secretary) and marshal . His name is documented in Duke Albrecht's service against the Güssing counts in the course of the Güssing feud around 1281. He served as a loyal follower of Habsburg Austria mostly outside of his homeland and died in 1306 in Bohemia . Around 1330 to 1340 his son, Hermann von Landenberg IV (or III), the younger marshal, had the fortification of the castle and town of Greifensee built and donated the Gallus Chapel. An Agnes married - probably around 1375 - Johann IV of Habsburg zu Laufenburg , the last of the Laufenburg line. In 1369, the Landenbergers sold the Greifensee estate to the Toggenburgs , who in turn pledged it to Zurich in 1402. The Greifensee community center, known as the Landenberghaus, which was probably built around 1250 for the rulers of the castle, is still a reminder of this era today.

In 1424 the county of Kyburg was pawned piece by piece to the city of Zurich. The rule of Wülflingen was taken over by Ulrich von Landenberg-Greifensee, Hartmann von Sehaim's son-in-law .

The descendants of the Landenberg-Greifensee branch lived in Sonnenberg Castle in Stettfurt , and after 1483 in Herblingen .

Breitenlandenberg

The best-known representatives of the Landenbergers in Zurichgau were probably the three sons of Ministerial Junker Hermann IV (or V.) - called Schöch von Breitenlandenberg - and Ursula Truchsess von Diessenhofen .

Wildhans von Breitenlandenberg (* around 1410 in Turbenthal , † May 28, 1444 in Nänikon ) was executed together with 61 surviving defenders after the siege of Greifensee ( Old Zurich War ) by the besiegers of Central Switzerland in the so-called murder of Greifensee .

Hermann III. von Breitenlandenberg (* 1410, † 1474) was Bishop of Constance from 1466 to 1474 , and also an important mediator between the Old Confederation and Habsburg - he died shortly before the conclusion of the " Eternal Direction " that he had influenced .

Kaspar von Breitenlandenberg († 1463) was abbot of the prince abbey of St. Gallen from 1442 . He was considered a very educated man and was highly respected among the nobility. So he became a president of the provincial chapter of the Benedictine order in Mainz and Bamberg . The city of St. Gallen , of which he was feudal lord , refused to pay homage to him. Emperor Friedrich III. , the Confederates and various nobles were called on in turns by both parties in the lengthy dispute that followed over the city's independence rights. On August 17, 1451, the abbot concluded perpetual land rights with the federal cities of Zurich , Lucerne , Schwyz and Glarus . However, the legal dispute was not settled until 1457 through the mediation of Bern . In November 1457, the abbot's administration of the monastery was definitively withdrawn; the financial administration had been held by his later successor Ulrich Rösch for a long time .

Hohenlandenberg

The Hohenlandenberg owned the Wellenberg rule with the Wellenberg Castle and the Sonnenberg rule with the Sonnenberg Castle . They also owned the Frauenfeld Castle .

The Hohenlandenberg branch moved to Wellenberg Castle ( Felben-Wellhausen ) in 1385, to Neuburg on Lake Constance ( Mammern ) from 1463 , and after 1522 to Breisgau and Alsace .

Hugo von Hohenlandenberg (1460–1532), son of Hans Jakob von Hohenlandenberg and Barbara von Hegi, is the representative of this line at the height of its influence. Through papal commissions he received benefices in Friesach (Carinthia), Chur, Basel, Trient, Erfurt and before 1487 a canon in Constance. In 1496 he became Bishop of Constance. When Constance leaned towards the Reformation, he moved his residence to Meersburg in 1526 .

Decline after the Reformation

After the Reformation, the Landenbergers largely lost their influential position. The Landenberg-Greifensee branch had already lost control of Greifensee in 1369 and lived at Sonnenberg Castle near Stettfurt . After 1483 and until the line died out in 1572, they lived in Herblingen.

The Landenbergers lived in Rapperswil in a castle complex used in its current form as the Rapperswil City Museum , which Knight Hans von Landenberg built around 1492 in place of the previous seat of the Russingers. The Landenbergers held office in Rapperswil until 1530 as mayors and councilors .

From 1538 to 1542, the Landenberg feud plunged the Landenberg rule of Schramberg into political and economic chaos. So remained the heirs of Christoph von Landenberg (1540-1546), his brothers Rudolf and Hermann (1546-1547), in 1547 only the sale of the rule to Rochus Merz von Staffelfelden . Hans and Christoph from Landenberg were buried in the Villingen Franciscan Church, which, as a burial place, stands for the Catholic faith of this noble family in the age of the Reformation .

Even before the Reformation, the Hohenlandenberg line had shifted its focus of ownership to Lake Constance and after the Reformation withdrew to Breisgau and Alsace. A Hugo Gerwig von Hohenlandenberg ruled from 1580–1588 over the St. Gallic fief Ehaben in Breisgau, from whose son Hans Dietrich von Hohenlandenberg the prince abbey then bought back the fief in 1621.

A Hugo Dietrich von Hohenlandenberg was from 1578 to 1600 Landkomtur of the Deutschordensballei Swabia-Alsace-Burgundy .

The Alsatian possessions of the Breitenlandenberg line were lost in the French Revolution. These Landenbergers then settled in southern Baden . The southern Baden line and a line on the Moselle , which arose through marriage in the late 17th century, still exist today.

Within the Confederation, those of Breitenlandenberg were able to hold their own longest. After the conquest of Thurgau by the Confederates in 1460, they lost their influence, but held the rule of Altenklingen near Wigoltingen until 1551 , and they kept the Hardt and Salenstein castles on the Untersee until the 18th century . The Breitenlandenberger also retained the rights to the churches in Turbenthal , Wila , Weisslingen , Bäretswil and Pfäffikon in their former core area, which they ceded to the Canton of Zurich in the 1830s to 1840s. The last male representative of the Landenbergs in Switzerland was Hartmann Friedrich von Breitenlandenberg zu Gottlieben (1802–1883 ​​/ 5).

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Hugo Dietrich von Hohenlandenberg, Landkomtur der Deutschordensballei Swabia-Alsace-Burgundy (1594) shows the two Landenberg coats of arms quartered with the coat of arms of the Teutonic Order.

The oldest coat of arms of the Landenbergs showed three white balls on a red field. The Breitenlandenberg line then carried the three white rings from the late 13th century, preserved in the Zurich coat of arms with a hat and a white ball as a crest ornament. Hohenlandenberg had a quartered shield, with the Landenberger rings in two quarters, and the Greifensee coat of arms, a black and yellow quartered shield, in the other two quarters. This early inclusion of a ruler's coat of arms in the family shield is unusual for the lower nobility. In some cases, however, the Hohenlandenbergers only carried the Greifensee coat of arms, i.e. a shield quartered in black and yellow. Individual Hohenlandenbergers in the Renaissance had the Landenberg rings and the Greifensee coat of arms quartered with other coats of arms, such as Hugo von Hohenlandenberg , the Bishop of Constance from 1496 to 1529/31, with the coat of arms of the Diocese of Constance .

The coat of arms of the Breitenlandenberger was adopted by Wila as the municipal coat of arms in 1926 . The black and yellow coat of arms of Landenberg-Greifensee forms the basis of the municipal coat of arms of Wetzikon (1927), while the municipality of Greifensee has the talking coat of arms of the Greifensee rule, which appeared in the late 15th century (municipal coat of arms since 1930).

Well-known namesake

literature

Web links

Commons : Landenberg (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Martin Leonhard: Landenberg, from. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . (2007).
  2. ↑ Gothaisches genealogisches Handbuch , Volume 5, pp. 251 ff., 2017
  3. ^ Deed of donation to the Rüti monastery from 1229 Source: Rapperswil City Museum.
  4. ↑ Bündner Urkundenbuch, Vol. VI, No. 3049.
  5. ^ Gregor Spuhler : Altenklingen. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  6. ↑ see e.g. BB Rüth: The free rule Schramberg (1526–1583) - territorialization and confessionalization. In: Schramberg. Dominion - Markflecken - Industrial City, ed. v. Museum and History Association Schramberg ud Great District Town Schramberg, Schramberg 2004, pp. 115–136; O. Dambach: Schramberg. Place and rule. From the oldest times to the present, Schramberg 1904.
  7. ^ Martin Leonhard: Landenberg [Breitenlandenberg], Wildhans. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . Hans Fründ : Chronicle of the Old Zurich War , printed in 1875. Werner Schodoler : Eidgenössische Chronik , 1510–1535.
  8. ↑ Veronika Feller-Vest: Landenberg [Breitenlandenberg], Hermann von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  9. ^ Magdalen Bless-Grabher: Landenberg [Breitenlandenberg], Kaspar von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . Kaspar von Breitenlandenberg , in: Helvetia Sacra III / 1/2 (1986), pp. 1317-1319. Abbot Kaspar von Breitenlandenberg (1442–1463) in the city encyclopedia of the city of Wil.
  10. ↑ Parts of the castle complex with the 28-meter-high Breny tower are still part of the remains of the former city ​​wall leading south . Culture kit Rapperswil-Jona , 36 museums without a roof: This and other historical information is taken from a. also the 36 showcases in the old town . The history is taken from the information boards in the Rapperswil City Museum.
  11. ^ Leonhard (HLS, 2007); Staatsarchiv Zürich, MM 1.83 RRB 1823/0275 , (April 5, 1823) “Herr Hartmann Friedrich von Breitenlandenberg, landlord in Gottlieben, reports to the high government in a letter dd 2nd hujus that he, according to the registry office received from the local authority Notification of the blessed death of Pastor Meyer in Weißlingen, and in force of the right to collatur to which he is entitled, appointed his cousin, Felix von Breitenlandenberg [1783–1838], as a new pastor for this parish Pastor zu Dynhard, which election he is now submitting and recommending to sovereign confirmation. "
  12. ↑ Julius Kindler von Knobloch, Othmar Freiherr von Stotzingen, Oberbadisches Gender Book (Heidelberg: Badische Historische Kommission, 1898, 1905, 1919), Vol. 2, p. 443 .
  13. ↑ F. von Wyss: About the origin and meaning of the coat of arms with reference to an old coat of arms of the Zurich City Library. In: Mitteilungen der Antiquarian Gesellschaft in Zürich , Volume 6 (1849), p. 33 .
  14. ↑ Stephan Brechtel in his book of arms of the Holy Roman Empire (BSB Cod.icon. 390, Nuremberg, around 1554–1568, p. 793 ) still ranks the old Landenberg coat of arms under the "family coat of arms of the tournament nobility".
  15. ↑ Gothaisches genealogisches Handbuch, Volume 5, p. 254
  16. ↑ Gothaisches genealogisches Handbuch, Volume 5, p. 261