Territorial development of Zurich

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Map of the development of the city-state of Zurich up to 1789

City acquisitions

The city of Zurich first secured its influence outside its walls by granting stake citizenship rights to hundreds of residents of the surrounding villages and small towns and by concluding castle rights with neighboring nobles and monasteries. So with the Johanniter Commanderies Bubikon , Wädenswil , and Küsnacht , the monasteries Rüti , Kappel , Einsiedeln , Wettingen , St. Blasien , Allerheiligen-Schaffhausen , Pfäfers , Schänis , Wurmsbach , Tänikon and Rheinau . Secular lords in castle law with Zurich were u. a. the Counts of Rapperswil , the Landenberg , Bonstetten , Hinwil, Tengen, and the Meyer von Knonau.

Another means of expanding urban influence was the acquisition of rulership rights by urban noble families. The Mülner owned the bailiwick of Stadelhofen , Zollikon and Küsnacht ; the Brun the one via Niederhasli and Mettmenhasli in the Glattal, via Stäfa , Uetikon , Pfäffikon SZ , Freienbach and Wollerau and via Thalwil on Lake Zurich. Under Mayor Rudolf Brun, Zurich began to acquire subject areas directly. This was made possible by the fact that the Habsburgs pledged their property on the right bank of the Rhine in small parts to insignificant aristocratic families. At the turn of the 14th to 15th centuries, many of these noble families found themselves in financial difficulties and passed on their Habsburg pledges to the city of Zurich for money. In this way, the city came into extensive land holdings that the Habsburgs could no longer buy.

After 1365 the city acquired Wiedikon , Wollishofen , Wipkingen , Zürichberg , Hottingen , Oberstrass and Unterstrass . 1358 from the Mülner Stadelhofen and Zollikon, 1384 Küsnacht , Meilen from the Baroness von Ebersberg and Höngg from the Wettingen monastery . In the following year Thalwil was added, in 1393 the farms of Freienbach , Wollerau , Pfäffikon SZ and Bäch by Hans von Schellenberg. In 1400 Erlenbach was acquired. In 1402 the city bought the Greifensee office from the Counts of Toggenburg , in 1405 Männedorf from the Gessler, 1406 Maschwanden , Eschenbach and Horgen from the Lords of Hallwyl , in 1408 the Grüningen rule from the Gesslers, in 1409 the Regensberg office and the town of Bülach from the Habsburgs . In connection with the imperial war proclaimed by King Sigismund against the Habsburg Duke Friedrich IV of Austria , Zurich conquered the Kelleramt , the Freiamt Affoltern , Birmensdorf , Aesch and Steinhausen . Also, with the support of Sigismund received Zurich in 1424, the Habsburg Empire Pawn machinations Kyburg , Embrach and Kloten and in 1434 the Andelfingen region of the Landsberg . In 1432 the city acquired the village of Altstetten . The city also asserted its sovereignty over all areas with whose owners it had a castle right, e.g. B. on the jurisdictions of Rüschlikon , Meilen, Fluntern and Albisrieden of the Grossmünster Monastery. After the Reformation, the possessions of the secularized monasteries and monasteries became the property of the city.

When the council bought an area for Zurich, it usually left the existing administration in place. Each acquisition became a separate administrative district, a so-called bailiwick. However, there was not even a legal unit within the bailiwicks, as individual communities or lordships each had special "traditional" rights or privileges that could not or only with great difficulty be touched. A distinction was made between upper and land bailiwicks according to the type of administration of a bailiwick. Upper bailiffs were usually smaller and located closer to the city, while country bailiffs were larger and often had more sovereign rights. The bailiwicks were also divided into "Inner" and "Outer" Bailiwicks. The former were mostly subordinate to the city council court in legal matters. The latter were part of a bailiwick that had its own civil courts, and Kyburg and Grüningen even had their own high courts. Some “external” upper bailiffs were even subordinate to the “foreign” high and blood courts of the Thurgau and Baden bailiffs.

The period after the Reformation ended the stormy phase of the military expansion of the Old Confederation and thus also of the territory of the city of Zurich. Further acquisitions were only made by purchase until 1798, e.g. B. the lordships of Laufen (1544), Wädenswil (1549), Steinegg (1583), Weinfelden and Pfyn (1614), Sax-Forstegg (1615), Neunforn , Wellenberg and Hüttlingen (1693). In the case of the Zurich possessions in the federal bailiffs of Baden and Thurgau, however, only the acquisition of the lower court was successful, so that they did not fall within the actual sovereign territory of the city.

The bailiffs and jurisdictions of Zurich

The administrative structure of the Zurich city-state until 1798
Coat of arms of the imperial city of Zurich, surrounded by the coats of arms of the bailiwicks, from the Murer Plan 1576
The coats of arms of the Outer Bailiwicks on the front page of David Herrliberger's publication on the provincial bailiffs' palaces in Zurich

Inner bailiwicks

The Inner Bailiots were administered by members of the Small Council, who kept their seat in the city. Two senior bailiffs took over from one another on an annual basis with an unlimited term of office. Most of the upper bailiffs were - in contrast to the land bailiffs - rather small in terms of area, some comprised only one municipality. In addition to the city of Zurich, private individuals, noble families as well as the Grossmünsterstift , the Fraumünsterstift , the monasteries Pfäfers , Einsiedeln , Kappel , St. Blasien , Wettingen , Rheinau owned parts of the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Constance as well as the cities of Bremgarten and Zug Tax law or the team law.

The following upper bailiffs were called Inner Bailiwicks. The list follows the contemporary order in the 18th century, the coats of arms follow the representations of the coats of arms used in contemporary maps and coats of arms.

Only temporarily existed:

Outer bailiwicks

The outer bailiwicks were usually occupied by members of the Grand Council. Only Kyburg as the most important bailiwick was temporarily appointed with a member of the Small Council, which, however, left the council for the term of office. In contrast to the upper bailiffs, the bailiffs were obliged to reside in the bailiwick, usually in a specially made castle. The term of office of the bailiffs was six years from 1543. Two senior bailiffs also held office in the Outer Bailiwicks on an annual basis, and the two replacing bailiffs have held collegial office since the 16th century. Their term of office was not limited.

The following Landvogteien and Obervogteien were called Äussere Vogteien. The list follows the contemporary order in the 18th century, the coats of arms follow the representations of the coats of arms used in contemporary maps and coats of arms.

  • Coat of arms of the Vogtei Thurgau.svg Landvogtei Kyburg (includes the high court over the upper bailiffs Laufen, Flaach, Hegi, Altikon)
  • Grueningen-blazon.svg Landvogtei Grüningen (from 1406/16)
  • Eglisau-blazon.svgLandvogtei Eglisau (from 1496)
  • Coats of arms of None.svg Landvogtei Regensberg (1409/17)
  • Andelfingen-blazon.svgLandvogtei Andelfingen (1465–1473 to Landvogtei Kyburg, from 1482 Landvogtei; blood court in Dörflingen until 1770: Lords of Tengen; from 1761 subordinate to the rule of Wülflingen-Buch )
  • Greifensee-blazon.svg Landvogtei Greifensee (from 1402)
  • Knonaueramt-wappen.svg Landvogtei Knonau (from 1512, merger of the former Obervogtei Maschwanden-Freiamt with the judges of Hedingen and Knonau)
  • Waedenswil-blazon.svgLandvogtei Wädenswil (1549/50)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgObervogtei Laufen (from 1540/44, only Lower Court, in the Landvogtei Kyburg)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgObervogtei Steinegg
  • Obervogtei Hegi (from 1587, only Lower Court, part of the Landvogtei Kyburg)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgObervogtei Weinfelden (from 1614, Lower Court, in the common rule of Thurgau)
  • Coat of arms Sax.svg Landvogtei Sax-Forstegg
  • Pfyn-blazon.svgObervogtei Pfyn (from 1614, Lower Court, Higher Jurisdiction: Landgraviate Thurgau)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgObervogtei Neunforn (from 1693, only lower court; high jurisdiction: Landgraviate of Thurgau)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgObervogtei Flaach (from 1694, only Lower Court, part of the Landvogtei Andelfingen)
  • Altikon-blazon.svgObervogtei Wellenberg - Hüttlingen (from 1694, only lower court, high jurisdiction: Landgraviate Thurgau)
  • Altikon-blazon.svgObervogtei Altikon (from 1696, only Lower Court, in the Landvogtei Kyburg)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgObervogtei Stammheim - Steinegg (from 1583, union of Stammheim with rule Steinegg; high jurisdiction: Landgraviate Thurgau)

Jurisdictions outside the bailiwicks

  • Coats of arms of None.svgJurisdiction Wülflingen - Buch (lower and higher jurisdiction: private citizens of Zurich; from 1761 to Landvogtei Andelfingen)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgJurisdiction Uitikon- Nieder- Urdorf (high jurisdiction: Landvogtei Baden, lower jurisdiction: private citizens of Zurich, tax and team law: Zurich)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgJurisdiction Weiningen - Oetwil (high jurisdiction: Landvogtei Baden, lower jurisdiction: private citizens of Zurich, tax and team law: Zurich)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgJurisdiction Kefikon (lower jurisdiction: private citizens of Zurich)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgJurisdiction Lufingen (high jurisdiction: Landvogtei Kyburg, lower jurisdiction: private citizens of Zurich, feudal lord: Zurich)
  • Coats of arms of None.svgJurisdiction Maur (high jurisdiction: Landvogtei Greifensee, lower jurisdiction: private citizens of Zurich)

Other areas belonging to Zurich

  • Wappen Winterthur.svgCity of Winterthur (from 1467 Highness of Zurich) with subject area of Hettlingen
  • Coat of arms Stein am Rhein.pngCity of Stein am Rhein (Highness of Zurich from 1463/84)
    • Ramsen (from 1539 Lower Court, High Court from 1770 near Zurich)
    • Wagenhausen (from 1575 Lower Court; High jurisdiction: Landgraviate of Thurgau)

Gallery of the bailiwick seats of the city state of Zurich

  • Kyburg Castle , residence of the governor of the County of Kyburg

  • Greifensee Castle , residence of the bailiff of the Greifensee rule

  • Grüningen Castle , residence of the bailiff of the Grüningen rule

  • Regensberg Castle , residence of the governor of the Regensberg rule

  • Castle and Markflecken Andelfingen, residence of the bailiff of Andelfingen

Gallery of the court seat of the city state of Zurich

Gallery of the cities in the ruled area of ​​Zurich

  • The municipal town of Winterthur 1642

  • The municipal town of Stein am Rhein with Hohenklingen Castle, 1642

Remarks

  1. ↑ Erwin Eugster: "The development towards a communal territorial state". In: History of the Canton of Zurich, Vol. 1, Early to Late Middle Ages. Werd: Zurich 1995, pp. 298–235; P. 301.
  2. ^ History of the Canton of Zurich, Vol. 2, p. 38f.
  3. ↑ See Ryhiner Collection ( Memento of the original dated May 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zb.unibe.ch
  4. ^ History of the Canton of Zurich, Vol. 2, p. 38f.
  5. ↑ See Ryhiner Collection ( Memento of the original dated May 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zb.unibe.ch

literature

  • History of the Canton of Zurich. Volume 2. Early modern times - 16th to 18th centuries . Werd: Zurich, 1996. ISBN 3-85932-159-5
  • Paul Kläui / Eduard Imhof : Atlas on the history of the canton of Zurich . Published by the Government Council of the Canton of Zurich on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of Zurich joining the Confederation. 1351-1951. Orell Füssli: Zurich 1951.