Mülner (Zurich)
The Mülner family was an influential knight dynasty in Zurich in the 13th and 14th centuries .
family
As indicated by the coat of arms, the Mülner originally worked as employees of the Fraumünster Abbey at one of the mills in Zurich. Later, as officials of the abbey, they had contact with aristocrats in the area, gained respect and quickly rose to the patriciate of the city. The power of the Mülners collapsed mainly because they had alienated themselves from the city and relied on the Habsburgs . For 133 years, at least one family representative was on the council in the city of Zurich.
Rudolf, Hugo and Heinrich (1159–1225)
In 1159 the family with the two brothers Rudolf Mülner and Rudolf appeared for the first time. The brothers are mentioned in three documents in connection with the St. Martin monastery on the Zürichberg until 1172 . Hugo Mülner is also documented, including in 1185 on the occasion of the founding of the Kappel monastery . Hugo died on April 9, 1200. Heinrich is already mentioned as a knight in 1223, again in 1225 as the first of nine citizens who are considered the oldest known council of Zurich. The year numbers mentioned below refer to the documentary entries.
Eberhard (1220-1226)
Eberhard Mülner, possibly a son of Heinrich, appears in 1220 as ministerial of the Fraumünster Abbey and owned his own estate in Ebersol LU. In 1225 he is mentioned as a knight who quarreled with the provost of Embrach for a tithe in the parish of Rorbas . He died on February 14, 1226. Because of the short time in which he is mentioned in documents, he could have died young.
Hugo II (1248-1255)
The following Mülner are better documented, for example the canon at the Grossmünster , Hugo II. Mülner. On November 12, 1248, Pope Innocent IV ordered that Hugo should not be disadvantaged in his benefices because, unlike his relatives, he had always remained loyal to the Church. A little later the Pope confirmed further benefices. Furthermore, he was evidently a mediator between the Pope and his relatives, but on February 12, 1255 Pope Alexander IV confirmed that he agreed to the impunity promised by the Bishop of Constance for the knight Jakob Mülner. The type of relationship is not mentioned, Jakob was probably a brother of Hugo.
Jacob (1242–1287)
Jacobus Molinarius, as it is called in Latin documents, has been attested as Meier of the Abbey in Zurich Stadelhofen since 1242 . Since his initial support for the emperor was increasingly detrimental to him within the tensions between the curia and the emperor, he turned back to the church, probably through the mediation of his brother Hugo II, and became a leading figure in Zurich politics. He received jurisdiction over the villages of Albisrieden and Wiedikon as a fiefdom from the papal barons of Eschenbach-Schnabelburg . To enable the construction of the new Selnau monastery, he sold the Talacker, the area between Bahnhofstrasse and Sihl , to the new monastery , although the area belonged to his fiefdom, Wiedikon. He set the price so low that Rudolf von Habsburg had the sale examined later and demanded additional payment.
1257 Jakob is named as a follower of Hartmann V the Younger from Kyburg . He is also called Jakob de Vriesenberch , where he had apparently received the castle and farm from the Eschenbach family as a fief. He is also mentioned as an arbitrator in a dispute in the entourage of the Bishop of Constance. In 1272 he appears as Reichsvogt in Zurich, whose council he was a member from 1256 to 1286. Jacob died on January 16, 1287.
Jakob Mülner's descendants
Of the descendants of Jakob Mülner and his wife Gertrud, the sons Hugo, Jakob, Eberhard, Rudolf the Elder and Rudolf the Younger are known. The daughter Adelheid later married Heinrich Brun the Younger and thus belongs to the ancestors of the future mayor Rudolf Brun. The family lived in the Mülnerturm on the left side of the Limmat at the Rathausbrücke , the oldest preserved tower in the city.
Rudolf Mülner the Younger (1270–1324) and his descendants
Rudolf had his rights and duties mainly on the left side of Lake Zurich and Limmat. From 1304 to 1322 he sat on the city council of Zurich, in 1318 he was a schoolboy. His first marriage was to Anna von Dättnau , his second wife was called Guta.
Johannes Mülner (1310-1347)
Under the old order, Johannes sat in the council from 1311 to 1336 and after the Brunsche coup until 1346.
Eberhard III. Mülner (1340-1382)
Eberhard III sat from 1340 to 1350. in the Zurich Council. Knighted around 1351, he held the office of mayor in 1352 and then from 1357 until his death on January 13, 1382. He was married to Paula von Kien , daughter of the Thun mayor Johannes I. von Kien. The first chronicle of the city of Zurich comes from him, but it has no longer survived.
Rudolf Mülner the Elder (1259–1317) and his descendants
The chronicler Johannes von Winterthur reports that Rudolf the Elder Rudolf von Habsburg is said to have saved his life in an argument during the Regensberg feud . The New Year's Gazette of the City of Zurich from 1776 reports on it and shows how he was received by King Rudolf in Mainz in 1275.
From 1288 to 1317 he sat on the council for the Constaffel , became a knight in 1276 and was imperial bailiff in 1293/94. In the three-year protective alliance between Uri and Schwyz and Zurich on October 16, 1291, he was the confidante of central Switzerland. His wife Agnes came from the Hünenberger family . Rudolf the Elder died on February 6, 1317.
Götz I. Mülner (1291–1336)
The name Gottfried (Götz) came into the family through the Hünenberg family: Gottfried von Hünenberg was the godfather of Götz I. In 1291 he is first attested as a canon at the Grossmünster , where he resigned, however, because in 1320 he became the lord of Friedberg Castle near Meilen called and married Anna von Fridingen . In 1321 the controversial Götz was excluded from Zurich's citizenship and apparently seemed to have come to an agreement with the Zurich citizens again, because from 1325 to 1335 he sat on the council. Gradually he came into the possession of numerous bailiwicks , which, however, had previously been owned by his ancestors. Some were previously fiefs of the abbey, others now appeared as imperial fiefs, which he had received out of gratitude for the services rendered to the emperor and the empire: between 1320 and 1333 these were Wiedikon, Stadelhofen, Witikon, Zumikon with Waltikon and Gössikon as well as Zollikon and Küsnacht and Goldbach .
This created an almost contiguous territory on the lower Lake Zurich. Götz I seems to have appointed an Ammann to administer his property and to exercise lower jurisdiction, several documents mention Berchtold the Mülner Ammann or, as on April 5, 1322, Berchtolde, minem ammann, who judges miner instead of ze sat . The seat of the Ammann and room for the taxes from the Vogteil was probably the "Höchhus" in Küsnacht. It is unclear whether the Mülners built the house for this purpose. But it is quite conceivable that the "Höchhus" was built on the site of Wulp Castle , which was destroyed in the Regensberg feud , and that the Mülners received the Regensberg bailiffs .
Götz I. Mülner is also assigned an important, if not leading, role in the preparations for the Brunsche coup, which, however, he no longer lived to see; he died on August 3, 1336. He was married to Anna von Friedingen. Of his six children, Jakob, Rudolf and Heinrich entered the clergy, two daughters married the gentlemen of Goldenberg and Tettingen. About the estate of Götz I. Mülner one was Urbar created.
Götz II. Mülner (1342-1383)
With Götz II, married to Margareta von Hallwyl since 1342, the Mülners made the transition from Zurich to the Habsburgs . Between 1364 and 1356 he was still represented in the Zurich council. Besides the powerful Rudolf Brun, he probably saw no further opportunities for advancement; Rather, he saw these in the Habsburg family. In 1359 he received the castle hat from the Duke of Austria over Rapperswil and became bailiff over Glarus , which had fallen back to Habsburg. In 1362 he signed a service contract with the Duke, in 1370 he took over Pfäffikon and Wollerau , and in 1377 he appeared as Austrian Vogt in Aargau , Thurgau and in the Black Forest . Presumably he received some of these tasks instead of payment and therefore compensated him in some other way - or because Mülner helped him out with loans. This was most likely the case for the fiefs of Andreas Castle near Cham , customs near Brugg and the Freiamt . It seems as if the Duke wanted to give him the area that drove a wedge between the Confederations and Zurich between Lake Zug and Albis , although Zurich had been part of the Confederation since 1351.
In 1379 he became Hofmeister to Duke Leopold , at the same time his daughter Anna was married to Rüdiger Manesse in Zurich . In 1377/78 Götz II was at the court of Burgundy in order to mediate in a planned marriage between Burgundy and Habsburg, which did not materialize.
Götz II led an elaborate life for which new funds had to be made available. The city of Zurich also benefited from this by selling Götz Zollikon, Trichtenhausen and Stadelhofen in 1357. Götz sold the rights to the castle and town of Rapperswil to the Count of Toggenburg. Götz II died on November 30, 1383.
Götz III. Mülner (1383-1386)
Götz III. had practically no connections to Zurich, as he probably grew up at the court of Duke Leopold. Shortly after the death of his father he received all fiefdoms from Leopold. On June 1, 1384, he sold to the city of Zurich the imperial feuds Küsnacht and Goldbach, which had been given to his father in 1372 by Emperor Charles IV and confirmed by the Roman-German King Wenzel in 1379, thereby helping Zurich to develop into a territorial state. Götz III. fell on the side of the Habsburgs in the battle of Sempach on July 9, 1386. His name and coat of arms are depicted in the battle chapel. He was buried together with the fallen Duke Leopold and other knights in Königsfelden , where his stone grave tablet has been preserved in the monastery church; he can also be found among the knights painted on the church wall. His heiresses were his aunts Anna Manesse-Mülner, the widow of the mayor Rüdiger Manesse and Verena Schellenberg-Mülner.
Certificate of granting the imperial fiefs from King Wenceslas
Götz III. fights in the battle of Sempach
Mülner's coat of arms in the Sempach battle chapel
literature
- Franz X. Wöber: The Mülner von Zürich and their fall , Vienna 1898
- Sigmund Widmer: Zurich, a cultural history , volumes 2 and 3, Zurich 1972
- Küsnachter Jahresblätter 1966, contribution by Hans Kläui
- Küsnachter Jahresblätter 1967, contribution by Paul Etter
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ernst Schweikert: The German, noble families of the Bernese Oberland up to the middle of the 14th century , a contribution to the development history of the estates in the Middle Ages, inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universität Bonn, Bonn 1911. Family tree.
- ^ Georg von Wyß: Mülner, Eberhard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1885, p. 710 f.
- ↑ Höchhus