Canton of Schwyz
Canton of Schwyz | |
---|---|
coat of arms | |
Canton of the Swiss Confederation | |
Abbreviation / license plate : | SZ |
Official language : | German |
Main town : | Schwyz |
Largest place : | Freienbach |
Accession to the federal government : | 1291 |
Area : | 907.88 km² |
Height range : | 404–2800 m above sea level M. |
Website: | www.sz.ch |
population | |
Residents: | 159,165 (December 31, 2018) |
Population density : | 175 inhabitants per km² |
Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship ) |
20.2% (December 31, 2015) |
Unemployment rate : | 1.9% (December 31, 2015) |
Location of the canton in Switzerland | |
Map of the canton | |
Municipalities of the canton | |
Coordinates: 47 ° 3 ' N , 8 ° 42' E ; CH1903: 695,842 / 211767
Schwyz ([ ʃviːts ], Swiss German Schwyz , French Schwytz or Schwyz , Italian Svitto , Romansh ) is a canton in German-speaking Switzerland and is part of the greater Central Switzerland region and the metropolitan region of Zurich . The main town is the municipality of the same name Schwyz , the most populous place is Freienbach .
Surname
The canton is named after its capital, Schwyz .
Since the canton of Schwyz was the most important of the three original Swiss cantons , its name was soon generalized to the entire Swiss Confederation . The form Switzerland , which was transferred into New High German (with the typically non-Alemannic diphthong ), subsequently became the common name for the state throughout the German-speaking area; the native form (as in Middle High German without diphthong), however, was adopted into French as Suisse . The Schwyzer and Swiss flags , on the other hand, were created independently of each other.
geography
The canton of Schwyz is located in central Switzerland between Lake Zug , Lake Lucerne and Lake Zurich and borders the seven cantons of Uri , Glarus , St. Gallen , Zurich , Zug , Lucerne and Nidwalden . Most of it belongs to the Schwyz Pre-Alps , part of the Central Switzerland Pre-Alps . A small part in the south-east belongs to the Glarus Alps (or, according to another division, to the Schwyzer Alps ). The summit of Bös Fulen ( 2801.8 m ), the highest point in the canton, is located on the canton border . Less than a kilometer southwest of Bös Fulen is the Grisset ( 2721 m , also called Guet Fulen ), the highest peak that lies entirely in the canton of Schwyz.
population
The inhabitants of the canton are called Schwyzers . As of December 31, 2018, the population of the Canton of Schwyz was 159,165. The population density of 175 inhabitants per square kilometer is below the Swiss average (207 inhabitants per square kilometer). The proportion of foreigners (registered residents without Swiss citizenship ) was 20.2 percent on December 31, 2015, while 24.6 percent were registered nationwide. As of December 31, 2015, the unemployment rate was 1.9 percent compared to 3.7 percent at the federal level.
languages
Official language and other languages
The official language in the canton of Schwyz is German . In 2012, 89.6 percent of the population named German and 2.8 percent of the population Italian as their main language. No information was given on the other official Swiss languages, French and Romansh . 3.8 percent said English was their main language.
Dialects
The German dialects widespread in the canton are, with the exception of the Höfe district , whose dialect is close to Zurich German , to Höchst Alemannic . Middle High German long / iː /, / üː / and / uː / have also been preserved in the hiat and in the wording and not only in the interior of the word as in High Alemannic , so it means something like schnyyä [ʃniːæ] «snow», nüü [nyː] « new », buuä [buːæ] « build ». Schwyzerisch differs from the neighboring High Alemannic dialects in the south and west in that it lacks rounding and rounding , for example Baum [bæʊ̯m] «tree» and Müüs [myːs] «mice», not Boüm [bɔʏ̯m] and Myys [miːs] like in Uri. Schwyzerdeutsch differs from the neighboring High Alemannic in the east by the stretching of Middle High German / a /, / æ / and / ë / in open syllables, so like in Uri one says Naasä [nɑːsæ] "Nase", not Nasä [nɑsæ] as in Glarus. Characteristic for parts of the Schwyz dialect is the expansion of long (also secondary elongated and secondary dull) / eː /, / oː / and / öː / to / ei /, / ou / and / öü /, for example Schnei [ʃneɪ̯] «snow », Schöün [ʃøʏ̯n] « beautiful »and Broud [broʊ̯d] « bread ». The dulling of Old High German / aː / that has occurred in almost the entire German-speaking area is only known in the canton of Schwyz in its northern regions; so in the district of Höfe Òòbig [ɔːbɪg] and in conjunction with the aforementioned expansion in the districts of Einsiedeln and March Oubig [ɔʊ̯bɪg] , otherwise Aabet [ɑːbət] «evening» as well as in the other highest Alemannic neighborhood.
nationality
Country | Share in percent |
---|---|
Switzerland | 81.37 |
Germany | 4.29 |
Serbia | 2.22 |
Italy | 2.12 |
Kosovo | 1.29 |
Portugal | 0.84 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.80 |
Croatia | 0.79 |
North Macedonia | 0.66 |
Turkey | 0.65 |
Austria | 0.59 |
Sri Lanka | 0.51 |
Religions - denominations
Like all cantons in Central Switzerland, the canton of Schwyz is traditionally Catholic. In 2018, 60.2 percent (95,794 inhabitants) of the entire Schwyz resident population were members of the Roman Catholic Church and 11.6 percent (18,390 inhabitants) belonged to the Evangelical Reformed Church (100 percent: 159,165 Residents).
Since the 2000 census , there are no more precise numbers of members of other religious communities (besides the two regional churches ) for the total population of the Canton of Schwyz. However, the Federal Statistical Office carries out sample surveys in which other religious communities in the canton are also recorded. In the 2017 sample survey, almost a third of respondents aged 15 and over in the canton of Schwyz stated that they did not belong to either of the two regional churches. In addition, according to the survey, the religious affiliation of the various population groups differs significantly, depending on nationality or origin:
religion | Total of all respondents |
Swiss State ality |
Swiss people without a migration background |
Swiss with a migration background |
Foreign heads of state ality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Christianity | 75 | 82 | 86 | 60 | 47 |
- Roman Catholic Church | 60 | 68 | 72 | 36 | 31 |
- Evangelical Reformed Church | 10 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 6th |
- other Christian churches | 5 | 3 | 2 | 15th | 10 |
Islam | 5 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 19th |
other religions | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
non-denominational | 18th | 15th | 14th | 25th | 29 |
no information | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Religious community | Residents absolutely |
Share in percent |
---|---|---|
Roman Catholic | 92,868 | 72.20 |
evangelical reformed | 15'140 | 11.80 |
non-denominational | 6,331 | 4.90 |
Islamic communities | 5,598 | 4.35 |
without specification | 3,752 | 2.92 |
orthodox | 2,758 | 2.14 |
Protestant free churches | 724 | 0.56 |
hindu associations | 429 | 0.33 |
New Apostolic Church | 343 | 0.27 |
Buddhist associations | 272 | 0.21 |
Jehovah's Witnesses | 177 | 0.14 |
other Christian communities | 136 | 0.11 |
other religious communities | 62 | 0.05 |
Jewish community | 51 | 0.04 |
Christian Catholic Church | 46 | 0.04 |
Evangelical Methodist Church | 17th | 0.01 |
total | 128,704 | 100.00 |
The canton of Schwyz was one of the five inner Catholic mountain cantons that took part in the two Kappel Wars . As a result of the second Kappel peace treaty, no members of other denominations were allowed to live in the canton of Schwyz. It was not until the Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of September 12, 1848 that freedom of religion and freedom of residence was guaranteed.
With the “Constitution of the Swiss Confederation Schwyz” of June 11, 1876, complete religious freedom was introduced , including for non-Christian religions.
The Catholic Church remained the only recognized religious community (state church) for the Canton of Schwyz until 1957. On September 27, 1992, the citizens of the Canton of Schwyz agreed to a reorganization of the relationship between churches and state. They spoke out in favor of a separation of tasks and the creation of two denominational cantonal churches. Both these and the parishes are independent of the canton and the parishes in terms of financial and tax law.
Roman Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church is numerically the largest denominational community in the canton of Schwyz. The Roman Catholic Cantonal Church of Schwyz was founded in 1998. It belongs to the diocese of Chur . The Benedictine monastery in Einsiedeln , which was founded in the High Middle Ages, has great international appeal .
Evangelical Reformed Church
Today (as of 2013) 18,683 Reformed people live in the canton of Schwyz, which corresponds to around twelve percent of the population. It is 15.9 percent in Ausserschwyz , which is oriented towards Zurich and which had the first Reformed settlers as early as 1830. In Innerschwyz only 7.7 percent of the population is Reformed. The first Evangelical Reformed parish was founded in the March district in 1868. The Siebnen Church was consecrated in 1878. In 1886 the first reformed pastor was employed in Brunnen. This development was significantly supported by the Protestant Church Aid Association of the Canton of Zurich, which saw its task in promoting Protestant religious life in the diaspora .
The recognition of the six evangelical reformed parishes as a public corporation with the right to collect taxes took place with the cantonal council resolution of October 1957. The establishment of an evangelical reformed canton church took place in 1998. The evangelical reformed canton church Schwyz comprises six evangelical reformed parishes.
Free churches and other Christian communities
founding
- New Apostolic Church Lachen, 1931
- New Apostolic Church Immensee, 1961
- FEG Höfe Wilen, 1977
- FEG March, 1979
- Chrischona Arth-Goldau, 1984
- FEG Einsiedeln, 1987
- Chrischona Brunnen-Schwyz, 1986
Constitution and Politics
The current cantonal constitution is dated November 24, 2010 and was adopted in the referendum on May 15, 2011. It replaced the previous, often amended constitution of 1898.
legislative branch
The legislative body ( legislature ) is the Cantonal Council with 100 members. These are elected by the people for four years in accordance with proportional representation, with each municipality forming an electoral district.
Constitutional amendments, legislative enactments or amendments, as well as spending resolutions on one-off expenditures of more than five million francs or annually recurring expenditures of more than 500,000 francs that have been approved by less than three quarters of the cantonal councils taking part in the final vote are subject to the Popular vote ( compulsory referendum ), the other legislative enactments and amendments if requested by 1,000 voters ( optional referendum ). The people themselves can propose constitutional and legal amendments if 2,000 eligible voters support a proposal to that effect ( popular initiative ).
In the elections to the Cantonal Council, the parties received the following number of seats:
Political party | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Share of voters in percent | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Swiss People's Party (SVP) | 12 | 20th | 27 | 41 | 35 | 33 | 33 | ||
Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP) | 46 | 43 | 34 | 29 | 29 | 27 | 24 | ||
FDP.The Liberals (FDP) | 29 | 26th | 24 | 21st | 23 | 22nd | 20th | ||
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) | 11 | 11 | 15th | 9 | 10 | 15th | 17th | ||
Green Liberal Party (GLP) | - | - | - | - | 0 | 3 | 6th | ||
Various | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - |
The Canton of Schwyz sends two representatives to the Council of States and four representatives to the National Council for the Federal Assembly .
executive
The highest executive or executive body ( executive ) is the government council , the seven members of which are directly elected by the people according to the majority election for a fixed term of four years. The Landammann holds the presidency for two years, his deputy is the provincial governor .
After the general renewal elections in 2020, the SVP will continue to have three, the CVP two and the FDP two government councilors. The government councilors René Bünter (SVP) and Othmar Reichmuth (CVP, new Council of States ) did not stand for re-election. The SP has not been represented in the government since 2012. Petra Steimen-Rickenbacher (FDP) has been a member of the government council again since 2012. From 2020 to 2022 she will be the second wife of the Landammann, the state governor is André Rüegsegger (SVP).
On July 1, 2008, the government council revised the executive order on the tasks and structure of the departments and the state chancellery and put it into effect. On March 28, 2007, the Cantonal Council approved an amendment to the Organizational Ordinance, paving the way for a new departmental structure.
Government Council | function | Political party | department |
---|---|---|---|
Petra Steimen-Rickenbacher | Mrs. Landammann 1 | FDP | Department of the Interior |
André Rüegsegger | Provincial governor 1 | SVP | Building department |
Andreas Barraud | Government Council | SVP | Department of Economic Affairs |
Kaspar Michel | Government Council | FDP | Finance Department |
Michael Stahli | Government Council | CVP | Education Department |
Herbert Huwiler | Government Council | SVP | Security Department |
Sandro Patierno | Government Council | CVP | Environment Department |
The government council is supported by the state clerk Mathias Brun (independent).
Judiciary
The law ( judicial ) is in second instance at right Cantonal level by the Cantonal and the administrative court applied. The district courts , the cantonal criminal and juvenile court and the compulsory measures court form the first legal instance. The mediators located at the municipal level (called justice of the peace in other cantons) are upstream of the district courts as arbitration authorities.
Parishes, counties and corporations
In the canton of Schwyz, both the communes and, unlike in most other Swiss cantons, the districts are autonomous self-governing units. While the municipalities also have their own sphere of activity that is independent of the canton, the districts only perform those tasks that cantonal law assigns to them. Both municipalities and districts have the right to tax; they set their own taxes. The district of Schwyz is the only district in the canton that still has a rural municipality where the district council and the district court are elected, the budget is discussed, the bill is accepted and the business matters are discussed in advance at the ballot box.
The Roman Catholic and Protestant Reformed parishes , which each form within the respective cantonal church , are also recognized under public law .
The traditional corporations are also recognized under public law. In contrast to many other cantons, there are no civil parishes in the canton of Schwyz.
economy
In 2011 the gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant was 58,657 Swiss francs . In 2012, there were 76,119 employees in the canton of Schwyz, of which 4,559 were in the primary (primary production) , 20,465 in the secondary (industry) and 51,095 in the tertiary sector (services) . In 2012, 14,142 workplaces were counted in the canton (of which 1,749 in the primary, 2,351 in the secondary and 10,042 in the tertiary sector). The unemployment rate amounted at 31 December 2015 1.9 percent compared to 3.7 percent at the federal level.
story
Administrative division
Political communities
The largest municipalities as of December 31, 2018 are listed below:
Political community | Residents |
---|---|
Freienbach | 16'391 |
Einsiedeln | 15,870 |
Schwyz | 15,181 |
Küssnacht | 13,087 |
Arth | 11,985 |
Schübelbach | 9250 |
Ingenbohl | 8913 |
Laugh | 8752 |
Wollerau | 7255 |
Altendorf | 7083 |
Districts
The canton of Schwyz is divided into 6 districts and 30 communities , with the districts of Einsiedeln , Küssnacht and Gersau each consisting only of the community of the same name.
district | Residents | Communities |
---|---|---|
Schwyz | 55,382 | Schwyz , Arth , Ingenbohl , Muotathal , Steinen , Sattel , Rothenthurm , Oberiberg , Unteriberg , Lauerz , Steinerberg , Morschach , Alpthal , Illgau , Riemenstalden |
Einsiedeln | 15,870 | Einsiedeln |
Gersau | 2319 | Gersau |
Yards | 28,909 | Wollerau , Freienbach , Feusisberg |
Küssnacht | 13,087 | Küssnacht |
March | 43,598 | Lachen , Altendorf , Galgenen , Vorderthal , Innerthal , Schübelbach , Tuggen , Wangen , Reichenburg |
Web links
Further content in the sister projects of Wikipedia:
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- Official website of the Canton of Schwyz
- Official statistics
- Oliver Landolt, Kaspar Michel, Erwin Horat: Schwyz (Canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Link catalog on the subject of the Canton of Schwyz at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
References and comments
- ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
- ↑ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 26, 2016, accessed on May 31, 2017 .
- ^ The situation on the job market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
- ↑ The spelling with tz is used by the Guide du Typographe romand and is therefore often found.
- ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
- ↑ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 26, 2016, accessed on May 31, 2017 .
- ↑ a b The situation on the labor market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
- ↑ a b key figures. Schwyz. (No longer available online.) Federal Statistical Office (FSO), archived from the original on August 26, 2015 ; accessed on August 15, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cf. Stefan M. Fuchs: The dialect of the Canton of Schwyz. Historical, linguistic and semantic aspects of the dialect of the Canton of Schwyz (= contributions to Swiss-German dialect research. Volume 22). Huber, Frauenfeld 1975; Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : On the linguistic position and structure of Central Switzerland. In: Ders .: The linguistic landscapes of German-speaking Switzerland (= linguistic landscape. Volume 1). Edited by Niklaus Bigler and Robert Schläpfer. Sauerländer, Aarau / Frankfurt am Main / Salzburg 1984, pp. 237-292; specific to Schwyz pp. 277-286; Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland . Volumes 1-8. Francke, Bern / Basel 1962–1997.
- ↑ Resident population by nationality and municipality, 2010. (PDF; 57 kB) (No longer available online.) Office for Economic Affairs (Schwyz), September 13, 2011, archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; accessed on August 15, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ SPI St. Gallen: Church membership in the Roman Catholic and Evangelical Reformed Church by cantons (2018) | Table 1.4. 2020, accessed April 29, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Since 2010, the data from the Federal Statistical Office on religious communities in the canton of Schwyz have been based on a sample survey for which people aged 15 and over are surveyed. It should be noted that the results of the surveys have a confidence interval. (See also Population Census in Switzerland # Structural Survey .) Since the last census in 2000, there have been no figures on the religious affiliation of the total population (of all ages) in the canton of Schwyz. Exceptions are the Roman Catholic and Evangelical Reformed Churches ( regional churches ), whose members are officially registered on the basis of church tax .
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office: Permanent resident population aged 15 and over by religious affiliation and canton, 2017 | Excel table. 2019, accessed April 29, 2020 .
- ↑ Federal Population Census 2000 - Religious Landscape in Switzerland. (PDF; 640 kB) (No longer available online.) Federal Statistical Office (FSO), December 2004, archived from the original on November 16, 2013 ; accessed on August 15, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Constitution of the Canton of Schwyz. Federal Council , November 24, 2010, accessed on August 15, 2015 .
- ↑ Cantonal elections 2016. (cfm) (No longer available online.) Canton Schwyz, March 20, 2016, archived from the original on April 9, 2016 ; Retrieved April 9, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cantonal elections on March 22, 2020. (cfm) Canton Schwyz, March 22, 2020, accessed on May 14, 2016 .
- ^ Government Council. State Chancellery Schwyz, accessed on July 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .