Rothenthurm SZ
| SZ is the abbreviation for the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland and is used to avoid confusion with other entries of the name Rothenthurm . |
| Rothenthurm | |
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| State : |
 Switzerland
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| Canton : |
 Schwyz (SZ)
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| District : | Schwyz |
| BFS no. : | 1370 |
| Postal code : | 6418 |
| Coordinates : | 693 859 / 217846 |
| Height : | 925 m above sea level M. |
| Height range : | 870–1559 m above sea level M. |
| Area : | 22.75 km² |
| Residents: | 2411 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 106 inhabitants per km² |
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Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship ) |
14.4% (December 31, 2,016) |
| Website: | www.rothenthurm.ch |
 Rothenthurm |
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| Location of the municipality | |
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Rothenthurm is a municipality in the Schwyz district of the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland .
geography
Rothenthurm , the high valley of the beavers , is located in the foothills of the Alps on the Schwyz - Pfäffikon SZ traffic axis . In Biberegg is the watershed , which flows south Steiner Aa by stones in the Lauerzersee and north of Schoren Bach and Biber. Often there is ground fog, called Bibäränäbel or Näfel. Because of the peat extraction on the local raised bog until 50 years ago, the locals are often referred to as Turpägüsler . During the last two ice ages, the Muota / Reuss glacier almost completely covered Rothenthurm and had two branches that reached as far as Unterägeri and the Äusseren Altmatt. There the glacier tongues of the Reuss and Linth / Rheingletscher merged , between Bibersteg and the epidemic cross north of the Äusseren Altmatt, the moraine across the valley is still clearly visible. Also southeast of Ratens , the pass crossing between Oberägeri and Biberbrugg, R. Frei found heavily solidified gravel with scratched rolls. Since these Verrucano crags lead, the Linth / Rheingletscher must have advanced vigorously in the late rift into the valley drained by the Biber and prevented the Muota / Reuss glacier advancing via Rothenthurm from advancing further against Biberbrugg.
In Biberbrugg the Biber flows into the Alp towards the Sihltal .
The area of the municipality covers 2,282 hectares, of which 864 hectares are forest, 1,340 hectares of meadows and pastures. The station is 923 m above sea level. M. An area designation from 1876 notes: "Of the 2 hours long and 1 hour wide mountain valley, at most 1 tenth part is private property, the remaining 9 tenth parts are owned by the Oberalmig." In 1848 a large part of the lands of the Oberalmig were allocated to the newly founded Comrades Rothenthurm. In the later years various "reed sites and gardens" were sold to private community owners.
Surname
Rothenthurm
The Letziturm , built in 1323, gave the place name Rothenthurm. First mentioned in a document in 1487 near the rothen thurn or in 1553 endertt the thuren . Today you can hear the local name Turä or Turä obä in the vernacular .
The high valley of the beaver was initially reached and cleared by the Alemanni from stones over the Rossberg , Sattel , and later used as a common and summer pasture for cattle breeding. Since 40% of the locals are called Schuler, nicknames such as s Franzä Heiris , dä Hosäbantönel , s Lindänöldels , s Wiisälis , s Schniider Mauris , s Rösis , s Seybä , s Träärs , s Bläsis were formed .
Altmatt
In 1018, the Allmeind and Wald altun Matta (today Altmatt) were given to the Einsiedeln monastery as part of a donation from Heinrich II . The old country of Schwyz laid claim to this common cause, and there was a dispute that lasted for years. Around 1310, the Letzimauer was built across the valley to protect it. The two towers, west and east at the end of the wall, were not built until 1323. Today only the tower with an archway between the Adler and Kreuz restaurants remains and is part of the Rothenthurm townscape. The centuries-old March dispute was ended by the arbitration ruling of Thuringia von Attinghausen (Abbot of Disentis ) on February 8, 1350. The Allmeind Altmatt was awarded to the old state of Schwyz.
The first known area designation from the year 1310 is the Altmatt an die mur zu Alunmatta (the old mat near the Letzimauer) or later also altun Matta (the old mat, which has always been used, belonging to the original area of use, an area that is opposite to others , such as new cleared areas, has long been used as a mat.) 1675 one reads about an an di forder alt Mat or the little old Matt . Later came the division into an outer, middle and inner Altmatt .
In Altmatt, the construction of a weapons field for the Swiss Army was planned, which in the 1980s led to controversial discussions across the country about landscape protection . Finally, in 1987 the "Federal People's Initiative" to protect the moors - Rothenthurm Initiative "was adopted . Since then, the area has been protected as a raised bog of national importance, and the weapons field project can no longer be implemented.
Biberegg
The name first appeared in 1399 at Biberegg or in 1552 zbiberegg . The hamlet of Biberegg is named after the Biber river and was initially more populated than Rothenthurm.
The beaver spring is located at the Saturdayern at 1300 m above sea level. M. and flows south towards Ruchegg. Below the Ruchegg, at approx. 1200 m above sea level. M. , it first appears as a small trickle and flows there west as a beaver. It unites at 1170 m above sea level. M. , above the Eigen , with the Schläukbach. From there it flows further west and unites with the Schmidenenbach. Then it flows at an acute angle to the north.
history
The Ulminer brothers and the Werner Imfeld family are mentioned as the first settlers in Rothenthurm in 1300. After the Letzi was built, a small branch immediately formed on the Schwyz side. The population of Rothenthurm was given around 1655 as 140 souls. The Stadler and Gasser families dominated the town back then.
Development 1933–2011
In the spring of 1933 the first public water supply system was put into operation. The first efforts for this began as early as 1925. After a long ordeal, with resistance from the population and with a cassation complaint, the project was only approved at the third attempt in 1931.
In 1975 the newly built school building with gym and the first indoor swimming pool in Canton Schwyz was inaugurated. The Mösli wastewater treatment plant was put into operation in 1977. In 1983 the civil defense system of the communities Rothenthurm and Sattel was built.
At the parish vote in 1992, the application for church renovation was approved. This took place between 1993 and 1995.
In 1998 the new municipal administration building with an integrated fire station was inaugurated. At the same time, the completion of the intermediate block with underpass at the train station was celebrated.
From 1990 onwards the Schooshang was gradually built over and provided a boost for development. Since 1998 the Roman Catholic parish has been a separate body with all rights and obligations.
In December 2004 the stops of the “ Voralpen-Express ” in Rothenthurm were canceled, on the grounds that the train was delayed because of these stops. The omitted train stops are compensated by a bus. Rothenthurm station has not been manned since 2006/07. Since 2011 the Voralpen-Express has stopped in Rothenthurm instead of in Sattel.
Horn and claw quarrel
From 1833 to 1847, the Swiss canton parishes met on the first Sunday in May for the rural parish on the Altmatt. The place behind the Gasthaus Schäfli is still called the Landsgemeindeplatz today. On May 6, 1838, the so-called Horen- und Klauen - controversy broke out in the Landsgemeinde ("Prügellandsgemeinde") . Already at the election of the tellers, one of around 10,000 Schwyzers from all districts, visited, degenerated into a violent brawl. Above all, the small farmers and craftsmen who owned small cattle (claw men) were dissatisfied, they fought for more justice towards the large cattle owners (horn men).
Churchmates
The church members from Rothenthurm, Sattel and Steinerberg belonged to the Steinen church until they were separated. The community of Sattel with the Rothenthurm branch became independent in 1598. As early as 1774, the Rothenthurmers' desire to separate from the parish of Sattel and to establish their own parish had become more and more urgent. The approval for an independent parish of Rothenthurm is dated July 3, 1776. After this separation, the boundaries of the parishes were definitely determined. At that time the community of Rothenthurm had about 350 inhabitants. The third chapel in Rothenthurm mentioned in a document, built by Governor Josef Anton Stadler , was inaugurated in 1721. From 1776 the chapel, with seating for 200 people, was recognized as the parish church of Rothenthurm. In 1780, the Grosse Wirtschaft, on the site of today's rectory, was destroyed by flames. The newly built building initially served as an inn and post office, as well as a sust on the ground floor , and from 1897 as a parsonage. In 1860 the community already had 913 inhabitants.
At the parish assembly of 1864 it was decided to build the current parish church. At the same meeting, the application for a new school building was approved. Priority was given to church construction when construction began in 1873. At that time the community already had over 1000 inhabitants. From the protocols of that time it can be seen that a further growth of the population was expected. The new building was accordingly generous, even a shoe (approx. 30 cm) larger than the parish church of the canton's capital Schwyz. All residents were obliged to do labor because there was very little money. Refusal to do compulsory labor was punished with large fines. On August 7, 1892, the church was consecrated, although the construction work was not yet completed. After a long period of construction, today's parish church was consecrated on November 11, 1940. The first schoolhouse in Rothenthurm was also built between 1902 and 1904 under the direction of Pastor Laurenz Röllin.
Battle in Rothenthurm
In the struggle of the central Swiss cantons of Uri, Schwyz, Zug and Nidwalden against the reorganization enforced by France in the Helvetic Republic , the battle in Rothenthurm took place on May 2, 1798 . After Landammann Alois Josef Fridolin Reding von Biberegg had beaten back the French on the Schindellegi , he retired to the Rothenthurm plain and there, reinforced by a second battalion from Schwyzer and the Landsturm , which was cheered on by Capuchin Paul Styger, awaited the numbers far stronger French under General Freyssinet. So the Schwyz were able to repel the invading and in number far stronger French on the Altmatt. Despite this victory, the Schwyzians finally adopted the new Helvetic constitution.
economy
Agriculture shaped the employment of the ancestors. But since there was little to be made from farming in the mountain area, many of them had to work as woodcutters, field workers, carters, etc. on the side. At that time, the sale of goods from nature such as mushrooms or flowers was also very important.
Before 1900 only sawmills, a mill and inns were non-farming businesses. The construction of the southeast railway around 1890/91 was a welcome branch of the economy. From the end of the 19th century the exploitation of peat "Turpnä" (which is why the Rothenthurmers are also called Turpägüsler by some people) was a good alternative to agriculture for part of the village population and entrepreneurs from the region. In winter people were busy with the «ischa». In 1901 the cooperative built two dams in the lower village for the ice ponds. A pond was also built in the outer Altmatt. In autumn, before the great cold came, the dams were closed and the water of the beavers (in the Äusseren Altmatt the Chlauserenbach) flooded the swampy terrain until a lake was formed. As soon as the ice cover was thick enough (approx. 20 to 30 cm), ice harvesting began. The ice blocks were delivered to the breweries and butchers by train, the ice from the pond in the outer Altmatt was transported by horse to the Wädenswil brewery. In the winter of 1959/60, ice was won for the last time in Rothenthurm.
The women and children were busy making cane furniture, straw hats, baskets, etc. Silk weaving was also a necessary source of income. Most of the work was done in groups and at home as homework. During the First and Second World Wars , the meadows and pastures were largely used for planting potatoes and grain. After the war years, the economy flourished in all areas. The cattle trade increased, and small wagons became major woodworking companies. But also building trade, metal and cardboard processing, car trade, clothing industry and service companies provide jobs in the village.
If the snow conditions are sufficient, a ski lift and a children's ski lift are operated in Rothenthurm. If there is enough snow, Rothenthurm has over 25 kilometers of prepared trails for cross-country skiers over the high moor, and winter hiking trails are also available. With global warming , however, there is less and less snow, which makes it impossible to prepare trails.
Attractions
Parish Church of St. Antonius
The parish church of St. Antonius is one of the most striking places of worship in the canton of Schwyz. The foundation stone was laid in 1873. After a long period of construction, today's parish church was consecrated on November 11, 1940. The size of the church with the towering steeple and the colored inscriptions on the roof are striking (on the north side: “Sanct Antonius, pray for us.”, On the south side: “ MAR , IHS , ESOP ”). The wooden altars and the spacious windows are particularly valuable and worth seeing, and they come into their own when the sun projects the wonderful colors into the interior of the church.
The carvings on the choir stalls and benches as well as the wooden apostle figures are also to be assessed as artistic craftsmanship. The restoration from 1993/94 restored the discreet colors in white and gray. The mighty chandelier of Napoleon III. from the monastery church Einsiedeln today divides the wide area in an advantageous way.
Letziturm
The Letziturm, a landmark of Rothenthurm, is an inseparable part of the townscape. The fortifications that were built before the Morgarten War sealed off the valley over a length of 450 meters. The tower with the red roof, which was built around 1323, still stands as a witness. What the curtain wall was to the city dwellers, the letzins were to the inhabitants of the original cantons.
Biberegg
The hamlet of Biberegg was the ancestral home of the von Reding Biberegg family. As small as the town of Biberegg is, it has a very significant history behind it that goes back to the early Middle Ages. At the site of today's chapel, 300 meters south of the watershed, a castle is said to have stood a long time ago. The foundation walls and cellar of the castle could be deduced from the ruins of very old origins and large dimensions in 1610. The governor of Schwyz, Wolfgang Dietrich von Reding Biberegg, suggested in 1679 that a chapel be built on the site of the old castle tower in Biberegg. The foundation stone was laid in the same year. The Loreto Chapel was inaugurated on November 5, 1701. The beneficiary house and the Loreto chapel are still owned by the von Reding Biberegg family foundation. The hamlet of Biberegg (Loreto chapel, beneficiary house and two council houses) is under heritage protection and is included in the "Inventory of protected places of national importance".
At Pentecost 1930 a cross was erected above the village on a small forest height. The place was also intended as a resting place with a view of the village. The forest clearing with the wooden cross on a harrow gave the name Kreuzegg . In the same year a Brother Clause Chapel was built on this site . This forest chapel was built under the direction of pastor Martin Bruhin and teacher Dobler together with the workers' association and the boys from 4th to 6th primary class in bondage .
Personalities
- Joseph Anton Stadler (1661–1708), politician and opposition leader
- Chrysostomos Stadler (1665–1721), Benedictine priest
literature
- Linus Birchler : The art monuments of the canton Schwyz, Volume II: The districts Gersau, Küssnacht and Schwyz. Art historical overview. (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 2). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1930.
Web links
- Official website of the community of Rothenthurm
- Erwin Horat: Altmatt. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Andreas Meyerhans: Rothenthurm. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Resident population according to sz.ch (accessed April 28, 2019).
- ↑ René Hantke: On the quaternary geology in the border area between the Muota / Reuss and Linth / Rhine systems. 1961, accessed July 5, 2016 .
- ↑ Federal popular initiative “for the protection of moors - Rothenthurm initiative”. at: admin.ch (last accessed on April 28, 2019).
- ↑ Joseph Anton Stadler was born in 1661 and was executed by beheading in 1708 (Franz Auf der Maur, Kaspar Michel: Stadler, Josef Anton. In: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz .).
- ↑ Christoph Leisibach: Cross-country ski trails in the countryside - yawning emptiness instead of thousands of winter sports enthusiasts. In: srf.ch . January 16, 2020, accessed January 16, 2020 .
- ^ Markus Bamert: The parish church of St. Antonius in Rothenthurm. (Swiss Art Guide, No. 636). Ed. Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1998, ISBN 3-85782-636-3 .
- ^ Rothenthurm Tourismus, Parish Church St. Antonius , accessed on December 27, 2012.
Alpthal |
Arth |
Illgau |
Ingenbohl |
Lauerz |
Morschach |
Muotathal |
Oberiberg |
Riemenstalden |
Rothenthurm |
Saddle |
Schwyz |
Stones |
Steinerberg |
Unteriberg
Former municipality: Iberg
Canton of Schwyz | Districts of Canton Schwyz | Municipalities in the canton of Schwyz