Canton Zurich
| Canton Zurich | |
|---|---|
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| Canton of the Swiss Confederation | |
| Abbreviation / license plate : | ZH |
| Official language : | German |
| Main town : | Zurich |
| Accession to the federal government : | 1351 |
| Area : | 1728.94 km² |
| Height range : | 330–1291 m above sea level M. |
| Website: | www.zh.ch |
| population | |
| Residents: | 1,520,968 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 880 inhabitants per km² |
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Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship ) |
26.1% (December 31, 2015) |
| Unemployment rate : | 3.9% (December 31, 2015) |
| Location of the canton in Switzerland | |
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| Map of the canton | |
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| Political municipalities of the canton | |
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Coordinates: 47 ° 24 ' N , 8 ° 36' E ; CH1903: six hundred eighty-seven thousand six hundred and sixty-nine / two hundred and fifty thousand five hundred fifty-seven The canton of Zurich ( abbreviation ZH , Zurich German Zuri , French Zurich , Italian Zurigo , Romansh ) popularly also Zürichbiet dialect or Züripiet called, is a German-speaking canton in the northeast of Switzerland . The main town is the city of the same name, Zurich .
The canton of Zurich, which is in the upper middle of the canton ranking in terms of area, has an extraordinarily high population density and, with its 1.5 million inhabitants, ranks first among the most populous cantons. The canton is shaped by its capital Zurich and its agglomeration , which takes up most of the canton.
It is congruent with the Zurich region defined by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) and lies between the regions of Eastern and Northwestern Switzerland .
geography
- Highest point: Schnebelhorn 1291.8 m
- Lowest point: 330 m on the Upper Rhine near Weiach
- Center of the Canton of Zurich : in Wangen-Brüttisellen
Most of the canton of Zurich is located in the Swiss plateau . The extreme south-east of the canton, however, is shaped like a pre-alpine region, and the extreme north-west forms part of the easternmost Jura foothills. The canton borders in the north on the canton of Schaffhausen and Germany ( border between Germany and Switzerland ), in the west on the canton Aargau , in the south on the cantons Zug and Schwyz , and in the east on the cantons Thurgau and St. Gallen . Eastern Switzerland begins east of the canton of Zurich .
With the Rafzerfeld , the canton of Zurich - along with Basel-Stadt and Schaffhausen - is one of only three cantons that have territories to the right of the Upper Rhine .
Waters
The largest body of water in the canton is the elongated Lake Zurich , which extends into the southern canton area and there also includes parts of the eastern neighboring cantons Schwyz and St. Gallen . With the Greifensee and Pfäffikersee in the Zurich Oberland there are two other larger lakes in the canton. The Türlersee , the Katzensee , the Lützelsee and the Husemersee are smaller bodies of water.
The Limmat leaves Lake Zurich in the city of Zurich to later merge with the Reuss and Aare rivers in the canton of Aargau and with the Rhine near Koblenz AG . Sections of the Rhine form the border with the canton of Schaffhausen and the state border between Switzerland and Germany. The Glatt , whose entire course lies in the canton, drains the Glatttal and the Zurich Oberland and flows into the Rhine near Glattfelden in the Zurich Unterland . The Töss is also a mountain river that rises in the Zurich Oberland and flows into the Rhine at the Tössegg . The Thur also flows through the Canton of Zurich for the last few kilometers. The Sihl rises in the canton of Schwyz, flows through the Zurich Sihl valley and flows into the Limmat in Zurich. The Reuss forms a small section of the border with Aargau in the southwest.
The small but water-rich mountain rivers and brooks of the Zurich Oberland, with their hydropower, marked the beginning of Swiss industry two centuries ago.
mountains
The highest mountain in the canton of Zurich is the Schnebelhorn at 1292 m . Other well-known excursion peaks in the Zurich Oberland are the Bachtel and Hörnli . The local mountain of the city of Zurich, the Uetliberg , belongs to the Albis chain , which is up to 915 m high. The lägern in the northwest is already an extension of the Jura Mountains .
Regions
The canton of Zurich is divided into various smaller regions . Some of these are characteristically rural, but urbanization in the canton of Zurich is well advanced: the capital Zurich dominates the canton.
In the far north of the canton, between Winterthur and Schaffhausen , lies the Zürcher Weinland . It is very sparsely populated and like no other Zurich region has retained its rural character. The Winterthur region is located south of the wine country . Winterthur is the sixth largest city in Switzerland and the second largest in the canton.
The Zürcher Unterland lies to the west of the Winterthur region and northeast of the city of Zurich . This is already part of the Zurich agglomeration , in particular the middle Glatttal is heavily urbanized or partially grown together with Zurich, while the Furttal , Wehntal and Rafzerfeld on the other side of the Rhine are still largely outside the inner agglomeration. Zurich Airport is also located in the lowlands and dominates .
The capital of the canton of Zurich, the city of the same name with a strong international character, is located a little west of the geographic center of the canton at the northern end of Lake Zurich. It takes up the entire valley there, through which the Limmat and Sihl flow and is bordered by the Uetliberg , Hönggerberg, Zürichberg and Adlisberg ranges of hills . To the west of the city, on the Limmat on the border with the canton of Aargau, lies the Limmattal region . This is heavily sprawled and its communities have partly grown together with the city of Zurich.
Lake Zurich extends south of the city. Both banks are built over practically without gaps. Due to its sunny location, the right bank has become the affluent so-called Gold Coast , while the left bank is sometimes called the Pfnüsel coast in a slightly pejorative way . Immediately behind the Lake Zurich communities are the hills of Zimmerberg (left bank) and Pfannenstiel (right bank). In particular, the Zimmerberg with the Hirzel region in the southernmost tip of the canton is sparsely populated by comparison.
In the south-east of the canton lies the partially pre-alpine Zürcher Oberland , in which both Zurich suburbs, extremely rural areas and medium-sized former industrial centers ( Uster , Wetzikon ) can be found.
In the south-western tip is the Knonauer Amt , popularly known as the Säuliamt . It is separated from the rest of the canton by the Albis chain and has a predominantly rural character. The Sihltal lies between the Albis and the Zimmerberg . In its northern part, which is close to the city, there are other suburbs of Zurich, while it is practically unpopulated in the south.
population
In 2015, the canton of Zurich had a higher human development index than any independent state on earth or any other sub-state region, apart from the Australian Capital Territory .
Residents
At the end of 2016, 1,482,003 people lived in the canton of Zurich, of whom 386,545 are not Swiss citizens.
| nationality | Share of all foreigners | |
|---|---|---|
| January 2012 | Late 2016 | |
 Germany
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23% | 23% |
 Italy
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16% | 14% |
 Portugal
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7% | 7% |
 Kosovo
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2% | 5% |
 Spain
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3% | 4% |
 North Macedonia
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4% | 4% |
 Serbia
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9% | 4% |
 Austria
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3% | 3% |
 Turkey
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3% | 3% |
 United Kingdom
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2% | 2% |
 France
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2% | 2% |
 Poland
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nn | 2% |
languages
The official language of the canton is German . The colloquial language is Swiss German or its local variant, Zurich German .
According to the new Zurich constitution, sign language also falls under the freedom of language .
Religions - denominations
history
The canton of Zurich is one of the traditionally reformed cantons, as the city of Zurich, under Zwingli's leadership, accepted the Reformation and implemented it in its entire subject area. This made the canton the first Reformed town in Switzerland. Historical exceptions are Dietikon ( allocated in 1803 when the canton of Baden was dissolved ) and the formerly Catholic monastery village of Rheinau (also allocated in 1803 as a replacement for the loss of Stein am Rhein and Dörflingen ).
As a result of heavy immigration (Zurich as an economic center) and increasing lack of religion, the canton is multi-religious today; none of the communities has an absolute majority anymore. Recognized under public law are the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Zurich , since 1963 also the Roman Catholic Body of the Canton of Zurich and the cantonal Zurich parish of the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland and, on the basis of the new cantonal constitution, since 2005 two of Zurich's Jewish communities, on the other hand others have preferred to remain under private law.
Denomination statistics
Out of a population of 1'498'641 end of 2017 were in the canton of Zurich 432'655 (28.9 percent) inhabitants member of the Evangelical Reformed Church , 391'416 (26.1 percent) were residents of the Roman Catholic Church and a further 1,924 inhabitants (0.13 percent) were members of the Christian Catholic Church . The two state-recognized Jewish communities ( Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zurich and Jewish liberal community Zurich ) had a total of 2,352 (0.16 percent) members.
At the end of 2011, 34 percent of the population were Reformed and 28 percent Catholic; 0.1 percent each belonged to the Christian Catholic Church or to one of the two publicly recognized Jewish communities. In 2011 the reformed regional church had lost 5,617 members (then 467,000 new members); the number of members of the Roman Catholic Church in the canton of Zurich grew by 1,500 in the same year (at that time a new 389,000).
Exact membership figures for other religious communities in the canton of Zurich have not been available since the 2000 census. However, the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) carries out sample surveys that also include other religious communities in the canton. At the end of 2017, 6.5 percent of respondents aged 15 and over said they belonged to another Christian denomination (neither (Christian) Catholic nor Reformed), 6.5 percent were Muslim , 0.5 percent belonged to a Jewish community (including state recognized communities), 1.7 percent were members of other religious communities and 29.2 percent of the respondents described themselves as non-denominational . The statistical confidence interval of the individual results is between 1.6 percent and 15.2 percent.
The structural survey from 2017 also reveals major differences in the religious affiliation of the various population groups: if the members of the Evangelical Reformed Church (36.3 percent) are the largest group among those surveyed aged 15 and over with Swiss citizenship, those aged 15 and over make up the largest group Years with foreign citizenship, the non-denominational (35.5 percent) the largest group. Although the members of the Evangelical Reformed Church (28.4 percent) make up the largest proportion among 15 to 24-year-olds, the proportion of respondents with a Muslim faith is highest in this age group at 10.4 percent. By way of comparison, only 1.8 percent of those over 65 said they were members of a Muslim community. The largest group in this age group are the members of the Evangelical Reformed Church (44.9 percent).
| religion | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evangelical Reformed regional church | 47.9 | 40.5 | 33.9 | 33.3 |
| Roman Catholic Church | 35.1 | 31.2 | 27.9 | 28.0 |
| other Christian denominations | 4.4 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Islamic denominations | 2.3 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 6.0 |
| Jewish religious communities | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| religion | Total of respondents |
Swiss State ality |
Swiss people without a migration background |
Swiss with a migration background |
Foreign heads of state ality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christianity | 61.1 | 66.7 | 71.5 | 51.6 | 45.9 |
| - Evangelical Reformed Church | 28.3 | 36.3 | 44.3 | 11.3 | 6.6 |
| - Roman Catholic Church | 26.2 | 24.3 | 22.7 | 29.2 | 31.4 |
| - other Christian churches | 6.6 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 11.1 | 7.9 |
| other religions | 8.7 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 19.2 | 17.4 |
| - Islam | 6.5 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 14.9 | 13.8 |
| - Judaism | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| - other religions | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 3.2 |
| non-denominational | 29.2 | 26.9 | 26.4 | 28.2 | 35.5 |
| no information | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
State
Constitution
A constitutional council elected by the people drew up a new constitution between 2000 and 2004, which was supposed to replace the cantonal constitution that had been in force since 1869 and has been amended many times since then. The draft was approved in a referendum on February 27, 2005 by the voters with a clear majority. The new constitution came into force on January 1, 2006.
legislative branch
The legislative authority is the Cantonal Council , which has 180 members elected by the people for four years using proportional representation . Elections are made in 18 constituencies , and parliamentary seats have been allocated according to the “ double-proportional allocation process ” since 2007 . Compared to the previously used Hagenbach-Bischoff method , this divisor method eliminates, among other things, the disadvantage of small parties. With this change, a constituency reform was bypassed, but the hurdle was determined that a party in at least one constituency must achieve at least five percent of the vote in order to be able to enter parliament. In addition, the list connections were abolished as part of the change .
In addition, the people themselves have a direct share in the legislation, as they have the right of referendum and the right of initiative. Obligatory referendums take place on all constitutional changes, optional referendums on changes to the law, if requested by at least 3,000 voters. Popular initiatives to amend the constitution or a law require the support of at least 6,000 voters; they are also subject to a referendum if they are rejected by the Cantonal Council. Zürcherisches Unikum is the individual initiative: a single person can apply to the cantonal council to amend the law or the constitution, and this must be submitted to a referendum if they are supported by a majority of the cantonal council. The same applies to the authority initiative (for example based on a municipal parliament) as to the individual initiative. The popular proposal (also a constructive referendum ) was abolished in the canton of Zurich on September 23, 2012.
| Political party | Election year | Share of voters in percent |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 1975 | 1979 | 1983 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 1999 | 2003 | 2007 | 2011 | 2015 | 2019 | ||
| Swiss People's Party (SVP) | 33 | 32 | 32 | 35 | 31 | 36 | 40 | 60 | 61 | 56 | 54 | 54 | 45 | 24.46 |
| Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) | 43 | 42 | 49 | 35 | 34 | 43 | 45 | 43 | 53 | 36 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 19.31 |
| FDP.The Liberals (FDP) | 39 | 43 | 51 | 52 | 46 | 50 | 46 | 35 | 29 | 29 | 23 | 31 | 29 | 15.66 |
| Green Liberal Party (glp) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | 19th | 14th | 23 | 12.91 |
| Green Party of Switzerland (GPS) | - | - | - | 4th | 20th | 20th | 16 | 11 | 14th | 19th | 19th | 13 | 22nd | 11.91 |
| Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP) | 17th | 20th | 21st | 23 | 17th | 13 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 8th | 4.29 |
| Evangelical People's Party (EPP) | 11 | 14th | 12 | 14th | 11 | 8th | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 7th | 8th | 8th | 4.24 |
| Alternative list (AL) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6th | 3.15 |
| Federal Democratic Union (EDU) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4th | 2.27 |
| Bourgeois Democratic Party (BDP) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6th | 5 | - | 1.53 |
| Swiss Democrats / National Action (SD / NA) | 10 | 6th | - | 2 | 6th | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| State Ring of Independents (LdU) | 26th | 20th | 14th | 12 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Auto Party / Freedom Party (APS / FPS) | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Progressive Organizations (POCH) | - | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other | 1 | 1 | - | - | 4th | 3 | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.27 |
executive
The highest executive and executive authority of the canton is the government council . It consists of seven members with equal rights, is elected by the people in a majority voting process (majority voting) for a fixed period of four years and is headed by the district president, who changes every year. Each member heads one of the seven departments (ministries) of the cantonal administration. The State Chancellery , headed by the State Clerk , is the central staff unit of the Government Council and supports it in administrative and legal questions.
| Government Council | Political party | Directorate |
|---|---|---|
| Jacqueline Fehr , Vice President 2020/2021 | SP | Directorate of Justice and Home Affairs |
| Mario Fehr | SP | Security Directorate |
| Martin Neukom | GPS | Building Director |
| Natalie Rickli | SVP | Health Directorate |
| Silvia Steiner , President 2020/2021 | CVP | Education Directorate |
| Ernst Stocker | SVP | Finance Directorate |
| Carmen Walker Spah | FDP | Department of Economics |
Kathrin Arioli has been the state clerk since February 1, 2018 .
Judiciary
The highest courts responsible for the entire canton are the Higher Court , the Administrative Court and the Social Insurance Court . Organizationally, the Higher Court consists of two civil chambers, three criminal chambers and the compulsory measures court. The commercial court is located at the higher court .
At the regional level there are twelve district courts of first instance , which act as collegial courts , individual courts, tenant courts and labor courts. The District Court of Zurich , with its 400 employees the largest court in the canton of Zurich. At the local level (usually comprising several municipalities) there are the offices of justice of the peace and other arbitration authorities upstream of the first court instance. In addition, there is a construction course court and a tax appeal court , which are upstream of the administrative court.
The Compulsory Measures Court of the Canton of Zurich was awarded a negative prize at the Big Brother Awards 2019 for alleged “secret justice in the surveillance state” .
Party system
| Political party | Elections 2019 |
Elections 2015 |
Elections 2011 |
2007 elections |
2003 elections |
1999 elections |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SVP | 26.70 | 30.68 | 29.84 | 33.92 | 33.39 | 32.48 |
| SP | 17.31 | 21.39 | 19.27 | 19.81 | 25.66 | 25.63 |
| Green | 14.08 | 6.89 | 8.39 | 10.37 | 8.47 | 4.14 |
| glp | 13.99 | 8.16 | 11.49 | 7.01 | - | - |
| FDP | 13.66 | 15.33 | 11.64 | 13.15 | 16.24 | 17.82 |
| CVP | 4.41 | 4.18 | 5.03 | 7.56 | 5.43 | 5.12 |
| EPP | 3.30 | 3.12 | 3.07 | 3.68 | 4.11 | 3.44 |
| AL | 1.92 | 2.01 | 1.26 | 1.34 | 2.17 | 2.01 |
| BDP | 1.64 | 3.62 | 5.28 | - | - | - |
| EDU | 1.61 | 2.06 | 2.17 | 2.12 | 2.06 | 1.76 |
| Pirates | 0.46 | 0.64 | 0.86 | - | - | - |
| SD | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.54 | 0.87 | 1.55 |
| rest | 0.73 | 1.74 | 1.42 | 0.50 | 1.60 | 6.07 |
In the canton of Zurich there are the usual parties operating in Switzerland. In the past, the FDP in particular had a decisive position, but it increasingly lost it and had to cede its role as the largest cantonal parliamentary group to the SVP in the 1990s . In the rural and agglomeration communities , the SVP, in the cities, the SP is above average. The fourth strongest party for some years now has been the Green Liberals , which split off from the Swiss Green Party in 2004 . The CVP and EPP have also been represented in the cantonal council for many years , with the former being significantly more influential in federal terms than in the canton of Zurich. At the moment (2014) the BDP , EDU and AL are also represented in the cantonal parliament .
The representation of the parties is largely reflected in the 200-strong National Council , in which the Canton of Zurich has again had 35 representatives since 2015 based on the population. In accordance with the smaller number of available seats compared to the 180-strong cantonal council, smaller parties with less than 3% of the votes (namely EDU and AL) are not represented.
politics
Politically, the canton of Zurich has played a pioneering role on various occasions, for example in promoting public transport, in tax legislation, in restructuring the education system, in rights for homosexual couples and in reforming civil service law (abolition of civil servant status); in other areas, such as the simplification of the administrative structure, it lags behind other cantons such as Bern and St. Gallen . The party landscape, which had been constant for decades, with its traditional dominance of the Freedom Party or the Freedom Democratic Party ( FDP ) - which was only temporarily divided into two independent parties (see Democratic Party ) - began to move at the end of the 20th century: in connection with the more difficult This supremacy was broken by the right-wing conservative Swiss People's Party ( SVP ), which has since become the strongest force in the canton. On the left, the Social Democratic Party ( SP ) strengthened briefly , but suffered another setback in 2007.
Partnerships
The Canton of Zurich has had a partnership with the City of Chongqing , People's Republic of China , since 2013 .
Political parishes and districts
The Canton of Zurich has 162 political communities that are responsible for local self-government ; For example, each individual has the right to set the communal tax rate himself.
Other types of congregation are the school congregations , which are increasingly being integrated into the political congregations, the Evangelical Reformed congregations and the Roman and Christian Catholic congregations. Civil parishes existed until the end of 2009 .
Each municipality belongs to one of the twelve districts (see below), which are the decentralized units of the cantonal administration and therefore have no autonomy of their own.
On January 1, 2016, the political communities of Illnau-Effretikon and Kyburg merged to form the new political community of Illnau-Effretikon .
Cities
Of the 162 political municipalities in the canton of Zurich, 28 have a geographic-statistical city size of more than 10,000 inhabitants, based on the definition of residence under civil law as of December 31, 2018.
The most important cities with over 10,000 inhabitants as of December 31, 2018 are listed below:
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Districts
| district | Population (December 31, 2018) |
Area in km² |
main place | BFS no. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zurich | 415,367 | 87.78 | Zurich | 0112 |
| Winterthur | 169,513 | 251.19 | Winterthur | 0110 |
| Bulach | 151,486 | 184.97 | Bulach | 0103 |
| Uster | 131,702 | 112.20 | Uster | 0109 |
| Horgen | 124,801 | 104.20 | Horgen | 0106 |
| miles | 104,412 | 84.66 | miles | 0107 |
| Hinwil | 95,711 | 179.54 | Hinwil | 0105 |
| Dietikon | 91,091 | 60.16 | Dietikon | 0111 |
| Dielsdorf | 90,455 | 152.83 | Dielsdorf | 0104 |
| Pfaffikon | 60'439 | 163.66 | Pfaffikon | 0108 |
| Affoltern | 54,619 | 113.06 | Affoltern am Albis | 0101 |
| Andelfingen | 31,372 | 166.67 | Andelfingen | 0102 |
| Total (12) | 1,520,968 | 1660.92 | ||
Share of lake area in the canton of Zurich: 67.95 square kilometers
Districts of the Canton of Zurich until June 30, 1989
Districts of the canton of Zurich until December 31, 1985
Changes in inventory
From January 1, 1934 to December 31, 1985, the Zurich district included the city of Zurich and twelve so-called "rural communities".
The municipality of Zollikon moved to the Meilen district on January 1, 1986 , the other eleven communities remained part of the Zurich district until June 30, 1989 due to legal proceedings, and since July 1 they have formed today's Dietikon district .
history
Based on the Helvetian mediation constitution , the canton was established in 1803 on the territory of Zurich and also bears the name and coat of arms of the old city republic.
The downfall of the city republic and the Ancien Régime began in 1798 when the landscape demanded the abolition of subjects and equality with Zurich. The efforts to found a canton ended after a few weeks without success due to the occupation of the canton by French troops. The old rulership became part of the Helvetic Republic and thus a dependent administrative district with 15 districts. Persistent disputes within the Helvetic Republic forced Napoleon to convene a Helvetic Consulta at the end of 1802 . This resulted in the ratification of the mediation act in March 1803, with which the existence of the Helvetic Republic ended and was replaced by the Helvetic State Confederation Confoederatio Helvetica .
With the mediation constitution of 1803, the new canton of Zurich was created, an autonomous state and a member of the Helvetic Confederation. The canton area, which has not changed since then, was determined with a final change; the districts were replaced by five districts.
With the defeat of French troops near Leipzig, the mediation constitution was repealed at the end of 1813. The newly drafted restoration constitution came into force in mid-1814 and once again strengthened the influence of the aristocratically dominated city, but also of the rural aristocracy. The administrative structure was changed again, eleven higher offices were established, the division of which has remained largely unchanged to this day. Within the following year, the Zurich state border from 1803 was finally confirmed at the Congress of Vienna .
After the revolutionary Ustertag , the new liberal constitution came into force within six months in 1831, after the first referendum in the canton . In 1839 there was a countermovement when, in the unconstitutional Züriputsch , “god-fearing” conservatives who were hostile to modernization took over government until 1845.
In 1868 the people agreed with a large majority to a mandate, which was strongly based on Salomon Bleuler and Winterthur , but also the rural regions of the canton, on a new constitution, which transformed the indirect democracy that had existed up to that point into a semi-direct democracy . As a result, the school system was reorganized and the Zürcher Kantonalbank was founded. This constitution - with many changes - remained in force until 2005.
economy
Business and financial center
The canton of Zurich is the economically strongest region in Switzerland. An agglomeration with over a million inhabitants has developed around the city of Zurich, which already extends beyond the canton's borders.
The financial center is particularly pronounced with nationally and internationally active banks and insurance companies , with which Zurich can compete with London and Frankfurt am Main . Alongside Munich, Zurich is a leading global center for reinsurance . Zurich is also a popular conference venue.
traffic
The canton of Zurich is criss-crossed by a dense national and regional rail network as well as highways leading to the east, west, north and south. Zurich International Airport is located in the municipality of Kloten and functions as a hub , but according to the 2015 monitoring report it is reaching its capacity limits. The Dübendorf military airfield is located in the municipality of Dübendorf , which in future could function as a regional airfield in the sense of a relief airport in analogy to Milan Linate airport .
The canton of Zurich has good international rail connections to all neighboring countries and, with the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), has an excellent local transport network for urban traffic , which is constantly being expanded.
In 2019, the degree of motorization (passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants) was 488. The transport policy of the new red-green majority in the cantonal council is increasingly ensuring a turnaround in traffic .
Established businesses
Because of its economic importance, the canton of Zurich is an important business location. Various Zurich companies are of great national or international importance. A large number of foreign companies have their Swiss headquarters in the canton of Zurich.
The largest Zurich companies with national or international importance include:
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The largest Swiss subsidiaries of foreign groups with Swiss headquarters in the Canton of Zurich include:
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Training centers
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences
- Zurich School of Economics
- Intercantonal University for Curative Education Zurich
- Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences
- Zurich University of Education
- Foundation for Business Informatics School Switzerland WISS
- University of Zurich
- Zurich University of the Arts
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences
- Strickhof
Special facilities and research
See also
literature
- Boris Schneider (Ed.): The Canton of Zurich . Lehrmittelverlag des Kantons Zürich (7th edition), Zürich 2004, ISBN 3-906718-26-3 .
- Isabelle Häner , Markus Rüssli, Evi Schwarzenbach (eds.): Commentary on the Zurich cantonal constitution . Schulthess, Zurich 2007, ISBN 978-3-7255-5363-1 .
- Adrian Huber, Beat Horisberger, Renata Windler, Meinrad Suter, Martin Illi, Mario König : Zurich (Canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2017 .
- Zurich Botanical Society (Ed.): Flora of the Canton of Zurich . Haupt Verlag, Bern 2020, ISBN 978-3-258-08070-3 .
Web links
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Further content in the sister projects of Wikipedia:
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Commons | - multimedia content |
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Wiktionary | - Dictionary entries |
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Wikisource | - Sources and full texts |
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Wikinews | - News |
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Wikivoyage | - Travel Guide |
- Official website of the Canton of Zurich
- Official statistics (Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich)
- Official statistics (Federal Statistical Office)
- Link catalog on the subject of the Canton of Zurich at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
References and comments
- ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
- ↑ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 26, 2016, accessed on May 31, 2017 .
- ^ The situation on the job market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
- ^ Online Duden, Zurich area
- ↑ The function of the capital city of Zurich is neither stipulated by the constitution nor by a law, but is based on the traditional practice that the heads of the state - government council, cantonal council and higher court - have their seat in Zurich. In the case of the higher court, this practice is confirmed by the Act on the Organization of Courts and Authorities in Civil and Criminal Proceedings of May 10, 2010, Section 4; The Cantonal Council Act of April 5, 1981 and the Act on the Organization of the Government Council and the Cantonal Administration of June 6, 2005 are silent about the seat of parliament and the government.
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ^ STAT-TAB: The interactive statistics database, population development by region, 1850–2000. Swiss Confederation, accessed on October 21, 2019 .
- ↑ STAT-TAB: The interactive statistics database, population status. Swiss Confederation, accessed on October 21, 2019 .
- ^ Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab. Accessed August 5, 2018 .
- ↑ Federal Office for Migration / Statistics Service for Foreigners: Existing permanent resident population by canton. Tab.No .: 6.22. ( Memento of the original from July 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Bern-Wabern 2012. Retrieved on: March 2, 2012.
- ^ Canton of Zurich: Directorate of Justice and the Interior: Religious Communities: Legal Recognition. January 29, 2019, accessed May 18, 2020 .
- ↑ Resident population in the municipalities of the Canton of Zurich by denomination in 2017. ( XLSX ) Cantonal population surveys , Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich, July 2, 2018, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
- ↑ Persistently strong population growth - statistik.zh.ch (accessed on: March 2, 2012).
- ↑ Fewer and fewer Reformed people, more and more Catholics - News Zurich: Region - tagesanzeiger.ch (accessed on: June 7, 2012).
- ↑ a b c d Since 2010, the data on religious communities in the canton of Zurich have been based on a sample survey by the FSO, for which people aged 15 and over are surveyed. It should be noted that the results of the surveys show a confidence interval. (See census in Switzerland # structural survey .) Since the last census in 2000, there are no more figures on the religious affiliation of the total population (of all ages). Exceptions are the Roman Catholic, Evangelical Reformed and Christian Catholic Churches and the Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zurich / Jewish Liberal Congregation Zurich , whose members are officially registered on the basis of church tax .
- ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office: Permanent resident population aged 15 and over by religious affiliation and canton - 2017. (XLSX; 377 kB) January 29, 2019, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook of the Canton of Zurich 2014. (PDF; 3 MB ) 24th edition, February 2014. (No longer available online.) Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich, p. 92 , archived from the original on July 30, 2014 ; Retrieved July 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Constitution of the Canton of Zurich of February 27, 2005, with changes that have taken place since then.
- ↑ The Government Council. State Chancellery of the Canton of Zurich, accessed on April 6, 2018 .
- ↑ The winners of the Big Brother Awards 2019. In: bigbrotherawards.ch. Accessed August 31, 2019 .
- ↑ Elections 2019. Accessed August 1, 2020 .
- ↑ National Council elections 2015: extrapolation, results, voter participation. (No longer available online.) Directorate of Justice and Home Affairs, Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich, October 18, 2015, archived from the original on April 27, 2016 ; Retrieved October 19, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ National Council elections 2011: extrapolation, results, voter participation. (No longer available online.) Directorate of Justice and Home Affairs, Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich, October 23, 2011, archived from the original on April 3, 2013 ; Retrieved July 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Results in the canton. (No longer available online.) Directorate of Justice and Home Affairs, Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich, October 22, 2007, archived from the original on July 30, 2014 ; Retrieved July 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Comparison with 2003 in the canton. (No longer available online.) Directorate of Justice and Home Affairs, Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich, October 22, 2007, archived from the original on July 30, 2014 ; Retrieved July 29, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Chongqing Municipal Government
- ↑ Welcome, Kyburg! City administration Illnau-Effretikon, January 1, 2016, accessed on January 6, 2016 .
- ↑ When the Zurich people overthrew the «system»
- ↑ Monitoring the competitiveness of Swiss aviation 2015. (PDF) In: bazl.admin.ch. March 2015, accessed June 21, 2015 .
- ↑ bfs.admin.ch
- ↑ Marisa Eggli, Helene Arnet: In the canton of Zurich, buses and trams are now more important than cars. In: tagesanzeiger.ch . August 27, 2019, accessed September 5, 2019 .
- ↑ Daniel Schneebeli: Will the people participate in the traffic turnaround? In: tagesanzeiger.ch . August 27, 2019, accessed September 5, 2019 .
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