Zurich metropolitan area
| Zurich metropolitan area | |
|---|---|
| Cantons : | |
| Area : | 18103 km² |
| Residents : | 4,141,734 |
| Population density : | approx. 500 inhabitants / km² |
The metropolitan area of Zurich is one of five “ metropolitan areas ” in Switzerland defined as a statistical spatial category by the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) since 2000 - alongside Basel , Bern , Geneva-Lausanne (Arc Lémanique) and Ticino .
Definition and scope
The official definition of the FSO is based on the term agglomeration and assigns an agglomeration to a metropolitan area if at least one in twelve employees (8.33 percent) works in the core agglomeration of the metropolitan region. The agglomerations and metropolitan areas are determined dynamically every ten years based on the evaluations of the census , whereby the population figures are not continuously updated by the FSO. The latter is partly carried out by cantonal or communal statistical offices, which means that there are regular deviations. The delimitation of agglomerations and metropolitan areas by the Federal Statistical Office has no legally binding force.
According to the current census of 2000, the metropolitan area of Zurich consists of the core agglomeration of Zurich, ten other agglomerations and the single town of Einsiedeln , which together comprise a good 1.66 million inhabitants on an area of 2103 km². This corresponds to a population density of almost 800 inhabitants per square kilometer. The metropolitan area includes 11 so-called core municipalities and 210 additional assigned municipalities in the seven cantons of Zurich (127 municipalities), Aargau (58 municipalities), Schwyz (11 municipalities), Zug (10 municipalities), Schaffhausen (9 municipalities), Thurgau (3 municipalities) ) and St. Gallen (3 municipalities).
- Zurich agglomeration
- around 1.3 million people in 2013
- Core city of Zurich
- 1,080,728 inhabitants, 1086 km² area (but cf. information City of Zurich / BFS)
- 131 affiliated municipalities, of which
- 103 in the canton of Zurich
- 25 in the canton of Aargau
- 3 in the canton of Schwyz
- Winterthur agglomeration
- Core city Winterthur
- 123,416 inhabitants, 151 km² area
- 11 associated municipalities in the canton of Zurich
- Baden-Brugg agglomeration
- Core city of Baden
- 106,736 inhabitants, 124 km² area
- 22 associated municipalities in the canton of Aargau
- Zug agglomeration
- Core city of Zug
- 95,557 inhabitants, 180 km² area
- 9 associated municipalities in the canton of Zug
- Schaffhausen agglomeration
- Core city of Schaffhausen
- 61,399 inhabitants, 104 km² area
- 12 associated municipalities, of which
- 8 in the canton of Schaffhausen
- 4 in the canton of Zurich
- Rapperswil-Jona-Rüti agglomeration
- Core municipality Rapperswil
- 46'337 inhabitants, 56 km² area
- 4 associated municipalities, of which
- 2 in the canton of Zurich
- 2 in the canton of St. Gallen
- Agglomeration Wetzikon-Pfäffikon ZH
- Core city Wetzikon
- 44'015 inhabitants, 94 km² area
- 4 associated municipalities in the canton of Zurich
- Agglomeration of laughter
- Lachen core community
- 31,840 inhabitants, 99 km² area
- 6 associated municipalities in the canton of Schwyz
- Frauenfeld agglomeration
- Core city Frauenfeld
- 27,005 inhabitants, 44 km² area
- 2 associated municipalities in the canton of Thurgau
- Lenzburg agglomeration
- Core community Lenzburg
- 25,903 inhabitants, area of 41 km²
- 6 associated municipalities in the canton of Aargau
- Agglomeration Wohlen AG
- Core municipality of Wohlen
- 20'437 inhabitants, 27 km² area
- 2 associated municipalities in the canton of Aargau
- Isolated city of Einsiedeln
- Solitary town Einsiedeln
- 12,622 inhabitants, 99 km² area
Different definitions
Compared to the clear, statistical definition of the metropolitan area by the FSO, there are a number of different terms, definitions and interpretations of the term.
- Northern Switzerland metropolitan region, Arc Lémanique metropolitan region, Milan metropolitan region
- Measured on a European scale, the FSO itself has already admitted that the determination of the parameters was politically prescribed and that too many and too small metropolitan regions are emerging as a result. According to the METREX criteria, there are only two metropolitan areas in Switzerland: the metropolitan region of northern Switzerland with a bipolar center (Zurich and Basel) and expansion across German-speaking Switzerland (including Bern only as a subset) to Alsace and southern Germany , as well as the metropolitan region of Arc Lémanique (Geneva -Lausanne). The Ticino region, on the other hand, is only part of the Milan metropolitan area .
- Six metropolises (Avenir Suisse)
- The definition of the think tank Avenir Suisse goes less far than the METREX classification, which assumes six metropolises ( Basel , Bern , Geneva , Lausanne , Ticino, Zurich) according to the FSO definition and also assigns all municipalities to these, regardless of the agglomeration from which they belong 3 percent of employees commute to the core agglomeration. This closes the gaps in the area that rural municipalities form which, according to the definition, cannot belong to an agglomeration, plus additional municipalities that belong to an agglomeration that does not belong to the metropolitan area according to the FSO definition. The area defined by Avenir Suisse under the name Metropolis Zurich includes, in addition to the BFS metropolitan region Zurich, the entire area of the canton of Zurich, the entire canton of Schaffhausen, other parts of the cantons of Aargau, Schwyz, St. Gallen and Thurgau, as well as parts of the Cantons of Glarus , Lucerne and Solothurn .
- Utility rooms
- Business associations and organizations for location marketing also use similarly tailored terms, whereby the spatial definition lacks any statistical basis, but is based on the participating cantons and companies. The flexible terms Zürcher Wirtschaftsraum or Greater Zurich Area - also the name under company law of the internationally active location marketing - are used here. The “economic area” is roughly defined as anything that can be reached within 90 minutes from Zurich Airport . Since the competing locations Basel and Bern have their own location marketing, they are not part of the Zurich economic area, although both cities can be reached within 80 minutes from Zurich Airport. In contrast, the city of Chur , which is strongly oriented towards Zurich, is usually counted as part of the Zurich economic area, although the travel time from the airport is a good 100 minutes. According to the “Greater Zurich Area”, the Zurich economic region covers around 13,000 km² and around 3.2 million inhabitants (1.3 million employees) as well as around 140,000 companies. Switzerland and the Zurich economic area have above-average conditions for innovation and sustainable growth. The reason lies in the political stability as well as in the large talent pool and the ETH Zurich as one of the best universities in Europe. Corporations such as Google, Microsoft, IBM, Disney, ABB, Biogen, Johnson & Johnson or Roche operate important locations for research and development here.
- Major industries:
- Life Sciences : biotechnology , medical technology
- Information Technology : Artificial Intelligence , Computer Vision , Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality , Information Security
- Financial technology & blockchain
- Robotics & Intelligent Systems: Robotics , drone technology , computer vision
- Industry 4.0 & Advanced Manufacturing
- The Zurich Airport Region (FRZ) is one of the other organizations involved in location marketing of supraregional importance . The following eleven municipalities belong to the Swiss business metropolis Zurich Airport Region in the narrower sense: Bassersdorf, Bülach, Dietlikon, Dübendorf, Kloten, Nürensdorf, Oberglatt, Opfikon, Rümlang, Wallisellen and Wangen-Brüttisellen. Many other municipalities and cities are also part of the catchment area of Zurich Airport. The Zurich Airport Region describes itself as a leading business network for companies and politics in the region.
- Zurich Metropolitan Area Association
- In July 2009 politicians and business representatives founded a private association under the name of the Metropolitan Area of Zurich in order to protect the economic interests of the Metropolitan Area. Only cantons, cities and municipalities can become members with voting rights. The organs consist of a metropolitan conference and a metropolitan council. The meetings of the Metropolitan Council are not public. The association is not democratically legitimized. According to the statutes, it does not want to impair the constitutional competence and autonomy of the cantons, cities and municipalities.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map 5 metropolitan areas / Les 5 aires métropolitaines ( Memento of the original dated September 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , As of December 5, 2000 / Etat au December 5, 2000, Sources: Swiss Federal Census 2000, FSO. EPFL -INTER-CHOROS / PD, MS, 2004 - BFS , on bfs.admin.ch
- ^ Schuler Martin, Joye Dominique, Dessemontet Pierre; Federal population census 2000. The spatial structures of Switzerland, FSO, Neuchâtel 2005.
- ↑ The term "individual town" or "isolated city" refers to cities without an associated agglomeration.
- ↑ recorded area excluding Lake Zurich and Greifensee
- ↑ a b As a result of the merger between Rapperswil and Jona, only two Sanktgallen municipalities actually belong to the Zurich metropolitan region.
- ↑ a b Resident population of the agglomeration of Zurich , City of Zurich, February 12, 2015, stadt-zuerich.ch
- ↑ a b Agglomerations ( Memento of the original from May 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , BFS at bfs.admin.ch
- ↑ Statistics City of Zurich: Zurich as a magnet for the population ( memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), 1/2007
- ^ Statutes ( Memento from March 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
literature
- Statistical yearbook of the city of Zurich 2007 . Statistics City of Zurich, Zurich 2006, ISBN 3-9522932-4-5
- Ralph Etter: Appenzell as part of the “Greater Zurich Area” - opportunities, risks and approaches . 2003
Web links
Commons : Metropolitan Region Zurich - Collection of images, videos and audio files
