Frauenfeld

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Frauenfeld
Frauenfeld coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of ThurgauCanton of Thurgau Thurgau (TG)
District : Frauenfeldw
BFS no. : 4566i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 8500-8503
UN / LOCODE : CH FRN
Coordinates : 709 835  /  268 281 coordinates: 47 ° 33 '22 "  N , 8 ° 53' 53"  O ; CH1903:  seven hundred and nine thousand eight hundred and thirty-five  /  two hundred and sixty-eight thousand two hundred eighty-one
Height : 417  m above sea level M.
Height range : 378-594 m above sea level M.
Area : 27.35  km²
Residents: i25,611 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 936 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners :
(residents without
citizenship ) 		23.6% (December 31, 2,018)
City President : Anders Stokholm ( FDP )
Website: www.frauenfeld.ch
View of Frauenfeld (2011) In the background Lake Constance

View of Frauenfeld (2011)
In the background Lake Constance
Location of the municipality
Mindelsee Bodensee Nussbommersee Raffoltersee Hasensee Hüttwilersee Guemüliweier Deutschland Deutschland Kanton St. Gallen Kanton Schaffhausen Kanton Schaffhausen Kanton Zürich Bezirk Kreuzlingen Bezirk Münchwilen Bezirk Weinfelden Basadingen-Schlattingen Berlingen TG Diessenhofen Eschenz Felben-Wellhausen Frauenfeld Gachnang Herdern TG Homburg TG Hüttlingen TG Hüttwilen Mammern Matzingen Müllheim TG Neunforn Pfyn Schlatt TG Steckborn Stettfurt Thundorf TG Uesslingen-Buch Wagenhausen TG Warth-WeiningenMap of Frauenfeld
About this picture
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The city of Frauenfeld (in the local dialect [ (ts) ˈfʀaʊəfɛld̥ ], older [ (ts) ˈfrɔʊəfɛld̥ ]) is a political municipality and the capital of the Swiss canton of Thurgau and the district of Frauenfeld .

To "our dear women field", ie one of the Mother of God consecrated hall , a plateau that steeply to the west Thur plain to the south in a rocky fall for Murg drops, the core of the city Frauenfeld was from about 1230 on a rectangle of 250 × 110 meters built.

The current city of Frauenfeld consists of the eight quarters Vorstadt (old town and upper suburb), Ergaten-Talbach , Kurzdorf , Langdorf , Herten-Bannhalde , Huben , Gerlikon and Erzenholz-Horgenbach-Osterhalden .

history

Historical aerial photo from 800 m by Walter Mittelholzer from 1929

Prehistory and early history

The oldest evidence of settlement in today's urban area are graves from the Latène period that were found east of Langdorf.

The Roman road from Oberwinterthur to Pfyn ran through the Grosse Allmend north of the city . There were manors at Talbach and Oberkirch , where a cemetery is documented for the early Middle Ages and a church was built in the 9th century at the latest.

Name and foundation of the city

For the first time, a document dated August 24, 1246, refers to Frauenfeld in the name of a knight ("B. von Vrowinvelt"). The settlement was probably built in the second third of the 13th century in the immediate vicinity of the tower of the Frauenfeld Castle , which was built no later than 1230 , on the grounds of the Reichenau monastery that stretched from Eschikofen to Gachnang . The first part of the name Frauenfeld may refer to the Virgin Mary , patron saint of the Reichenau monastery church in Mittelzell . In 1294, Duke Albrecht of Austria allowed the citizens of “Vrowenfeld” to declare their daughters to be entitled to inherit the same as their sons.

Only in 1286 is Frauenfeld attested as a city , which at that time was undoubtedly under Habsburg rule, whereas the exact circumstances for the time before have not been clarified.

Late Middle Ages

Frauenfeld castle with post office (left) and town hall (right)

The castle, formerly owned by the Knights of Frauenfeld-Wiesendangen , passed to the Landenbergers in the late 14th century . Through the permanent pledging of the County of Kyburg , from which the Frauenfeld office had previously been administered, the city now gained importance as a sovereign seat.

Between 1415 and 1442, Frauenfeld was under the patronage of an imperial bailiff, after which it belonged to Austria until the final conquest of Thurgau by the Confederates in 1460 .

In the period that followed, up to 1515, there were several daily statutes in Frauenfeld , and since 1499 the city had been the district court ; In 1499 Frauenfeld becomes the permanent seat of the Thurgau bailiff , who resided in the Spiegelhof from 1504 .

In 1512 the city received from Pope Julius II a valuable « Julius banner » for the services rendered in the grand piano procession in 1508–1510 to expel the French.

Early modern age

The city of Frauenfeld in Johannes Stumpf's chronicle (1548)

In 1579 Dorothea Merck from Frauenfeld was a victim of the witch hunt in Waldshut .

Although Frauenfeld had mostly converted to the Reformed Confession by 1531 , the Catholics were initially able to maintain their right to representation in the city authorities; only between 1712 and 1720 were they ousted from all municipal offices. Until the new Protestant town church was built in 1645, both denominations shared the two old churches in Frauenfeld and Oberkirch. In 1595 a Capuchin monastery was built in front of the city .

Since 1712, assemblies have been held in Frauenfeld several times (in regular alternation with Baden ), from 1742 to 1797 the Confederates finally met here permanently.

In 1771 and 1788, the town was ravaged by devastating fires that destroyed most of the old houses. Today's townscape was therefore largely shaped at the end of the 18th century, especially by the late baroque and classicist representative buildings, some of which can be traced back to the delegations of the various cantons (Lucerne House, Bern House).

The emerging industrialization in the 18th century was clearly hindered by the strong closure of urban trade, particularly promoted by the guilds founded in the late 17th century; it was limited to the suburbs, where some silk processing plants were established.

The first post office in Frauenfeld was set up on February 16, 1790 in the Gasthof Kreuz.

1798 until today

Catholic town church St. Nicholas

With the establishment of the Helvetic Republic , Frauenfeld became the main town in Thurgau, which was now released from the common rule of the eight old towns . The city has retained this position to this day, but the cantonal parliament has met every six months since 1832, alternately in Frauenfeld and Weinfelden .

On May 25, 1799, Frauenfeld became one of the venues of the Second Coalition War (1799-1802) in a battle when Austrian and French troops met there.

As a result of the political upheavals around 1800, the city opened up more and more. In 1807, the ban on naturalization that had existed since before 1606 was lifted, various political associations were founded and the Thurgauer Zeitung ( weekly newspaper for the canton of Thurgau until 1809 ) was published. Between 1804 and 1846 the fortifications fell, and in the years 1813 to 1816 Bernhard Greuter , who from 1805 ran a branch of his Islikon textile dye factory in Frauenfeld , had the moat filled and a promenade built.

In 1855 Frauenfeld was connected to the railway network with the opening of the Zurich - Romanshorn line; In 1887 the Frauenfeld-Wil-Bahn started operations.

In addition to the tower of the castle as a witness of the Middle Ages , Frauenfeld received two more towers in 1906, which gave the city its unmistakable face: the tower of the neo-baroque, Art Nouveau-style Catholic city ​​church St. Nikolaus with the 45 m high church tower and the octagonal tower facing south extended town hall. The square tower of the Protestant town church followed in the 30s.

Since 1812 the municipal community Frauenfeld existed with its local communities Frauenfeld, Langdorf , Kurzdorf , Huben , Herten and Horgenbach ; In 1849 the Aumühle and temporarily the hamlet of Schönenhof became a town. In 1919, all of these localities became part of the new unified community of Frauenfeld, to which the local community of Gerlikon and the hamlets of Schönenhof and Zelgli, which until then belonged to the local community of Oberwil , were added.

The Bürgergemeinde Frauenfeld lost its position as the wearer of the public interest in accordance with the new cantonal constitution on January 1, 1870th She still manages the resigned property of the citizens. The main public tasks are performed by the local community.

On November 24, 1898, the post office began operating in the main post office . For the first time, all postal services, letter post, telephone, telegraph and travel mail were under one roof.

coat of arms

Frauenfeld-blazon.svg

Blazon : In white a soaring, yellow armored , red lion , held by a red, yellow-adorned woman on a yellow chain.

The oldest city ​​seal from 1331 shows a lion and a woman back to back. With the Julius banner from 1515, today's depiction - lion and woman turned to the right - prevailed. The lion is reminiscent of the Habsburgs who inherited the rule from the Kyburgers. The woman stands for the Virgin Mary, the patroness of the Reichenau monastery. The colors red and white come from the coat of arms of the Reichenau monastery.

population

In 1919 the municipal community Frauenfeld and its six local communities Frauenfeld, Herten , Horgenbach , Huben , Kurzdorf and Langdorf formed the unified community of Frauenfeld . In 1998, the local community of Gerlikon , which was separated from the municipal community of Gachnang, and the districts of Zelgli and Schönenhof, which were separated from the local community of Oberwil (TG) (municipal community of Gachnang), were incorporated into the unified community of Frauenfeld.

As of December 31, 2018, Frauenfeld had 25,611 residents. In January 2017, the city reached the 25,000-inhabitant mark.

Of the total of 25,456 inhabitants in the municipality of Frauenfeld in 2018, 6000 or 23.6% were foreign nationals. At that time, Frauenfeld had 24,918 residents.

Population development in the area of ​​today's community of Frauenfeld
Population development in the community of Frauenfeld
year 1850 1870 1888 1900 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2000 2010 2018 2019
Residents 3444 5122 5996 7761 8459 8795 11,114 17,576 20,204 21,954 23,128 25,456 25,622
source

Nationalities

Of the total of 25,456 inhabitants of the municipality of Frauenfeld in 2018, 6000 or 23.6% were foreign nationals.

nationality 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 78.32% 82.25% 78.30% 77.53% 77.71%
ItalyItaly Italy 14.56% 9.85% 8.70% 6.76% 5.13%
PortugalPortugal Portugal nn nn 5.26% 4.90% 4.54%
GermanyGermany Germany 2.20% 1.40% 1.19% 1.37% 3.20%
North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia Macedonia nn nn nn 1.91% 1.86%
TurkeyTurkey Turkey 0.34% 0.85% 1.35% 1.18% 0.83%
SpainSpain Spain 1.60% 1.31% 1.19% 0.82% 0.54%
AustriaAustria Austria 1.19% 0.69% 0.53% 0.55% 0.44%
CroatiaCroatia Croatia nn nn nn 0.57% 0.38%
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina nn nn nn 0.45% 0.22%

Denominations

At the end of 2018, 8,527 (33.5%) residents belonged to the Roman Catholic Church (2011: 35.6%) and 8,501 (33.4%) of the Evangelical Church of the Canton of Thurgau . (2011: 38.8%).

The local section of the Evangelical Alliance consists of seven Evangelical congregations and groups.

  • Evangelical town church

  • Frauenfeld city center from the west

  • St. Gallerstrasse, Marktplatz and Frauenfeld-Wil-Bahn

  • Openair Frauenfeld

economy

Frauenfeld sugar factory

Frauenfeld is the location of numerous companies. The companies SIGG , Sia Abrasives , Baumer , Zur Rose and the European headquarters of the American chemical company Chemtura are of global importance . The sugar factory in Oberwiesen in the west of Frauenfeld is important for agriculture . Frauenfeld is also the location of a parcel distribution center for Swiss Post . Another major economic factor is the arsenal (military training ground) on the Allmend in the north of the city.

In 2016, Frauenfeld provided work for 15,780 people (converted to full-time positions). Of these, 0.7% worked in agriculture and forestry, 26.3% in industry, trade and construction and 73.0% in the service sector.

politics

legislative branch

City Council Frauenfeld 2019
3
4th
8th
3
2
4th
6th
1
9
3 4th 8th 3 2 4th 6th 1 9 
A total of 40 seats

The city parliament of Frauenfeld is the 40-member local council . The distribution of seats after the election on March 31, 2019 is as follows:

National elections

In the 2019 National Council elections, the proportion of votes in Frauenfeld was:

SVP SP FDP Green glp CVP EPP BDP EDU
26.6% 18.1% 14.3% 13.0% 10.6% 10.4% 3.3% 1.9% 1.8%

traffic

railroad

Bahnhofplatz Frauenfeld with fwb

The city's train station is located on the SBB route between Winterthur and Weinfelden, and the Frauenfeld-Wil train has its terminus at the train station, so there are direct connections to Winterthur / Zurich / Bern , Romanshorn , Konstanz and Wil SG .

Two more train stations or S-Bahn stops in the urban area in the north and west of the existing train station were considered. Initially, such a project would probably be implemented in the east near Langdorf ( Langdorf train station ).

Street

Enter the underground roundabout (with access to the parking garage) at the Frauenfeld train station

Frauenfeld is located on the A7 (Frauenfeld West and Frauenfeld Ost) and A1 (Matzingen / Frauenfeld Süd) motorways, the city is the junction of the main roads 1 and 14 .

Project Frauenfeld Bahnhof 2000

Since 1999, Frauenfeld has allegedly owned the first underground roundabout in Europe. Thanks to this roundabout, Bahnhofplatz is largely closed to the public. In a referendum on March 11, 2007, the F21 (reducing traffic congestion and upgrading the city center) was voted on. This second tunneling under the inner city was just rejected.

Planned road bypass

Based on the high traffic figures in the city center, which may continue to rise, plans are in progress for a bypass or urban relief road. Already in 2007 there was a vote on the project "F21-relief city center". At that time the project was rejected by the voting population with a no of 51.6%.

The planning of a bypass road did not end there. In 2017 and 2018, 7 options for urban relief close to the center were discussed.

bus

Postbus runs 12 bus routes to Frauenfeld: the numbers 819, 822, 823, 825, 826, 828, 829, 834, 835, 836, 837, and 838.

City bus

The city of Frauenfeld has a city bus with 5 lines ( Stadtbus Frauenfeld ).

Night taxi

In 1995 the city bus night round courses were canceled. On behalf of the Frauenfeld city bus administration, shared taxis from the Ilg company have been used since 1998.

Attractions

Old town of Frauenfeld

The traffic-calmed old town with embassy houses from the 18th century is located above the train station . Here above the Murg , the Frauenfeld Castle and the town hall stand side by side. In the city center there are other distinctive buildings steeped in history such as the Baliere on Kreuzplatz and the Bernerhaus on Bankplatz. Frauenfeld is listed in the inventory of places worth protecting in Switzerland .

In the southern row of houses in the old town is the Reformed town church , in the New Objectivity style, with a Metzler organ from 1985 and a choir window designed by Augusto Giacometti in 1930 . In the interior of the Catholic Church of St. Nikolaus , built in 1906, there are altar murals by Karl Manninger and a Metzler organ . In the short village (north of the Murg) is the simple St. Johann church with frescoes from the 14th century. The oldest church in Frauenfeld is the St. Laurentius Church in Oberkirch, first mentioned in 889.

On the hill above Langdorf is the Plättli Zoo , which houses around fifty animal species from all over the world and a petting zoo.

The city of Frauenfeld is listed in the inventory of places worth protecting in Switzerland .

Culture

The city has three cantonal museums: the Historical Museum in Schloss Frauenfeld , the Nature Museum , which was nominated for the European Museum Prize in 2012, the Museum of Archeology , and the cantonal library . Other cultural institutions are the KAFF cultural venue, the Gleis 5 theater workshop, the Baliere city ​​gallery, the Oberherten observatory , the city casino and the Rüegerholz festival hall.

The former screw factory is now an ironworks, a culture, living and work center and has been awarded the Swiss Heritage Protection Prize and a UNESCO Prize. The Ittingen Charterhouse with the Thurgau Art Museum and the Monastery Museum as well as a conference center are located in close proximity to Frauenfeld .

The major international cultural event in Frauenfeld is the Openair Frauenfeld on the Grosse Allmend, which has been taking place since 1985 and is now the largest hip-hop open-air in Europe. A blues festival takes place annually in Frauenfeld and the international jazz meeting Generations takes place every two years . The youth culture award takes place in Frauenfeld every two years.

sport and freetime

The Kleine Allmend sports field includes a complete athletics facility, five large grass pitches, an artificial turf pitch and a fin track. Right next to it is an artificial ice rink and a modern skate park. The Frauenfeld racecourse is located on the Grosse Allmend . There is also a year-round swimming pool with an indoor pool, an outdoor pool, a whirlpool and a 50-meter sports pool. The local football club, FC Frauenfeld , plays in the 2nd league Interregional Group 6 in the 2017/18 season . The ice hockey club, EHC Frauenfeld , is based in the 1st league East . The ladies of the Floorball Association UH Red Lions Frauenfeld play in the top division, the National League A .

education

There are nine primary schools in Frauenfeld, namely Ergaten, Erzenholz, Herten, Huben, Kurzdorf, Langdorf, Oberwiesen, Schollenholz and Spanner, as well as the secondary schools Auen and Reutenen.

The canton school Frauenfeld is located on Ringstrasse , the oldest and largest of the four Thurgau middle schools. The Thurgauisch-Schaffhausen Matura School TSME is also located in the premises of the canton school . The education center for technology is located in the Kurzdorf district directly on the Murg . The education center for technology is a vocational school, vocational school and the location of a higher technical school in the fields of mechanical engineering, system technology, computer science and business informatics.

The House of Learning , the Migros Club School and the School for Business and Languages (SWS) also have locations in Frauenfeld . There is also a youth music school, a picture school, an adult education center and the autonomous school in Frauenfeld , run by associations .

  • Spanner primary school, Frauenfeld

  • Training center for technology, Frauenfeld

Twin cities

  • AustriaAustria Kufstein : Frauenfeld has had a partnership with Kufstein in Austria since the Second World War . The town twinning is promoted in the form of an exchange of culture, gifts and information as well as joint events.

photos

  • Frauenfeld town hall

  • Thurgauer Kantonalbank, Frauenfeld

  • Cantonal Library Frauenfeld

  • Main post office Frauenfeld

Personalities

Well-known sons and daughters

The following personalities were born in Frauenfeld. The listing is done chronologically according to year of birth:

«City originals»

  • Maria Ammann (Runde-Marie) (1913–1989), landlady
  • Hans Sollberger (Solli) (1919–1991), hairdresser and honorary barber for the city of Frauenfeld

Other personalities in connection with Frauenfeld

  • Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815), doctor and healer, founder of “animal magnetism”. As early as 1794 he had acquired the Thurgau land law. He lived in 1809, 1811 and 1814 (tax lists) at Zürcherstrasse 153.
  • Peter Bein (1736–1818), master builder
  • Johann Konrad Kern (1808–1888), lawyer and national councilor. Honorary Citizen of Frauenfeld (1852)
  • Fritz Wartenweiler (1889–1985), writer, educator, public educator. Died in Frauenfeld.
  • Hans Baumgartner (1911–1996), photographer and teacher. At the Frauenfeld nursing school from 1969 to 1977, lived in Frauenfeld from 1993 until his death.
  • Kurt Felix (1941–2012), television presenter and journalist. 1960 to 1965 teacher at the primary and vocational school in Frauenfeld
  • Pepe Lienhard (* 1946), musician (orchestra leader and band leader), born in Lenzburg, lives in Frauenfeld
  • Manuel Liniger (Manillio) (* 1987), Swiss rapper, born in Frauenfeld, grew up in Solothurn

Web links

Commons : Frauenfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Frawenfeld in the Topographia Helvetiae, Rhaetiae et Valesiae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Localities and their resident population. Edition 2019 . On the website of the Statistical Office of the Canton of Thurgau (Excel table; 0.1 MB), accessed on April 28, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b Thurgau in figures 2019 . On the website of the Statistical Office of the Canton of Thurgau (PDF file; 1.8 MB), accessed on April 28, 2020.
  4. ↑ a b Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by the Center de dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld / Stuttgart / Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1308-5 and Éditions Payot, Lausanne 2005, ISBN 2-601-03336-3 , p. 366.
  5. ^ Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland , Volume V, Map 1.
  6. ↑ Department f. Upbringing Culture d. Canton of Thurgau: Thurgauer Namenbuch, Volume 1.1 ( ISBN 3-7193-1309-3 ), p. 492ff
  7. ↑ a b History of the Bürgergemeinde Frauenfeld, editor Bürgergemeinde Frauenfeld, p. 3
  8. ↑ Winfried Hecht: The Julius banner of the town facing Rottweil. In: Der Geschichtsfreund: Messages from the Central Switzerland Historical Association . 126/7 (1973/4). doi: 10.5169 / seals-118647
  9. ^ Message from Titus Moser, President of the Bürgergemeinde Frauenfeld
  10. ↑ a b municipal coat of arms . On the website of the State Archives of the Canton of Thurgau, accessed on December 8, 2019
  11. ↑ a b c population development of the municipalities. Canton Thurgau, 1850–2000 and resident population of the municipalities and change from the previous year. Canton of Thurgau, 1990–2018. On the website of the Statistical Office of the Canton of Thurgau (Excel tables; 0.1 MB each), accessed on April 28, 2020.
  12. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Erwin Eugster, Gregor Spuhler , Beat Gnädinger: Frauenfeld. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  14. ↑ Facts & Figures. Retrieved April 18, 2020 (Swiss Standard German).
  15. ↑ http://www.frauenfeld.ch/documents/130114_FFinZahlen.pdf page 10. (accessed on: August 6, 2013).
  16. ↑ https://www.evang-frauenfeld.ch/allianz Evangelical Alliance in Frauenfeld
  17. ↑ Renewal election of the Frauenfeld municipal council on March 31, 2019 (PDF) Stadt Frauenfeld, March 31, 2019, accessed on March 31, 2019 .
  18. ^ Federal Statistical Office : NR - Results parties (municipalities) (INT1). In: Federal Elections 2019 | opendata.swiss. August 8, 2019, accessed August 1, 2020 .
  19. ↑ Simple inquiry regarding "Bahnhof Frauenfeld Ost (S-Bahn connection)" from the municipal councilors Stefan Geiges and Andreas Elliker
  20. ↑ Frauenfeld - first underground roundabout of this kind worldwide.
  21. ^ No to project F21 ( memento of April 26, 2018 in the Internet Archive ), Tagblatt on March 12, 2007.
  22. ↑ 7 variants for urban relief close to the center in Frauenfeld , Stadt Frauenfeld on November 20, 2017.
  23. ^ Hans Weber: Night taxi. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 26, 2016 ; Retrieved November 3, 2017 .
  24. ↑ "Erlebniswelt Regio Frauenfeld": http://www.regiofrauenfeld.ch/xml_1/internet/de/application/d83/f147.cfm , as of June 14, 2012
  25. ↑ Jürg Ganz: The churches of Frauenfeld TG. (Swiss Art Guide, No. 246). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Bern 1979, ISBN 978-3-85782-246-9 .
  26. ↑ Regio Frauenfeld, Freizeit: http://www.regiofrauenfeld.ch/xml_1/internet/de/application/d83/d114/f184.cfm , as of June 14, 2012
  27. ↑ Official website of the Kartause Ittingen: http://www.kunstmuseum.ch,/ Status: June 14, 2012
  28. ↑ Official website of the city of Frauenfeld: http://www.frauenfeld.ch/xml_1/internet/de/application/d820/d1942/f1944.cfm ; As of June 14, 2012
  29. ↑ Official website of the city of Frauenfeld: http://www.frauenfeld.ch/xml_1/internet/de/application/d10/d194/f1690.cfm , as of June 14, 2012
  30. ↑ Official website of the city of Frauenfeld: http://www.frauenfeld.ch/xml_1/internet/de/application/d820/d1943/f1956.cfm , as of June 14, 2012
  31. ↑ Official website of the Bruderklausen Chapel: https://www.bruderklausen-kapelle.ch/geschichte/ ; As of May 19, 2018
  32. ↑ Karl Bittel : The famous Mr. Doct. Mesmer. 1734-1815. In his footsteps on Lake Constance in Thurgau and in the margraviate of Baden with some new contributions to Mesmer research. Aug. Feyel, printing and publishing house, Überlingen 1939. pp. 17–18.