Petrus Dasypodius

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Petrus Dasypodius

Petrus Dasypodius (born around 1490 in or near Frauenfeld ; died on February 28, 1559 in Strasbourg ) was a Swiss humanist and the author of a Latin-German dictionary that was published in numerous editions and was important for the history of language.

Life

The name Dasypodius is a Latinization from ancient Greek δασύπους dasypous , German 'Rauchfuß' = hare, from δασύς 'thickly hairy'. The German name of Dasypodius is not known, it was probably Hasenfratz, maybe also Hasenfuß, Rauhfuß, Rauchfuß or Has, Häsli or Häslein . Dasypodius was a Reformed denomination and married. The name of the wife is not known, her name was probably Veronika. This marriage resulted in three children, including the mathematician Conrad Dasypodius , whose calculations were the basis for the construction of the famous astronomical clock of the Strasbourg cathedral .

In 1524 Dasypodius became a chaplain in his home town of Frauenfeld, and from 1530 he was also a schoolmaster and preacher there. In 1527 he was appointed by the reformer Zwingli as a teacher of ancient languages ​​at the Fraumünster School in Zurich, where he taught until 1529. In 1530 he returned to Frauenfeld, but after the battle of Kappel in 1531, like his friend Heinrich Bullinger, he had to leave home with his family. He only had a job again in 1533, when Martin Bucer, on the recommendation of Thomas Blaurer and his brother Ambrosius, made him head of the Latin school of the Carmelite monastery in Strasbourg. In Strasbourg he met the influential school reformer Johannes Sturm and from 1538 took over the teaching of the upper classes of the Schola Argentoratensis grammar school, which was directed by Sturm, in classical languages. In 1540 he was appointed canon of the St. Thomas Foundation , and in 1551 he became dean .

During the years of teaching at the Latin school, the Dictionarium Latinogermanicum was created , a humanistic, alphabetically and etymologically organized Latin-German school dictionary, which was first published in 1535. A second increased edition appeared as early as 1536, as the first edition had been published hastily at the insistence of the printer (Theodosius Rihel) and had some weaknesses. This version from 1536, which was decisive for the further history of printing, has a structure that was new at the time, namely an alphabetically arranged part, Latin-German and German-Latin, as well as an onomasiological part, i.e. also classified according to subject groups, also Latin-German and German-Latin. The concept for such a structure goes back to the Spanish humanist Antonio de Nebrija .

Dasypodius' Dictionarium was to become the most successful humanistic school dictionary. Up to 1600 alone, it saw up to 29 prints, a further six prints in the 17th century and 17 editions of the so-called Dasypodius Catholicus , which appeared in Cologne from 1633 to 1709. Far more important than the purely publishing success is the influence of the neologisms formed by Dasypodius for the German part of the dictionary on the development of German and not just German. Dasypodius' work had an impact on German dictionaries until the 19th century and on the lexicography of the Netherlands, Bohemia, Sweden, Hungary and Poland. Of the nearly 2000 German translations of Latin terms first documented by Dasypodius, a considerable part (approx. 30%) found their way into the German vocabulary, including readers, abomination, accused, cash, farm, regret, pumice stone, bread bin, buyer, nutrition, conquest, Educator, general, finger ring, torture, princely house, ugliness, peninsula, legume, consonant, varicose vein, district administrator, boredom, freak, wickedness, senior doctor, passport, poltergeist, bird of prey, spelling, office, shot saw, senselessness, sunrise, parasol, sundial, Noun, inundation, impermanence, delusion, diminution, slander, engagement, assignment, contraction, and spectator.

In addition to the Dictionarium , Dasypodius wrote a Greek-Latin school dictionary, a Latin school comedy in verse ( Philargyrus, 1530) and, about the Strasbourg school, the writing De schola urbis Argentoratensis (1556).

Works

Title page of the Dictionarium from 1535
  • Dictionarium Voces Propemodum Universas in autoribus latinae linguae probatis, ac vulgo receptis occurrentes Germanice explicans, pro iuventute Germanica primum in literis Tyrocinium faciente, fideliter et magno labore iam recens concinnatum [= Dictionarium Latinogermanicum]. Strasbourg 1535, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdiglib.hab.de%2Fdrucke%2Fn-77-4f-helmst-2%2Fstart.htm~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D . 2nd edition, expanded to include a Latin-German glossary and German-Latin index parts, 1536. Reprint: Ed. By Gilbert de Smet. Hildesheim / New York 1974.
  • Lexicon graecolatinum in usum iuventutis Graecarum literarum studiosae, diligenter congestum. Strasbourg 1539.
  • De schola urbis Argentoratensis. Strasbourg 1556. New edition: Ed. Dieter Launert. Transcription and translation by Dominique Brabant. Meldorf 2006.
  • Philargyrus comoedia: Lusus adolescentiae. Strasbourg 1565.

literature

  • Frans Claes: Bibliographical index of German vocabularies and dictionaries, printed up to 1600. Hildesheim & New York 1977, No. 341, 350 f., 355, 359 f., 373, 384 f., 397, 400, 412 f., 448 , 470, 477, 489, 493, 496, 502, 526, 531, 546, 592, 631 f., 760, 809, 822.
  • Alfred Hartmann:  Dasypodius (Hasenfratz), Petrus. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 520 ( digitized version ).
  • Frédéric Hartweg: Petrus Dasypodius. Un lexicographe suisse fait école à Strasbourg. In: Etudes germaniques 50 (1995), pp. 397-412.
  • William J. Jones: German Lexicography in the European Context. Berlin & New York 2000.
  • Peter O. Müller: German lexicography of the 16th century. Tübingen 2001.
  • Peter O. Müller: Dasypodius, Petrus. In: Author's Lexicon - Early Modern Times in Germany 1520–1620. Vol. 2. De Gruyter, Berlin & Boston 2012.
  • Jean Rott: Petrus Dasypodius, Dasipodius, Hasenfratz. In: Nouveau dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne. Vol. 7, p. 582.
  • Ludwig Adolf Spach :  Dasypodius, Petrus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 763.
  • René Verdeyen: Petrus Dasypodius en Antonius Schorus. Liege 1939.
  • Arno Schirokauer : Dasypodius studies. In: Studies on early New High German lexicology and lexicography of the 16th century, partly from the estate ed. by Klaus-Peter Wegera. Heidelberg 1987 (= Studies on Early New High German , 8), pp. 38–121.
  • Jonathan West: Lexical Innovation in Dasypodius' Dictionary. Berlin & New York 1989.
  • Jonathan West: Definitions in Dasypodius' Dictionary. In: 'The invisible bond of language'. Studies in German language and linguistic history. Ed. John L. Flood et al. a. Stuttgart 1993, pp. 127-147.
  • Jonathan West: On the composition types in Dasypodius' dictionary. In: Diversity of German. Festschrift Werner Besch. Ed. Klaus J. Mattheier u. a. Frankfurt am Main & Berlin 1993, pp. 127-147.
  • Jonathan West: Reassessing Serranus. In: 'Vir ingenio mirandus'. Studies presented to JL Flood. Ed. WJ Jones et al. a. Göppingen 2003, pp. 773-791.
  • Jonathan West: Dasypodius, Petrus. In: Wilhelm Kühlmann (Ed.): Killy Literature Lexicon . Authors and works from the German-speaking cultural area. 2., completely revised Ed. De Gruyter, Berlin 2008, vol. 2, p. 555 f.
  • Sylva Wetekamp: Petrus Dasypodius, Dictionarium latinogermanicum et vice versa (1535): Studies on vocabulary. (Phil. Dissertation Munich 1979) Göppingen 1980 (= Göppinger works on German studies , 282).
  • Rüdiger Zymner: Dasypodius, Petrus. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .

Web links

Commons : Petrus Dasypodius  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schola Argentoratensis = "Strasbourg School", today's Jean-Sturm-Gymnasium (Gymnase Jean Sturm).
  2. ↑ Anton Schorus 1,542th
  3. ↑ Thomas Reschel: Dictionarium Latinobohemicum. Olomouc 1560.
  4. ↑ Albertus Molnar: Dictionarium Latinoungaricum. Nuremberg 1604.
  5. ↑ Nikolaus Volkmar: Dictionarium trilingue tripartitum ad discendam linguam Latinam Polonicam et Germanicam accommodatum . Danzig 1596.
personal data
SURNAME Dasypodius, Peter
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hasenfratz, Peter (German form of name, uncertain)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION humanistic teacher and lexicographer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1490
PLACE OF BIRTH Frauenfeld or near Frauenfeld
DATE OF DEATH February 28, 1559
Place of death Strasbourg