Johannes Sturm

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tobias Stimmer: Portrait of Johannes Sturm, detail (ETH Zurich)
Johannes Sturm (relief) at the former Landtag / today National Theater Strasbourg

Johannes Sturm , Latinized Johannes Sturmius , French Jean Sturm , also Johann Sturm (born October 1, 1507 in Schleiden , then in the Luxembourg Eifel ; † March 3, 1589 in Strasbourg , Alsace ) was a German humanist , philologist , pedagogue and school reformer. He has had a major impact on the European education system.

Life

Johannes Sturm, son of a rent master of the Counts of Manderscheid , attended the Hieronymites School of the Brothers from Living Together in Liège from 1521 to 1524 and then studied at the University of Leuven . During his studies he dealt with the work of Erasmus of Rotterdam . In Leuven he founded a printing house with a Graecist , in which he mainly published Greek classics. 1529 he received a reputation as a professor of classical languages and logic at the Collège Royal in Paris . Sturm was considered to be a representative of the educational ideas of Philipp Melanchthon and the theological teachings of the Reformation , which he followed without dogmatically adhering to any particular direction in the following years.

In 1537 he was called to Strasbourg by Jakob Sturm von Sturmeck (who was not related to him) and the Strasbourg reformer Martin Bucer , where in the following year he founded a grammar school , the Schola Argentoratensis ( Strasbourg school ), in addition to the already existing theological convict and pedagogy - today's Jean-Sturm-Gymnasium ( Gymnase Jean Sturm ) - and whose first rector became. In the same year, the Protestant philologist , physician and anatomist Johann Winter von Andernach , who was famous for his translations of the writings of Greek doctors ( Galen and others) , settled down. Sturm hired him as a Greek teacher at his newly founded grammar school. He had published the reorganization of the school system in Strasbourg as well as the curriculum, method and goal in his work De litterarum ludis recte aperiendis liber . The educationally progressive school at the time offered lectures in dialectics, rhetoric, theology, philosophy, law and medicine. In 1566 she received the academy privilege from Emperor Maximilian II and was therefore able to award doctorates , among other things . Martin Crusius was one of Sturm's students .

This quickly became a model for humanistic school design across Europe . Sturm summarized his ideas mainly in the writing Scholae Lauinganae ("Lauingische Schools", 1565). He was ennobled by Charles V.

The Calvinist Sturm was fought in 1582 after attempts to mediate between French Huguenots and German Protestants , in particular by his Strasbourg professor colleague Johannes Marbach , but also by Johannes Pappus , Lucas Osiander and Jakob Andreae and finally deposed as rector of the academy by the Strasbourg council.

Fonts (selection)

  • De literarum ludis recte aperiendis (German: From the playful appropriation of letters ), 1538, also 1543 and 1557
  • Partitionum dialecticarum libri II priores , 1539 (liber III., 1543; liber IV., 1548, also 1571 and 1592)
  • De amissa et recuperanda dicendi ratione (German: From lost and regained speaking ), 1539
  • De amissa dicendi ratione, et quomodo ea recuperanda sit (German: From lost speaking, and in what way it is restored ), libri duo, Strasbourg o. J.
  • Edition of Cicero, 1540 ff. (Another after Naugerius and Victorius in 9 vols. 1557)
  • Prolegomena (Praefationes) (German: Preface (Introduction) ), 1541
  • De nobilitate literata (German: From the literary nobility ), 1549
  • Leges scholae lauinganae (German: Law School in Lauingen ), 1565
  • Epistolae academicae (German: Academic Letter ), 1569
  • De formis orationis (German: Von den Sprachformen ), 1571
  • De imitatione oratoria (German: From the mimicking speakers ), 1574
  • De exercitationibus rhetoricis (German: From the rhetorical practice ), 1575
  • De universa ratione Elocutionis Rhetoricae , libri IV, 1576
  • Platonis Gorgias aut de rhetorica , Strasbourg 1541 (therein De ratione interrogandi atque collocandi dialectica ad Iacobum Bonerum ); in addition, comments on the rhetoric of Cicero , Aristotle , Hermogenes and others. a.

literature

  • Simona Negruzzo: L'Alsace et Jean Sturm. Réforme et modèles pédagogiques au XVIe siècle. In: Protestantisme et éducation dans la France moderne. Édité par l'équipe Religions, Sociétés Et Acculturation (RESEA) du Laboratoire de Recherche Historique Rhône-Alpes (LARHRA, UMR 5190), Lyon 2014, pp. 53–72.
  • Hans-Josef Krey:  Sturm, Johannes. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 11, Bautz, Herzberg 1996, ISBN 3-88309-064-6 , Sp. 145-149.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Ernst Laas : The pedagogy of Johannes Sturm. Leipzig 1872.
  • Jean Rott: Bibliography des œuvres imprimés du recteur Strasbourgeois Jean Sturm (1507-1589) . In: Actes du 95e congrès nationale des sociétés savantes . Section de philologie et d'histoire jusqu'à 1610, Reims 1970, t. l, 319-404
  • Anton Schindling : Humanistic University and Free Imperial City - Gymnasium and Academy in Strasbourg 1538 to 1621 (= publications of the Institute for European History Mainz, vol. 77). Wiesbaden 1977, 441 pages. Translation into French: L'Ecole latine et l'Académie de 1538 à 1621, in: Pierre SCHANG / Georges LIVET (ed.), Histoire du Gymnase Jean Sturm. Berceau de l'Université de Strasbourg 1538–1988 (= Société Savante d'Alsace et des Régions de l'Est. Collection "Grandes Publications", vol. 34). Strasbourg 1988, 17-154.
  • Charles Schmidt: La vie et les travaux de Jean Sturm . Strasbourg 1855 (with bibliography)
  • Bernd Schröder (ed.): Johannes Sturm (1507–1589) - educator of the Reformation. Jena 2009, ISBN 978-3-938203-88-0 .
  • Barbara Sher Tinsley: Johann's Sturms method for humanistic pedagogy . In: Sixteenth century journal   Vol. 20, New York and Kirksville ( MO ) 1989, pp. 23-41; ISSN  0361-0160
  • Walter Sohm: The school of Johann Storm and the church of Strasbourg in their mutual relationship 1530-1581, A contribution to the history of the German Renaissance . Munich-Berlin 1912
  • Nathalie de Swaef: Joannes Sturmius, 1559 - 1650, a bio-bibliographical study . Dissertation XXIV, 119 sheets, Leuven (Louvain, Löwen) 1991
  • Theobald Ziegler :  Sturm, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 37, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 21-38.
  • Storm (Johann). In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 40, Leipzig 1744, column 1413-1416. (extensive list of publications)
  • Storm  Johann 3). In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 17 . Altenburg 1863, p. 11 ( zeno.org ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b see web link Philosophengalerie der Universität Düsseldorf
  2. ↑ see BBKL
  3. ↑ see Pierer
personal data
SURNAME Sturm, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sturm, Jean; Sturmius, Ioannes (Latinized name); Sturm, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant scholar and educator
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1507
PLACE OF BIRTH Schleiden
DATE OF DEATH March 3, 1589
Place of death Strasbourg