Thur (Rhine)

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Thur
upper course name: Säntisthur
The Thur near Stein SG

The Thur near Stein SG

Data
Water code CH : 285
location Switzerland
River system Rhine
Drain over Rhine  → North Sea
source at Chalbersäntis
47 ° 14 '28 "  N , 9 ° 20' 46"  O
Source height approx.  2035  m above sea level M.
muzzle near Flaach in the Rhine Coordinates: 47 ° 35 '39 "  N , 8 ° 35' 23"  E ; CH1903:  686 581  /  272 137 47 ° 35 '39 "  N , 8 ° 35' 23"  O
Mouth height 345  m above sea level M.
Height difference approx. 1690 m
Bottom slope approx. 13 ‰
length 135 km
Catchment area 1,759.58 km²
Discharge at the Jonschwil gauge , Mühlau
A Eo : 493 km² 		NNQ (1991)
MNQ 1966–2016
MQ 1966–2016
Mq 1966–2016
 MHQ 1966–2016
HHQ (2013) 		1.03 m³ / s
13.2 m³ / s
20.7 m³ / s
42 l / (s km²)
 29.5 m³ / s
565 m³ / s
Discharge at the Halden
A Eo gauge : 1085 km² 		NNQ (2003)
MNQ 1978–2016
MQ 1978–2016
Mq 1978–2016
 MHQ 1978–2016
HHQ (1978) 		3.02 m³ / s
25 m³ / s
38.3 m³ / s
35.3 l / (s km²)
 52.3 m³ / s
1174 m³ / s
Discharge at the Andelfingen
A Eo gauge : 1702 km² 		NNQ (1947)
MNQ 1904–2016
MQ 1904–2016
Mq 1904–2016
 MHQ 1904–2016
HHQ (1999) 		2.24 m³ / s
23.3 m³ / s
46.9 m³ / s
27.6 l / (s km²)
 76.4 m³ / s
1129 m³ / s
Left tributaries Murg
Right tributaries Necker , Uze , Glatt , Sitter
Small towns Lichtensteig , Uzwil , Bischofszell , Weinfelden , Frauenfeld
Communities Canton of St. Gallen: Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann , Nesslau , Ebnat-Kappel , Wattwil , Lichtensteig , Bütschwil-Ganterschwil , Lütisburg , Kirchberg SG , Jonschwil , Uzwil , Zuzwil SG , Oberbüren , Niederbüren
Canton of Thurgau: Bischofszell , Hohentannen , Kradolf- Schönenberg , Bürglen TG , Weinfelden , Bussnang , Amlikon-Bissegg , Wigoltingen , Müllheim TG , Hüttlingen TG , Pfyn , Felben-Wellhausen , Warth-Weiningen , Frauenfeld , Uesslingen-Buch , Neunforn
Canton of Zurich: Altikon , Ossingen , Thalheim an der Thur , Adlikon near Andelfingen , Kleinandelfingen , Andelfingen ZH , Flaach
Thur (Rhein) (Switzerland)
source
source
muzzle
muzzle
Source and mouth of the Thur

The Thur is an approximately 135 km long left tributary of the Rhine . It is the second longest river in eastern Switzerland after the Rhine .

Surname

The name Thur is derived from the Indo-European word dhu ("the hurrying one"). The canton of Thurgau is named after the body of water .

Data

The Thur has a total length of 134.6 km from the source of the Säntisthur to the confluence with the Rhine. Of these, 68 kilometers are in the canton of St. Gallen , 42 kilometers in the canton of Thurgau and 19 kilometers in the canton of Zurich . Its catchment area has an area of ​​around 1760 km².

geography

course

overview

The source of the Säntisthur is on the Chalbersäntis above Unterwasser in the Toggenburg . After two waterfalls, the Thurfällen in wooded Chämmerlitobel, the Säntisthur in underwater united with the Wildhauser Thur and flows as Thur through the Toggenburg (see map: Map ).

In Lütisburg opens Necker in the Thur. From Wil SG the Thur flows east. At Oberbüren , where the Glatt flows into the Thur, it leaves the Toggenburg region and continues to flow in a north-easterly direction into the canton of Thurgau . In Bischofszell the Sitter flows into the Thur, which from then on flows further northwest. In Frauenfeld which opens Murg in the Thur. The Thur reaches the Rhine near Flaach and Ellikon am Rhein.

As far as Kradolf , the Thur runs in a rock bed, after which the river bed consists of debris from the river and glacial deposits from the Säntis glacier.

River sections

Thurquelle – Wattwil

The source of the Thur is in Trosen . Then it flows through Unterwasser , where the Wildhauser Thur joins, to Alt St. Johann and from there to Starkenbach , where the Neuenalpbach and the Leistbach join . In Müli in stone which leads Wissthur one after the Chlusbach in ensign has accrued. In the center of Nesslau , the Luteren flows into the Thur, before the Lütisbach flows into Krummenau one village further . The Steintaler Bach , Stelzbach and shortly thereafter the Mettlenbach flow into Ebnat-Kappel , and at the Rickenpass shortly before Wattwil the Rickenbach joins, then the Feldbach.

Wattwil – Schwarzenbach

In Krinau after Lichtensteig the Krinaubach is added. A little later, in the center of Dietfurt (municipality of Bütschwil-Ganterschwil ), the Taabach flows into it . Shortly afterwards the Tobelackerbach flows into the Thur. Without any other large estuaries, it goes to Lütisburg , where the Necker flows into it.

Schwarzenbach-Weinfelden

Without large tributaries, but with a large curve, it goes via Schwarzenbach near Wil to Niederuzwil , where the Uze joins. Immediately afterwards the Glatt flows into Oberbüren . In Bischofszell the river bed almost turns around while the Sitter flows in. The Rütibach flows into the vicinity of Bürglen , and the Giessen flows into one municipality further, in Weinfelden .

Weinfelden – Rhine estuary

Then it goes to Pfyn , where the inland canal and the Chemenbach flow. When you finally arrive in Frauenfeld , the Murg flows into the Thur. In Thalheim , the left-Thur single channel flows with the Tägelbach and Ellikerbach to. Then it flows through Andelfingen . The Niderwisenbach flows into it shortly after the Thur has flowed past Wäspersbüel and shortly before it flows into the Rhine .

Catchment area

The Thur's catchment area is 1759.58 km² and consists of 29.1% wooded area , 58.6% agricultural area and 9.4% settlement area .

The mean height of the catchment area is 755  m above sea level. M. , the minimum height is 343  m above sea level. M. and the maximum height at 2501  m above sea level. M.

Tributaries

Flood

The course of the Thur is not balanced by a lake. From the source to the confluence with the Rhine, it therefore remains a torrent which, depending on the weather and climate, tends to flood very quickly.

Andelfingen measuring point

The mean annual flood of the Thur is 588.52 m³ / s. The highest annual peak ever recorded was measured in 1999 and was 1130 m³ / s.

The table of flood probabilities for the Thur at the last measuring point before the confluence with the Rhine.

Probability of occurrence of annual flood values ​​( HQn ) Measurement
period 1904–2012 Measurement site
: Thur - Andelfingen - 2044
Annuality (years) 2 5 20th 30th 50 100
Discharge (m³ / s) 572 727 819 943 996 1065
Note to HQN: the number corresponding to the high water flow (HQ =  H ochwasser q uantität) in m³ / s, which - repeated with the specified return period (n = number of years) - the average.

Further measuring points

The BfU measuring point network records the following additional measuring points for the Thur:

  • Thur - Halden
  • Thur - Jonschwil, Mühlau

Fish death

Since 2015 there has been a fish death every summer below Bütschwil , in which 80 to 90 percent of the young fish population of the brown trout have died. In 2019, all of the dead animals showed inflammation of the liver and heart, and ultimately died of heart failure . The cause for this has not yet been found.

bridges

On its way, the Thur is spanned by over 100 bridges, the most important of which are the covered wooden bridges in Lütisburg, Bischofszell , Eschikofen and Andelfingen , the railway bridges in Ossingen and Andelfingen and the two Weinland road bridges near Andelfingen.

Power plants

Thurweg

The Thurweg (regional hiking route No. 24 from Wanderland Schweiz ) is a 160 kilometer long hiking trail and leads along the banks of the Thur from Wildhaus to Rüdlingen . The green valley of the Thur offers a wealth of variety, be it in the landscape, in the villages or on the bridges that cross the Thur.

photos

literature

  • Markus Hostmann. 2009. Liberated water: voyages of discovery in revitalized river landscapes in Switzerland. Zurich 2009, Rotpunktverlag
  • Heinrich Jung: How the Thur was tamed. In: Thurgauer Jahrbuch , Vol. 49, 1974, pp. 7-24. ( e-periodica.ch )

Web links

Commons : Thur  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Geographic information system of the canton of St. Gallen water network 1: 10,000
  2. ↑ Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
  3. ↑ Evaluations of the water network. (XLSX) FOEN , December 2013, accessed on August 9, 2017 (listing of Swiss rivers> 30km).
  4. ↑ Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: sub-catchment areas 2 km². Retrieved July 22, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Thur - Jonschwil, Mühlau. (PDF) In: Federal Office for the Environment. Retrieved July 22, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Thur - Halden. (PDF) In: Federal Office for the Environment. Retrieved July 22, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Thur - Andelfingen. (PDF) In: Federal Office for the Environment. Retrieved July 22, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Topographic catchment areas of Swiss waters: Thur
  9. ↑ Flood probabilities (annual flood), Thur - Andelfingen. (PDF) Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Hydrology Department, accessed on January 29, 2014 .
  10. ↑ Measuring point: Thur - Andelfingen (2044), on FOEN hydrodata
  11. ↑ Measuring point: Thur - Halden (2181), on FOEN hydrodata
  12. ↑ Measuring point: Thur - Jonschwil, Mühlau (2303), on FOEN hydrodata
  13. ↑ Fish deaths in the Thur - mystery remains unsolved. In: srf.ch . May 18, 2019, accessed May 20, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Lara Wüest: Fish deaths in the Thur near Bütschwil may remain unsolved - fishermen are disillusioned. In: tagblatt.ch . September 20, 2019, accessed September 21, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Flyer "Thurweg / Wil-Wattwil-Wildhaus"; 'Cantonal St. Gallen hiking trails', Abtwil, 'Toggenburger Verkehrsverband' and 'Tourismusverband St. Gallerland', St. Gallen