Emme

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Emme
Course of the Emme

Course of the Emme

Data
Water code CH : 468
location Emmental Alps

Switzerland

River system Rhine
Drain over Aare  → Rhine  → North Sea
source on Bolberg between Hohgant and Augstmatthorn
46 ° 45 ′ 18 ″  N , 7 ° 53 ′ 12 ″  E
Source height approx.  1650  m above sea level M.
muzzle near Luterbach in the Aare Coordinates: 47 ° 13 '8 "  N , 7 ° 34' 17"  E ; CH1903:  610 056  /  229781 47 ° 13 '8 "  N , 7 ° 34' 17"  O
Mouth height 426  m above sea level M.
Height difference approx. 1224 m
Bottom slope approx. 15 ‰
length 82 km
Catchment area 976 km²
Discharge at the Limpach estuary, Wiler
A Eo : 937 km² 		NNQ (1949)
MNQ 1922–2016
MQ 1922–2016
Mq 1922–2016
 MHQ 1922–2016
HHQ (2007) 		2.26 m³ / s
9.04 m³ / s
19.1 m³ / s
20.4 l / (s km²)
 28.3 m³ / s
662 m³ / s
Left tributaries Röthenbach , Biglenbach , Dorfbach , Urtenen , Limpach , Biberenbach
Right tributaries Ilfis , Unterer Frittenbach , Grünen , Rüegsbach
Small towns Burgdorf BE
Communities Zuchwil , Luterbach , Derendingen , Biberist , objectives Bach , Wiler at Utzenstorf , Bätterkinden , Utzenstorf , Aefligen , Kirchberg BE , rüdtligen-alchenflüh , Lyssach , Heimiswil , Rüegsau , Rüegsauschachen , Luetzelflueh , Rüderswil , Lauperswil , Signau , Eggiwil , Schangnau , Habkern and Oberried am Brienzersee
Emme near Schüpbach, Signau community

Emme near Schüpbach, Signau community

The Emme , rarely also called the Grosse Emme , is a river in Switzerland .

Surname

Their name goes back to the Gallic-Celtic word ambis (= river, Latin amnis ).

geography

course

The Emme rises in the area between Hohgant and Augstmatthorn in the canton of Bern, right on the border with the canton of Lucerne . The 82 km long Emme flows through and is eponymous for the Emmental and flows into the Aare in the so-called Emmenspitz below Solothurn .

Tributaries

The most important tributaries are the Ilfis , the Urtenen and the Limpach .

Hydrology

The Emme after a thunderstorm

The catchment area of ​​the Emme is 976 km². The mean water flow at the mouth is around 20 m³ / s. The maximum water flow is up to over 650 m³ / s (663 m³ / s on August 8, 2007, Wiler measuring station, Limpach estuary)

The Emme is known for the fact that thunderstorms in the headwaters can cause real tidal waves in the Emmental, known as Anschutz . The story “Die Wassernot im Emmental” by Jeremias Gotthelf describes one of the biggest known floods of August 13th, 1837 very impressively. This and other floods led to the fact that in the 19th century the Emme was canalized over large stretches and embankments were built on both sides.

On July 24, 2014, for example, as a result of downpours with local rainfall of up to 100 liters per square meter, the Emme at Emmenmatt swelled from around 24 m³ / s to over 420 m³ / s, with normal runoff of 20 m³ / s.

Due to the drought and heat in Europe in 2018 , the river bed dried out in places in the same year.

Emme (Switzerland)
source
source
muzzle
muzzle
Source and mouth of the Emme

Industrial channels on the lower reaches

On its lower reaches, the Emme has been used industrially since the 19th century. With a weir near Biberist (SO), their water is removed and fed into the industrial sewer, the narrow cross-section of which leads to a high flow rate. Since the beginning of the 20th century, several small hydropower plants have been operated that supply neighboring industrial companies such as the Biberist paper mill or feed them into the public grid. In the 19th century, before electrification, the canal was used to drive transmissions from the Biberist paper mill and the Schöller textile mill in Derendingen .

There is also another industrial canal that drains into the Emme just before the aforementioned Biberister Weir, whose water does not only come from the Emme, but also from various streams in the vicinity of Utzenstorf (BE). They are also transformed into a rapid flow through canalization, which today supplies the small power plants of the Utzenstorf paper mill and the Gerlafingen steelworks . The latter covered and partly covered its water needs from the canal.

literature

Web links

Commons : Emme  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
  2. ↑ Evaluations of the water network. (XLSX) FOEN , December 2013, accessed on August 9, 2017 (listing of Swiss rivers> 30km).
  3. ↑ Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: area outlets. Retrieved May 30, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Measurement station Limpach estuary Wiler 1922–2016 (PDF) Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
  5. ↑ Hydrological data on the Emme, Federal Office for the Environment
  6. ↑ Flood event analysis August 2007, Federal Office for the Environment, page 75
  7. ↑ Measurement data from AWA Bern , accessed on July 26, 2014.
  8. ↑ Drought and heat - when all that's left of the river is a bed In: srf.ch , July 28, 2018, accessed on July 29, 2018.