Töss (river)

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Töss
Töss near Bauma

Töss near Bauma

Data
Water code CH : 624
location Switzerland
River system Rhine
Drain over Rhine  → North Sea
Headwaters In the canton of St. Gallen in the area of ​​the Tössstock and Schwarzeberg mountains,
47 ° 17 ′ 39 ″  N , 8 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  E
Source height approx.  1210  m above sea level M.  (Vordere Töss)
muzzle near Teufen (on the Tössegg ) in the Rhine Coordinates: 47 ° 33 ′ 8 ″  N , 8 ° 33 ′ 15 ″  E ; CH1903:  683 959  /  267 439 47 ° 33 '8 "  N , 8 ° 33' 15"  O
Mouth height 344  m above sea level M.
Height difference approx. 866 m
Bottom slope approx. 14 ‰
length 60 km
Catchment area 441.43 km²
Discharge at the Neftenbach
A Eo gauge : 343 km²
Location: 10.6 km above the mouth 		NNQ (1947)
MNQ 1921–2016
MQ 1921–2016
Mq 1921–2016
 MHQ 1921–2016
HHQ (1953) 		710 l / s
3.13 m³ / s
7.78 m³ / s
22.7 l / (s km²)
 12.2 m³ / s
270 m³ / s
Discharge
A Eo : 441.56 km²
at the mouth 		MQ 1961-1980
Mq 1961-1980
 		9.74 m³ / s
22.1 l / (s km²)
Big cities Winterthur
Töss (river) (Switzerland)
source
source
muzzle
muzzle
Source and mouth of the Töss

The Töss [ ˈtøːs ] is a river in the east of the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. The meaning is the roar . It rises in the canton of St. Gallen and flows around the Tössstock into the Zurich Oberland . The two source streams Vordere Töss and Hintere Töss come together at the Tössscheidi in the Zurich Oberland . The river flows through the Töss valley towards the north and flows into the Rhine at Teufen an der Tössegg with an average water flow of almost 10 m³ / s .

geography

course

The landscapes around the 60 kilometer long river Töss are very different in the upper and lower valley areas. In the upper catchment area is the Tössbergland , into which the Töss and its side streams began to cut into the subsoil made up of Nagelfluh and sandstone ( Molasse ) during the Ice Age , which gave the Bergland freedom from ice . This is why a peculiar mountain world was created here with a very narrow main valley, but jagged side valleys and high terraces. The wild landscape, in whose wooded mountain solitude, among others, Tibetans have settled (e.g. in the area around Rikon , where the Tibet Institute Rikon , founded in 1968 is also located), today stands a little in contradiction to the "tamed" Töss, the the possibility of meandering was taken away by a river correction carried out in 1876 .

From Winterthur onwards , the landscape changes considerably. As a result of the work of the Ice Age glaciers, the gentler molasse hills alternate here with the wide valley floor filled with gravel and clay. The densely forested Tössbergland, which was hardly suitable for arable farming due to the strong and deep devastation, had remained a poor farming country until modern times, in which people could only earn extra income through rafting and charcoal making .

The lower Tösstal lies between Irchel and Dattenberg , the steep bank slopes form a traffic barrier. Due to its low location, agriculture could traditionally develop here and the sunlit slopes have provided a good basis for viticulture since ancient times .

Tributaries

The Töss has four tributaries with over 20 km² catchment area, one after the other

A more complete list of tributaries from origin to estuary with catchment areas follows:

Origin of the Töss at 796  m above sea level. M. northwest of the Tössstock near Tössscheid on the municipal border between Wald and Fischenthal

places

Downstream order.

history

Only the cotton spinning mill introduced in the 17th century created a good livelihood, which led to an increase in the population and thus greater settlement, so that this area developed into one of the most industrialized areas in Switzerland. The energy-giving Töss made it possible to operate cotton spinning mills, which, however, only slowly switched to factory work. From the middle of the 19th century onwards, the trend was reversed, namely that the mechanization of the weaving mill resulted in the depopulation of the mountain areas. Many of the vast forest areas of today go back to the afforestation of meadows and pastures at that time.

During the early industrialization , textile factories were built on the banks of the Töss, which operated their machines with water wheels and turbines. Around 1900 the factories were electrified and electricity was produced with the hydropower plants.

The river bed dries up in the section between Steg and Turbenthal because of the seepage after just a few days without rain and the river continues to flow there as a groundwater stream. Until the 19th century, the dried up river bed was used as a traffic route.

Today's district of Winterthur through which the river flows is named after the Töss, see Töss (Winterthur) .

bridges

On its way, the Töss is spanned by over 90 bridges, from the ingenious alluvial bridge to the historic steel truss bridges to the modern concrete bridge - these are the crossings in the Töss valley.

Web links

Commons : Töss (Fluss)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
  2. ↑ Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: sub-catchment areas 2 km². Retrieved June 9, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Measuring station Neftenbach 1921–2016 (PDF) Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
  4. ^ Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland of the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Table_54