Albula (river)

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Albula
Alvra
Albula near Sils in Domleschg

Albula near Sils in Domleschg

Data
Water code CH : 282
location Switzerland
River system Rhine
Drain over Hinterrhein  → Rhine  → North Sea
source at Igls Plans below the Albula Pass
46 ° 34 ′ 44 ″  N , 9 ° 48 ′ 37 ″  E
Source height 2037  m above sea level M.
muzzle In the Hinterrhein near Fürstenaubruck coordinates: 46 ° 42 '45 "  N , 9 ° 26' 59"  E ; CH1903:  753 756  /  175 435 46 ° 42 '45 "  N , 9 ° 26' 59"  O
Mouth height 652  m above sea level M.
Height difference 1385 m
Bottom slope 34 ‰
length 41 km 
57 km  (with land water)
Catchment area 953.36 km²
Discharge at the Tiefencastel
A Eo gauge : 529 km² 		NNQ (1951)
MNQ 1926–2016
MQ 1926–2016
Mq 1926–2016
 MHQ 1926–2016
HHQ (2014) 		2.84 m³ / s
10.2 m³ / s
15.4 m³ / s
29.1 l / (s km²)
 21 m³ / s
127 m³ / s
Outflow
A Eo : 953 km²
at the mouth 		MQ 1961-1980
Mq 1961-1980
 		29.1 m³ / s
30.5 l / (s km²)
Left tributaries Ava da Mulix , Julia (Gelgia)
Right tributaries Tischbach, Ava da Tuors , Ava da Stugl , Landwasser , Heidebach
Reservoirs flowed through Palpuogna lake
Albula (river) (Switzerland)
source
source
muzzle
muzzle
Source and mouth of the Albula

The Albula ( Rhaeto-Romanic Alvra ) is the largest tributary of the Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden . The name is derived from the Latin albulus (whitish).

The traffic routes with which the Engadine is connected to the rest of Switzerland run over the Albula valley system , including the Albula Pass ( Pass dall 'Alvra ), on the west side of which it rises.

The Albula valley is characterized by a frequent change of wide valley floors and gorges and offers little settlement space. The most important tributaries are the Tuorsbach , the Landwasser , both longer than the Albula at the mouth, and the Julia ( Gelgia ), over which the Julier Pass is reached. The country's water at the mouth not only longer but also more water-rich than the Albula (9.45 m³ / s compared to 5.57 m³ / s.) About the Landwassertal with the city of Davos is the Flüelapass reached.

The Albula Railway of the Rhaetian Railway follows the river along its entire length . It has one of its most spectacular routes in the Albula Valley and on this section is classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO .

use

The hydropower of the Albula is used in several power plants. The uppermost and oldest reservoir is the Palpuogna lake (Lai da Palpuogna), which was dammed in 1898 in order to generate electricity for the construction of the Albula tunnel . It is often advertised as one of the most beautiful spots in Switzerland. At Bergün Islas , part of the Albula is again captured and led via a pressure tunnel to the Filisur power plant (64 MW output) of the Albula-Landwasser Kraftwerke (ALK) about 10 km away . The water is returned via an equalization basin in Filisur. Below Tiefencastel , the Albula picks up the Julia on the left and flows through the Schin Gorge . In the gorge, the Albula has been dammed up by an arch dam to form the Solis reservoir since 1986 , before it is spanned by the Solis Viaduct of the Rhaetian Railway and the road that runs next to it. The water is fed via pressure tunnels to the Sils and Rothenbrunnen power plants of the EWZ , where the water flows back - in Sils into the Albula, in Rothenbrunnen already into the Hinterrhein.

The remaining water of the Albula flows into the Hinterrhein after 40 kilometers at Fürstenau . With natural runoff, which is currently not present in both rivers due to the use of hydropower, the Albula is 29.1 m³ / s larger than the Hinterrhein, which carries 27.3 m³ / s of water there.

Tributaries

  • Alvbach ( Ovel Alv ) (left), 2.6 km, 2.47 km²
  • Ovel da Zavretta (right)
  • Rabgiugsa (left)
  • Ava da table (left)
  • Ava da Tuors ( Tuorsbach , right)
  • Ava da Stugl ( Stulserbach , right)
  • Landwasser (right)
  • Selabach (left)
  • Schaftobelbach (left)
  • Val digl Guert (right)
  • Grondabach (left)
  • Gelgia ( Julia , left)
  • Valmalabach (right)
  • Stirvabach (left)
  • Rain digl Lai ( Heidebach , right)
  • Grossbach (left)
  • Prodavosbach (right)

bridges

Over 60 bridges cross the Albula.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
  2. ↑ Modeled mean annual discharge. In: Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: sub-catchment areas 2 km². Retrieved August 24, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Tiefencastel measuring station 2016 (PDF) Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
  4. ↑ a b Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland of the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Table_54
  5. ^ Dictionary Latin-German

literature

Web links

Commons : Albula  - collection of images, videos and audio files