Filisur

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Filisur
Filisur coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : canton of Grisonscanton of Grisons Graubünden (GR)
Region : Albula
Political community : Bergün Filisuri2
Postal code : 7477
former BFS no. : 3522
Coordinates : 772 061  /  171496 coordinates: 46 ° 40 '21 "  N , 9 ° 41' 15"  O ; CH1903:  772 061  /  171496
Height : 1032  m above sea level M.
Area : 44.49  km²
Residents: 458 (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 10 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.berguenfilisur.ch
Filisur, looking west

Filisur, looking west
map
Filisur (Switzerland)
Filisur
w w
Parish before the merger on January 1, 2018
Historic aerial photo by Werner Friedli from 1947

Filisur ( Rhaeto-Romanic Filisour ? / I ) is a village in the municipality of Bergün Filisur in the Swiss canton of Graubünden . It formed an independent political municipality until December 31, 2017 . Audio file / audio sample

geography

Looking east

The village is on the right side of the valley above the Albula near the health resorts of Davos , St. Moritz , Savognin and Lenzerheide . Filisur includes the hamlet of Jenisberg ( 1504  m above sea level ) on the left slope of the Landwasser valley , a former small Walser village.

history

The first settlements existed in Filisur in the Bronze Age . Bronze Age fragments that have been found prove this. But the name Filisur itself is first mentioned in 1262 as villa Fallisour . The castle Greifenstein above Filisur was initially seat of the Lords of Greifenstein , an aristocratic Grisons gender from the 13th century. Later the castle was the seat of the episcopal bailiffs with courtyards in the village area.

The rule of Greifenstein came to the diocese of Chur via Messrs Wildenberger, Werdenberger and Matscher in 1394 , which made the castle the administrative center of the region. The upper Albula valley was then settled by the Rhaeto-Romans in the High Middle Ages . The Jenisberg Maiensäs area was settled by German-speaking Walsers in the 15th century . Filisur belonged to Bergün until 1496. The church of St. Jodocus and Florinus was completed in 1495 and from then on there was also a church in the village. In 1537 the community bought itself free from the episcopal sovereignty. Around 1590 the church converted to the Reformed faith . The Filisur neighborhood had its own civil court in the Bergün municipality until 1851.

Since the area was rich in water and forest, the center of ore mining and smelting of the region developed here. Blast furnaces for iron and zinc extraction near Filisur on the Albula have been operated here since 1565. There is only scant evidence of the life of the more than 100 workers, since ore mining and smelting were given up in 1848. The center of this era was the melt near the Bellaluna , where the remains of the miners' house and the management house still stand.

For a long time people lived in the village on cattle farming and agriculture . When the Albulastrasse was expanded between 1855 and 1858, people were able to benefit from through traffic as a further source of income. Filisur is a street village. With the construction of the Rhaetian Railway between 1898 and 1909 to the Engadine and Davos , Filisur became a traffic junction .

Filisur was largely Germanized by the end of the 19th century. In 1914 German became the main language of the people in Filisur, replacing Romansh .

Negotiations regarding a merger with the municipality of Bergün / Bravuogn to form the municipality of Bergün Filisur have been running since 2014 and were completed on January 1, 2018 with the merger.

population

Population development
year 1803 1850 1888 1900 1910 1950 1980 1990 2000 2005 2016
Residents 164 280 273 644 (railway construction) 333 375 410 413 466 487 458

Population development

Around 1800 there were 164 inhabitants. The population grew slowly over the years, by 1850 it was already 280. This remained fairly constant until the railway was built around the turn of the century. The construction of the Albula line then brought workers to the village and up to 644 residents have now been counted. After the big building, the number leveled off at 333. After the world wars and modernization, the village developed slowly and in 1990 Filisur already had 413 inhabitants. At the end of 2006, 487 inhabitants were counted.

languages

The community originally spoke a Rhaeto-Romanic dialect, with the Upper Engadine Romansh being the written language. But the language change to German took place as early as the 19th century. Nevertheless, a large Romansh-speaking minority persisted until the time before the First World War. In 1880 36.5% spoke Romansh, in 1910 21.92%. In the 1941 census, only 10.7% of residents said Romansh as their mother tongue. Today the community is almost completely Germanized. Only 7.3% of the population understand Romansh. The following table shows the development over the last few decades:

Languages ​​in Filisur
languages 1980 census 1990 census 2000 census
number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of
German 339 82.68% 357 86.44% 394 84.55%
Romansh 20th 4.88% 14th 3.39% 14th 3.00%
Italian 31 7.56% 19th 4.60% 31 6.65%
Residents 410 100% 413 100% 466 100%

nationality

Of the 487 residents (at the end of 2005), 428 (= 88%) were Swiss citizens.

Culture and sights

  • The village with its Engadin style houses is a street village of national importance.
  • The medieval Reformed Church.
  • To the north of the village, the Albula Railway crosses the famous Landwasser Viaduct , which spans the stream of the same name. The 65 meter high viaduct flows directly into the Landwasser tunnel with a radius of 100 meters .
  • The platform roofs of the station, built in 2004, are remarkable.

There is a cross-country skiing route (12.6 km marathon distance) from Filisur to Alvaneu , 2 km of which are illuminated at night The first ice path in Switzerland is in the neighboring village of Surava - 9 km long skating - with a shuttle service back to the starting point in Surava.

1952 to 1954 the first and well-known Heidi film was shot on the Filisurer Alp Falein (and Bergün and Latsch) with Heinrich Gretler as Alpöhi, Elsbeth Sigmund as Heidi and Thomas Klameth as Geissenpeter. The Heidi hut, which was used for the film, still stands today and can be visited on a Heidi hiking trail from Bergün to Filisur, which was created in 2004 for the 50th anniversary.

In 1993/1994 Filisur was one of the locations and locations for the 26-part Swiss television series “ The Director ”. The village was called “Madruns” in the 1994/1995 series broadcast together with Bergün. Despite the widely acclaimed broadcast in Switzerland (the broadcast on ZDF was delayed and only received a modest response in 1998) the series did not bring the village any further tourist upswing. In 2008 the series was repeated in the summer program on SF1.

Above the village are the ruins of Greifenstein Castle .

Economy and Transport

Filisur is a place hardly influenced by tourism . The largest employer is the Schutz Filisur nursery, founded in 1905. Engadin hanging carnations, the original floral decorations of the Graubünden houses, are produced in the affiliated Alpin garden center. Albula-Landwasser Kraftwerke AG (ALK8) has been based in Filisur since 1960 .

Filisur has been a station on the Albula Railway since 1903 and the similarly tunnel-rich route to Davos has been branching here since 1909 . In July 2006 a bypass road was opened to relieve the village center. Filisur station was also given a general overhaul from 2003. The number of tracks was reduced from 5 to 4, so there was new space for a large central platform. In addition, a pedestrian underpass was built to the covered platform of tracks 2 to Engadin and 3 to Davos. The track system from the train station to the tunnel in front of the famous Landwasser Viaduct has been renewed and built with two lanes. The station square and the station building were renewed and expanded.

In 2013 Filisur was the transit point of the Swiss Irontrail mountain run .

literature

Web links

Commons : Filisur  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ House
  2. ^ Reformed Church
  3. ^ Platform roofs (civil engineer Walter Bieler, Bonaduz)