St. Moritz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. Moritz
Coat of arms of St. Moritz
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : canton of Grisonscanton of Grisons Graubünden (GR)
Region : Maloja
BFS no. : 3787i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 7500
UN / LOCODE : CH SMV
Coordinates : 784 192  /  152424 coordinates: 46 ° 29 '52 "  N , 9 ° 50' 18"  O ; CH1903:  784 192  /  152424
Height : 1822  m above sea level M.
Height range : 1733–3379 m above sea level M.
Area : 28.69  km²
Residents: 4928 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 172 inhabitants per km²
Mayor : Christian Jott Jenny
Website: www.gemeinde-stmoritz.ch
St. Moritz 2007.jpg
Location of the municipality
Albignasee Lej da Champfèr Lago Bianco Lago di Lei Lago di Gera Lago di Livigno Lago di S. Giacomo-di Fraéle Lago di Poschiavo Lago di Monte Spluga Lai da Marmorera Silsersee Silvaplanersee St. Moritzersee Stazersee Sufnersee Italien Region Albula Region Bernina Region Viamala Region Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region Plessur Region Prättigau/Davos Bever GR Bever GR Bregaglia Celerina/Schlarigna Madulain Madulain Pontresina La Punt-Chamues-ch Samedan Samedan S-chanf Sils im Engadin/Segl Silvaplana St. Moritz Zuoz ZuozMap of St. Moritz
About this picture
w

St. Moritz (High German [ˌsaŋktmoˈrɪts] , Graubünden German [ˌsamoˈrits] , Rhaeto-Romanic San Murezzan ? / I , Italian San Maurizio , local nickname of the residents ils draguns ‹the dragons›) is a political municipality in the Engadin , in the Maloja region of the Swiss canton Grisons . The place is named after Saint Mauritius , who is depicted in the coat of arms. Audio file / audio sample

The municipality is one of the most famous health resorts and winter sports areas in the world. The Winter Olympics were held here in 1928 and 1948 .

geography

St. Moritz with Lake St. Moritz and the districts of Bad and Dorf
Aerial photo (1954)

The municipality of St. Moritz consists of the combined districts of St. Moritz-Dorf, St. Moritz-Bad, Suvretta and one half of Champfèr  , two kilometers away - the other half of Champfèr belongs to Silvaplana .

St. Moritz-Dorf ( 1822  m ) lies on the steep north shore of Lake St. Moritz , while St. Moritz-Bad ( 1774  m ), through which the Inn flows, and Champfèr ( 1825  m ) are each on a level southwest of Lake St. Moritz.

In a south-westerly direction between St. Moritz and Maloja lies the Engadine Lake District, which consists of the St. Moritz, Champfèrer, Silvaplaner , Hahnensee and Silsersee . The difference in altitude from Lake St. Moritz to the Malojapass , 15 kilometers away, is just under 50 meters. To the east of St. Moritz lie the Stazerwald and the Charnadüra Gorge, through which one reaches the next large plain 50 meters below, which has a gradient of only 60 meters down to S-chanf, 20 kilometers away .

The local mountain , on which the winter ski area is also located, is called Corviglia and Piz Nair ( 3,057  m ) and is located north of the village. The Piz Güglia / Julier ( 3380  m ) is somewhat less known and further west, but more imposing due to its height and shape .

Climate diagram for St. Moritz

Due to the altitude, the climate of St. Moritz is subarctic (Dfc) with long, extremely cold, snowy winters and short, cool, rainy summers.

History and tourism

St. Moritz-Bad, around 1900

The dating of the larch wood of the prehistoric St. Mauritius spring socket showed that the healing springs were already known in the Bronze Age over 3400 years ago. The presence of the Romans in ancient times is proven by finds.

It was not until 1856 when the town's rise began with the opening of the first hotel, the Kulm Hotel . Thanks to a bet that Johannes Badrutt (a St. Moritz hotel pioneer) made with four Englishmen in September 1864, winter sports also established themselves. He suggested that the group spend a winter in St. Moritz. They can stay for free and stay as long as they want. If they didn't like it, he would pay them the travel expenses (from London to the Engadine and back). The English accepted the bet and stayed from Christmas to Easter.

Thanks to innovative locals and guests, St. Moritz was the first municipality in Switzerland to present technical innovations on several occasions, such as the first electric light (Christmas 1878), the first powered flight in Switzerland (1910) and the first ski lift (1935).

In 1930, St. Moritz was the first place to have a symbol (“The Sun of St. Moritz”) legally protected, and since 1986 the lettering with the signet ( St. Moritz, TOP OF THE WORLD ) has been protected by trademark law. The last one was an initiative by Hans Peter Danuser , the long-time spa and traffic director (from 1978 to 2008).

Since January 1, 2019, singer and entertainer Christian Jott Jenny , who founded the Festival da Jazz in St. Moritz in 2008 , has been mayor.

population

Population development
year 1803 1850 1870 1880 1900 1910 1920 1930 1941 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2012 2014 2016
Residents 183 228 400 394 1603 3197 2614 3968 2418 2558 3751 5699 5900 5426 5589 5121 5202 5147 5233 5084

Although the population more than doubled from 183 to 400 between 1803 and 1870, St. Moritz was a small village until 1880. Within three decades, the population grew from 394 (1880) to 3,197 inhabitants (1910; + 711%). As a result of a decline in tourism, the population fell significantly in the 1910s, then grew to a new high of 3,968 people by 1930. In 1941, in the middle of World War II , only 2,418 inhabitants were counted. Between 1950 and 1980 there was another strong population increase from 2,558 to 5,900 people (+ 131%). Since this peak, the population has fallen again (1980–2005: −13%).

Origin and nationality

Population by nationality (census)
nationality Number without Number with
Dual citizens
Switzerland 3,079 3,527
Italy 897 1,162
Portugal 435 445
Germany 202 232
Serbia and Montenegro 106 108
Austria 74 104
France 56 73
Croatia 62 63
Spain 33 41
United Kingdom 20th 32
Netherlands 17th 29
Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 28

Of the 5,121 residents at the end of 2005, 3,382 (= 66%) were Swiss nationals. The last census showed the international character of the population and gave the following picture: At that time, in addition to the 3,527 Swiss, there were 2,062 foreigners (= 37%).

Religions and denominations

St. Moritz only accepted the Reformation in 1577 , later than most of the other Engadine communities. Today the community is denominationally mixed due to heavy immigration from southern Europe (especially Italy and Portugal). At the last census in 2000 there were 3,137 Catholics (56%), 1,736 Protestants (31%), 124 Orthodox (2%), 351 non-denominational (6%) and small minorities of Muslims and Jews (43 and 16 people respectively). 165 residents gave no information about their creed.

languages

The original language Puter , an idiom of the Graubünden Romance language , was spoken by only 50.2% of the population as early as 1880. It was not only displaced by German, but also by Italian. In 1900, Italian had a relative majority (31%), as did in 1910. In the meantime, German clearly dominates, followed by Italian. Romansh, on the other hand, continuously lost ground; In 1941 20%, in 1970 8% of the population stated Romansh as their mother tongue. Only 13% of the population were able to communicate in Romansh in 2000 - by far the lowest value of all Upper Engadine communities. The table shows the development over the past decades.

After German and Italian, Portuguese is the third most common language with 7% of the population. It is thanks to the commitment of the St. Moritz publisher Gammeter that, after the Romanesque newspaper Fögl Ladin was discontinued, his Engadiner Post is now published in two languages ​​as Engadiner Post / Posta Ladina .

Distribution of languages ​​in St. Moritz
languages 1980 census 1990 census 2000 census
number Share
in%		 number Share
in%		 number Share
in%
German 3092 52.41 3186 58.72 3286 58.79
Italian 1608 27.25 1157 21.32 1220 21.83
Romansh 569 9.64 338 6.23 264 4.72
Total population 5900 100.00 5426 100.00 5589 100.00

Attractions

Leaning tower of the abandoned Mauritius church

The landmark of St. Moritz-Dorf is the Leaning Tower , a remnant of the Mauritius church from around 1500, which was demolished in the 19th century .

The Segantini Museum houses a large collection of works by the artist Giovanni Segantini . A multi-day hike called Senda Segantini connects stations from the painter's life.

In the Engadine Museum , collections of cultural history and folklore are on display. It is housed in a building designed by Nicolaus Hartmann in the Engadine style.

The Reformed village church is right in the center of St. Moritz Dorf .

In addition, the following facilities are noteworthy:

  • Old school building ( 1886/1909 ) on plazza da scoula
  • Bylandt fountain
  • Ice rink and golf pavilion
  • Chesa Futura , 2003, Via Tinus 25, architect: Norman Robert Foster
  • Hanselmann pastry shop
  • Mauritius fountain
  • Mili Weber House
  • Former pump room in St. Moritz-Bad
  • Hall extension at the "Hotel Reine Victoria"

Hotels

St. Moritz-Bad encompasses the actual spa zone of the village and is located on the southern edge of the lake. The Evangelical Church of St. Moritz Bad is located on Via dal Bagn , the French Church on Plazza Paracelsus .

The St. Moritz people also refer to the climate as a "sight": the sun shines an average of 322 days a year. Since the air is very dry, tourism advertising also speaks of the “sparkling champagne climate”.

and display information about the image
Panoramic picture over St. Moritz Bad and Lake St. Moritz, seen from the Corviglia

traffic

Rail transport

Tourist St. Moritz in December 1930

In 1904 St. Moritz received a connection to the Rhaetian Railway  (RhB) network with the Albula Railway coming from Thusis in the north . In 1909 the Bernina Railway , which connects St. Moritz with Tirano in Italy, went into operation. From Bever on the Albula Railway there has been a connection to Scuol with the Engadine line since 1913 .

The St. Moritz railway station located on the route of the Bernina Express and is the starting point of the Glacier Express and the Palm Express .

Bus transport

The PostBus serves the routes from St. Moritz over the Julier Pass to Chur and over the Maloja Pass to Chiavenna (once a day also to Lugano ).

For local traffic in the Engadin, the Rhaetian Railway, PostBus Switzerland, Engadin Bus and the St. Moritz local bus have joined forces to form the Engadin Association .

Airport

In addition to the well-developed Alpine passes, the Engadin Airport in Samedan, five kilometers away, is also available for private transport.

Funiculars

With the Corviglia St. Moritz's local mountain Corviglia is developed since 1928th The first, only 400 m long section, the Chantarellabahn, was opened in 1913 and originally also served to develop the villas below the Hotel Chantarella. The three corresponding stops, however, were closed decades ago.

Former tram

From 1896 to 1932 between St. Moritz-Bad and St. Moritz-Dorf perverted the tram St. Moritz .

Sports

History of sport

St. Moritz is known for its sports facilities and events. The first golf tournament in the Alps was held here in 1889. In 1928 the II. Winter Olympic Games and in 1948 the V. Winter Olympic Games were held in St. Moritz. In 1994, a windsurfing world cup took place on an inland lake for the first time . The first Engadin inline marathon was organized in 1996. In the years 1934 , 1974 , 2003 and 2017 in St. Moritz who found Alpine World Ski Championships take place.

Ski areas

The Corviglia-Marguns-Piz Nair ski area can be accessed directly from the village, the ski region also includes Corvatsch / Furtschellas , Bernina- Diavolezza , Bernina Lagalb , Muottas Muragl , Zuoz , and smaller facilities in Maloja , Pontresina , Samedan , La Punt (Chamues- ch) and S-chanf (Bügls).

Bobsleigh and skeleton

The skeleton sport has its roots in St. Moritz. The famous St Moritz Tobogganing Club was founded in the winter season 1884/1885 . The track called Cresta Run is operated by the British private club and is rebuilt every winter.

In 1889 the first bobsleigh was built in St. Moritz, and in 1892 the first bobsleigh race took place in St. Moritz. The natural ice rink, known as the Olympia Bob Run , is also rebuilt every year for the winter season. In 2013 the Bobsleigh and Skeleton World Championships took place here.

Equestrian sport

Cartier Polo World Cup on Snow (2008)

The White Turf races and the St. Moritz Polo World Cup on Snow are held on the frozen Lake St. Moritz .

Exclusive sports offers

St. Moritz lives up to its reputation as a glamorous tourist destination between the beginnings of tourism and contemporary trends with a range of exotic sports such as tobogganing, cricket on ice, horse racing and polo on snow.

Hotel industry

Badrutt's Palace Hotel
The site of the Leaning Tower, January 2014

St. Moritz is a traditional jet set destination . There are several luxury hotels here such as the Badrutt's Palace , the Kulm Hotel , the Suvretta House , the Carlton Hotel and Kempinski St. Moritz .

Prominent property owners in St. Moritz included Sonja Ziemann , Gunter Sachs , Herbert von Karajan , Lakshmi Mittal , Ivan Glasenberg , Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , Ingvar Kamprad , Helmut Horten , Giovanni Agnelli , Aristoteles Onassis and Stavros Niarchos .

According to the Guinness Book of Records, the Devil's Place bar at the Waldhaus am See offers the largest selection of whiskeys in the world with over 2500 types.

Twin cities

Since 1964 there has been a parish partnership with Kutchan in Japan . Other sister cities are Vail in the USA and Bariloche in Argentina .

Personalities

See also

Casinò St. Moritz

literature

Movies

Web links

Commons : St. Moritz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Further content in the
sister projects of Wikipedia:

Commons-logo.svg Commons - multimedia content
Wikisource-logo.svg Wikisource - Sources and full texts
Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg Wikivoyage - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ German- speaking Swiss pronounce the place name with an emphasis on the "i", corresponding to the emphasis of the original Romance name. Germans, on the other hand, mostly use the pronunciation [ˌsaŋktˈmoːʀits] , with an emphasis on the "o", which is also lengthened.
  3. ↑ Lej dals Chöds on ETHorama
  4. ↑ Jürg Rageth, Silvio Margadant: Sankt Moritz. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2011 .
  5. ↑ Leaning Tower
  6. ↑ Hiking in Switzerland in the footsteps of Giovanni Segantini in Graubünden ( Memento of the original from March 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.graubuenden.ch
  7. ↑ Old school house
  8. ^ Bylandt Fountain
  9. ↑ Ice rink and golf pavilion
  10. ↑ Chesa Futura
  11. ↑ Confectionery-Café Hanselmann
  12. ↑ Mauritius Fountain
  13. ↑ Mili Weber House
  14. ↑ Former pump room
  15. ↑ Hall extension
  16. ^ Hotel Carlton
  17. ^ Hotel Kulm
  18. ^ Hotel La Margna
  19. ^ Hotel Palace
  20. ^ Hotel Schweizerhof
  21. ^ Hotel Suvretta House
  22. ↑ slope report . stmoritz.ch; Ski area overview map ( Memento from October 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ; PDF; 767 kB) engadin.stmoritz.ch
  23. ^ White Turf
  24. ↑ St. Moritz: Hotel garni . In: Der Spiegel . No. 20 , 1968 ( online ).
  25. ↑ Wolfgang Koydl: St. Moritz - Darben in a champagne climate. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . January 26, 2012.
  26. ↑ Bar with the largest selection of whiskey in the world. In: welt.de . January 4, 2014, accessed December 31, 2016 .
  27. ↑ サ ン モ リ ッ ツ と の 交流 (exchange with St. Moritz). Kutchan City, Retrieved June 18, 2016 (Japanese).
  28. ↑ A real holiday classic - a portrait of St. Moritz. In: St. Moritz. Retrieved June 5, 2018 .
  29. ^ Adolf Collenberg: Giovanni Testa. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . January 25, 2008 , accessed April 6, 2020 .