Bündnerdeutsch

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Bündnerdeutsch

Spoken in

Switzerland ( Graubünden )
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Official language in -
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

gsw (Swiss German)

ISO 639-3

gsw (Swiss German)

Under Grisons German in the true sense is in the Swiss canton of Grisons spoken highly Alemannic dialects.

Concept and characterization

In the German-speaking part of the canton of Graubünden there are three dialect groups: first, the dialects of the Chur Rhine Valley, second the Walser dialects, which clearly differ from the Chur Rhine Valley, and third, the South Bavarian (Tyrolean ) dialect in Samnaun .

The German-speaking dialects of the canton of Graubünden are often undifferentiated under the term Bündnerdeutsch . As a rule, however, the users of the term mean the variants of those dialects that are spoken in the Chur Rhine Valley from Bad Ragaz and Maienfeld to Thusis . This is to high alemannische , possibly bodenseealemannisch influenced dialects. Often the term also subsumes the dialect that the Rhaeto-Romans speak when they use Swiss German .

As far as the term is used in the sense of the above-mentioned dialect of the Chur Rhine Valley, which the Rhaeto-Romans also often use as a second language, it is characterized above all by its "soft" pronunciation in contrast to the Highest Alemannic Walser German . The pronunciation of the initial normal Swiss German ch [χ] as k [k h ] and the internal ch as [h] is regarded as particularly typical (e.g. the kitchen box is not Chuchichäschtli [ˈχʊχɪˌχæʃtlɪ], as is the case in most of Switzerland , but Gghuhigghäschtli [ ˈK h ʊhɪˌk h ɛʃtlɪ] pronounced). However, this most outstanding dialect feature is traditionally only valid for some of the communities with Graubünden German dialects (Thusis, Chur , Malans , Maienfeld and Fläsch ), but it has been expanding recently. Another difference to the majority of Swiss German dialects is the pronunciation of unstressed syllables as a-Schwa [ɐ] instead of e-Schwa [ə] or [æ] in the Chur Rhine Valley. In the area of ​​morphology, there is the contrast between the single-form high Alemannic verb plural of eastern German-speaking Switzerland ( me warning / making "we do", ir warning / making "you do", si warning / making "they do") versus the two-form high Alemannic plural of the Walser dialects (mier / wier make [d], ier mached, schi make [d]) open .

The pronunciation typical of the Graubünden German of the Rhine Valley is likely to go back to a considerable extent to the Germanization of the Rhaeto-Romanic population originally resident there, but the influence of Lake Constance is also assumed in these places.

literature

Rheintal dialects

Walser dialects

  • Leo Brun: The dialect of Obersaxen in the canton of Graubünden. Phonology and Inflection. Huber, Frauenfeld 1918 (Contributions to Swiss German Grammar XI).
  • Maria Ettlin-Janka: Inschi Sprààch, ds Obersàxar Titsch. Obersaxer collection of words. Edited by Pro Supersaxa - Obersaxen, Stans 1995.
  • Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : Mutten's dialect. Phonology and inflection theory. Huber, Frauenfeld 1934 (contributions to the Swiss German grammar XIX).
  • Christian and Tilly Lorez-Brunold: Rheinwalder dialect dictionary. Terra Grischuna, Chur 1987 (grammars and dictionaries of Swiss German in a generally understandable representation XI).
  • Christian Patt: Schanfigger Dictionary. A supplement to the Davos dictionary. Walser Vereinigung Graubünden, Chur 1986.
  • Pro Prättigau, Jakob Casal: Prättigau dialect dictionary. Schiers 1991. 3rd, revised and expanded edition under the title: Prättigauer Dialekt. Words; ed. from the culture commission of the regional association Pro Prättigau; Editor Luzius Thöny. Küblis 2014.
  • Martin Schmid, Gaudenz Issler: Davos German Dictionary. The vocabulary of a Bündner Walsermundart. Walservereinigung Graubünden, Chur 1982 (grammars and dictionaries of Swiss German in generally binding representation VII).
  • Ruedi Vieli: Valser German. Desertina, Chur 2009.

Web links