Bündnerdeutsch
Bündnerdeutsch | ||
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Spoken in |
Switzerland ( Graubünden ) | |
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Official language in | - | |
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ISO 639 -1 |
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ISO 639 -2 |
gsw (Swiss German) |
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ISO 639-3 |
gsw (Swiss German) |
Under Grisons German in the true sense is in the Swiss canton of Grisons spoken highly Alemannic dialects.
Concept and characterization
In the German-speaking part of the canton of Graubünden there are three dialect groups: first, the dialects of the Chur Rhine Valley, second the Walser dialects, which clearly differ from the Chur Rhine Valley, and third, the South Bavarian (Tyrolean ) dialect in Samnaun .
The German-speaking dialects of the canton of Graubünden are often undifferentiated under the term Bündnerdeutsch . As a rule, however, the users of the term mean the variants of those dialects that are spoken in the Chur Rhine Valley from Bad Ragaz and Maienfeld to Thusis . This is to high alemannische , possibly bodenseealemannisch influenced dialects. Often the term also subsumes the dialect that the Rhaeto-Romans speak when they use Swiss German .
As far as the term is used in the sense of the above-mentioned dialect of the Chur Rhine Valley, which the Rhaeto-Romans also often use as a second language, it is characterized above all by its "soft" pronunciation in contrast to the Highest Alemannic Walser German . The pronunciation of the initial normal Swiss German ch [χ] as k [k h ] and the internal ch as [h] is regarded as particularly typical (e.g. the kitchen box is not Chuchichäschtli [ˈχʊχɪˌχæʃtlɪ], as is the case in most of Switzerland , but Gghuhigghäschtli [ ˈK h ʊhɪˌk h ɛʃtlɪ] pronounced). However, this most outstanding dialect feature is traditionally only valid for some of the communities with Graubünden German dialects (Thusis, Chur , Malans , Maienfeld and Fläsch ), but it has been expanding recently. Another difference to the majority of Swiss German dialects is the pronunciation of unstressed syllables as a-Schwa [ɐ] instead of e-Schwa [ə] or [æ] in the Chur Rhine Valley. In the area of morphology, there is the contrast between the single-form high Alemannic verb plural of eastern German-speaking Switzerland ( me warning / making "we do", ir warning / making "you do", si warning / making "they do") versus the two-form high Alemannic plural of the Walser dialects (mier / wier make [d], ier mached, schi make [d]) open .
The pronunciation typical of the Graubünden German of the Rhine Valley is likely to go back to a considerable extent to the Germanization of the Rhaeto-Romanic population originally resident there, but the influence of Lake Constance is also assumed in these places.
literature
Rheintal dialects
- Oscar Eckhardt: Tschent. Chur dialect. 2., revised. and exp. Edition Verlag Desertina, Chur 2007.
- Oscar Eckhardt: Alemannic in the Chur Rhine Valley. From the local variant to the regional dialect. Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2016 (Journal for Dialectology and Linguistics, Supplement 162), ISBN 978-3-515-11264-2 . - Short version: Alemannic in the Chur Rhine Valley. From the local variant to the regional dialect. (PDF) In: Swiss Idioticon / Swiss German Dictionary. Annual report 2017 , pp. 21–32.
- Paul Meinherz: The dialect of the Bündner Herrschaft. Huber, Frauenfeld 1920 (contributions to Swiss German grammar XIII).
Walser dialects
- Leo Brun: The dialect of Obersaxen in the canton of Graubünden. Phonology and Inflection. Huber, Frauenfeld 1918 (Contributions to Swiss German Grammar XI).
- Maria Ettlin-Janka: Inschi Sprààch, ds Obersàxar Titsch. Obersaxer collection of words. Edited by Pro Supersaxa - Obersaxen, Stans 1995.
- Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : Mutten's dialect. Phonology and inflection theory. Huber, Frauenfeld 1934 (contributions to the Swiss German grammar XIX).
- Christian and Tilly Lorez-Brunold: Rheinwalder dialect dictionary. Terra Grischuna, Chur 1987 (grammars and dictionaries of Swiss German in a generally understandable representation XI).
- Christian Patt: Schanfigger Dictionary. A supplement to the Davos dictionary. Walser Vereinigung Graubünden, Chur 1986.
- Pro Prättigau, Jakob Casal: Prättigau dialect dictionary. Schiers 1991. 3rd, revised and expanded edition under the title: Prättigauer Dialekt. Words; ed. from the culture commission of the regional association Pro Prättigau; Editor Luzius Thöny. Küblis 2014.
- Martin Schmid, Gaudenz Issler: Davos German Dictionary. The vocabulary of a Bündner Walsermundart. Walservereinigung Graubünden, Chur 1982 (grammars and dictionaries of Swiss German in generally binding representation VII).
- Ruedi Vieli: Valser German. Desertina, Chur 2009.