Maienfeld
| Maienfeld | |
|---|---|
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| State : |
 Switzerland
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| Canton : |
 Graubünden (GR)
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| Region : | Landquart |
| BFS no. : | 3953 |
| Postal code : | 7304 |
| Coordinates : | 759 104 / 208455 |
| Height : | 504 m above sea level M. |
| Height range : | 495-2567 m above sea level M. |
| Area : | 32.33 km² |
| Residents: | 2945 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 91 inhabitants per km² |
| Website: | www.maienfeld.ch |
 Maienfeld, view from the southwest |
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| Location of the municipality | |
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Maienfeld ( Rhaeto-Romanic ) is a municipality with city rights in the Bündner Herrschaft at the foot of the Falknis . Maienfeld is surrounded by vineyards . Maienfeld is in the novel Heidi by Johanna Spyri arrival of the protagonist in Switzerland . Politically, Maienfeld belongs to the Landquart region of the canton of Graubünden .
history
Prehistoric finds have been made in the municipality. Maienfeld is mentioned for the first time in the 4th century as Magia on the Peutinger tablet , 801–805 as Lupinis . Magia was probably a Roman station on the historic roads in the Rhine Valley , at the junction of the route to Zurich ( Turicum ) and Bregenz ( Brigantium ).
The town charter was first documented in 1434, but the market charter was held by Malans . Maienfeld is traditionally called a city today, the central square is the Städtli. Since 1436 Maienfeld was a member of the ten-court federation , in 1438 it signed a city law contract with the barons of Brandis . From 1416 to 1510 they were sovereigns of Maienfeld together with the County of Vaduz and the Schellenberg dominion in what is now Liechtenstein . In 1499 Maienfeld was occupied by the Confederates and Graubünden during the Swabian War. The barons were taken prisoner. In 1510 the Drei Bünde bought Maienfeld from the Barons von Brandis. Maienfeld was in a strange situation. On the one hand, as a member of the ten-court federation, the Maienfelders were sovereigns, on the other hand they were subjects of the three federations, since Maienfeld was part of a " common rule " of the three federations called "Bündner Herrschaft". Since the lords of Schellenberg and Vaduz were sold to the Counts of Sulz , today's border was created near the St. Luzisteig between Liechtenstein and Switzerland. Maienfeld became a border town. In 1803 Maienfeld came to Switzerland when the Three Leagues joined.
From the 14th century, Walsers immigrated to the area around the city and founded several settlements, which became part of the city as the Walser community of Berg , but whose residents were not incorporated into city citizenship until centuries later. These settlements include Rofels , Bovel , Guscha , Stürfis and Vatscherin ( "Hölzli"), today the latter two deserted villages .
Maienfeld, up to this point in Romansh , was Germanized in the 16th century. The Reformation was introduced as early as 1529.
After the construction of the Rhine Valley line from St. Gallen to Chur in the middle of the 19th century, a short time later with a branch to Zurich, the city lost its importance for passenger and freight traffic, its function as a regional center went to the nearby towns of Bad Ragaz , Sargans and Landquart over.
coat of arms
Description: Three (2: 1) six-pointed gold stars set in blue .
geography
Maienfeld is located eight kilometers southeast of Sargans in the lower Chur Rhine Valley and is also called the third city on the Rhine . The municipality borders in the west on the municipality of Bad Ragaz , canton St. Gallen , in the west and north on areas of the municipality Fläsch , canton Graubünden, in the north on areas of the municipalities Balzers , Triesen and Schaan in the Principality of Liechtenstein , Nenzing in Vorarlberg , in the east to the municipality of Seewis in Prättigau , to the southwest to the municipalities of Jenins and Malans , to the south to areas of the municipalities of Landquart and Zizers .
The place lies on the right side of the valley of the Rhine at the foot of the Falknis and consists of the small town, Bovel, Rofels and St. Luzisteig , a pass crossing into the Principality of Liechtenstein with the fortress St. Luzisteig from the 18th century, which is still used today as barracks of the Swiss Army is used. The old Walser settlement of Sturfis was abandoned in 1633 and converted into an alp in the town of Maienfeld , and the residents were relocated to Rofels. The Walser settlement of Guscha, on the other hand, was still inhabited until 1969, when the last two resident families moved away as a training area after the land was sold to the army. The Teilerrüfi stream bed lies between Maienfeld and Jenins .
Of the total municipal area of 3237 hectares, 1433 hectares are used for agricultural purposes. Most of it consists of arable land and meadows (737 ha), but 122 ha are used for growing vines, fruit and horticulture. 1034 hectares of the community area are covered by forest and wood. In addition to 596 ha of unproductive area (mostly mountains), 174 ha are used as settlement area.
Until October 23, 1977, there was a so-called commune in the form of the Maienfeld-Fläsch community area , which belonged to the communities of Fläsch and Maienfeld.
population
Of the 2432 residents at the end of 2004, 2208 (= 91%) were Swiss citizens. In the 2000 census, 92% gave German (most common main language), 1.5% Portuguese (second most) and 1.5% Romansh (third most) as their main language.
| Population development | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1850 | 1900 | 1950 | 2000 | 2010 |
| population | 1232 | 1240 | 1568 | 2368 | 2554 |
education
Maienfeld is the location of a primary school (1st to 6th school year) for the municipality of Maienfeld and a district school center with a secondary and secondary school (7th to 9th school year) for the municipalities of Fläsch, Maienfeld and Jenins ( district of Maienfeld without the municipality of Malans).
Maienfeld also has the intercantonal Wald Maienfeld training center , where forest and agriculture specialists are trained.
economy
Viticulture has always played an important role and is the largest branch of the economy. The Schloss Salenegg winery is considered the oldest still existing winery in Europe. The main variety is the Blauburgunder (Pinot Noir), which was previously sold under the name Beerli wine ; today this name is rarely found. In the second place following Riesling Silvaner followed by Pinot (Pinot Blanc), Chardonnay and Pinot (Pinot Gris). In Maienfeld a vineyard area of 108.9 hectares is cultivated (Graubünden total: 418.5 hectares). This makes it the largest wine-growing community in the canton of Graubünden.
The rest of the agriculture consists of arable and livestock farming. There are some smaller industrial companies. A large part of the working population residing in Maienfeld commutes to work in the nearest larger towns or cities. Cities such as Chur , Landquart , Sargans or Bad Ragaz .
tourism
Since the novel Heidi by Johanna Spyri was published, the community has been the hometown of this fictional character. The district of Rofels is often referred to as Heididörfli . Heidi tourism brings tourists from all over the world to the community. The "Heidialp" on the Ochsenberg is 500 meters above the town.
Mountain tours can be undertaken on the local mountain Falknis , which is located in the municipality of Fläsch , and numerous other mountains in the area.
As an important place of the Bündner Herrschaft , numerous national and international tourists visit both the old town and the surrounding area, including the vineyards surrounding Maienfeld, every year.
Maienfeld has accommodation options of various sizes.
Attractions
The old town with the remains of the city wall, Brandis Castle (with pictures of the Waltensburg master ) and Salenegg Castle are listed in the inventory of protected sites in Switzerland as of national importance.
In the middle of the city center is the Amandus Church . Salenegg Castle above Maienfeld has been owned by the Gugelberg von Moos family for centuries . Other mansions in the town center still belong to the Graubünden noble families von Salis and speakers from Bernegg .
A natural history attraction is the centuries-old oak forest north of the town (above the settlement of Bovel ).
Vorstadtgasse in Maienfeld
Brandis Castle in Maienfeld
Salenegg Castle near Maienfeld
Speaker yard
Town center
The Heidi House in Maienfeld
traffic
Maienfeld is located on the main road 28 from Landquart via St. Luzisteig to Balzers and on the A 13 motorway . Exit 13 (Maienfeld) and parts of exit 14 (Landquart) as well as the Heidiland motorway service station are in the municipality . The SBB line from Chur to Sargans and on to St. Gallen or Zurich serves Maienfeld train station every half hour.
Events and customs
The Maienfeld Bad Ragaz International Horse Race takes place every year in October . A special Maienfeld Easter custom was the Eiertrööla , which took place on Easter Sunday on the Eierbühel (egg hill) between Rofels and Bovel. The custom has now been forgotten and is only very occasionally cultivated by families in the village.
A highlight in autumn is Wimmlet, as the grape harvest is also called. In September and October, colorful groups of friends, acquaintances and external parties help the wine growers to bring in the harvest.
Personalities
Maienfeld's sons and daughters
- Johannes Comander (around 1484–1557), theologian and reformer
- Hortensia Gugelberg von Moos (1659–1715), doctor and writer
- Michael Kuoni (1839–1891), head of the Federal Telegraph Office and dialect author
- Theophil Sprecher von Bernegg (1850–1927), Chief of Staff of the Swiss Army during the First World War
- Hermann Mooser (1891–1971), biologist and physician
- Fritz Tanner (1923–1996), theologian and marriage counselor
Other personalities
- Konrad Grebel (1498–1526), co-founder of the Anabaptist movement , died of the plague in Maienfeld
- Johann Conrad Meyer (1544-18 June 1604), mayor of Schaffhausen, fled to Maienfeld after bankruptcy and became a school teacher
- Bartholomäus Anhorn the Elder (1566–1642), Evangelical Reformed pastor and historian in Graubünden and Appenzell, in Maienfeld 1596–1621
- John Knittel (1891–1970), writer, lived in Maienfeld after 1938
- Hansjörg Trachsel (* 1948), politician, lives in Maienfeld
- Armon Orlik (* 1995), Schwinger, lives in Maienfeld
literature
- Die Südostschweiz (Ed.): The municipalities of the canton of Graubünden . 2nd edition, Rüegger, Chur / Zurich 2003, ISBN 3-7253-0741-5 (description of 208 municipalities in the canton for the "200 years of Graubünden" anniversary )
Web links
- Official website of the city of Maienfeld
- Adolf Collenberg: Maienfeld (community). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Burgenwelt: Maienfeld city fortifications
- Holiday Switzerland experiences in the Bündner Herrschaft region on Graubünden Tourism
Individual evidence
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ^ Historical Lexicon of Switzerland Maienfeld
- ^ Anton Moser: A Graubünden village that has disappeared: the free Walser on Sturfis, Vatscherinenberg, Rofels and Guscha (Mutzen). Bündnerisches Monatsblatt, Volume 1915, Issue 3, doi: 10.5169 / seals-395876
- ↑ The future is origin ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of Schloss Salenegg
- ↑ Inventaire suisse des biens culturels d'importance nationale et régionale (édition de 1995)
Bottle | Jenins | Landquart | Maienfeld | Malans | Trimmis | Untervaz | Zizers
Former municipalities: Igis | Mastrils | Says
Canton of Graubünden | Regions of the Canton of Graubünden | Municipalities of the Canton of Graubünden