Igis

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Igis
Igis coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : canton of Grisonscanton of Grisons Graubünden (GR)
Region : Landquart
Political community : Landquarti2
Postal code : 7206
former BFS no. : 3942
UN / LOCODE : CH LQU (Landquart)
Coordinates : 761 982  /  202076 coordinates: 46 ° 57 '0 "  N , 9 ° 34' 0"  O ; CH1903:  seven hundred sixty-one thousand nine hundred eighty-two  /  202076
Height : 563  m above sea level M.
Area : 10.88  km²
Residents: 3487 (December 31, 2011)
Population density : 320 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.igis.ch
Igis village from the east

Igis village from the east
map
Igis (Switzerland)
Igis
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Parish before the merger on January 1, 2012
Historic aerial photo by Werner Friedli from 1963

Igis (in local Swiss German [ˈɪːgɪs] , older [ˈejis] , Rhaeto-Romanic Aigias ? / I or Eigias ) was until December 31, 2011 a political municipality in what was then the district of Fünf Dörfer , in the former district of Landquart in the Swiss canton of Graubünden . It is located on the Rhine , north of Chur . Their former municipality ranged from 523 to 1398 m altitude. Audio file / audio sample

Igis-Landquart is a transport hub and industrial location. The former community is known, among other things, for the transfer trains at Landquart station on the SBB lines from Zurich , St. Gallen and Chur to the Rhaetian Railway (RhB) .

On May 15, 2011, the residents of Igis and Mastrils agreed to merge their parishes. The new municipality of Landquart was formed on January 1, 2012.

Localities

Igis consists of the districts Igis and the more populous Landquart . The third district, Landquart-Fabriken, was closed in 2004 and became part of the Landquart district. The Landquart-Fabriken post office was also closed.

Population numbers
year Igis Landquart factories Landquart Total
2011 3487 4567 8054
2010 3415 4536 7951
2009 3204 4476 7680
2008 3119 4442 7561
2007 3099 4410 7509
2006 3022 4318 7340
2005 3088 4344 7432
2004 3116 4309 7425
2003 3123 644 3648 7415
2002 3136 645 3549 7330
2000 3138 659 3601 7398
1990 2373 678 3728 6779
1980 1120 644 3389 5153
1970 no data no data no data 5283
1950 no data no data no data 2794
1900 no data no data no data 1201
1850 no data no data no data 637

Denominations:

geography

near Landquart on February 13, 1818, looking east, watercolor by Hans Conrad Escher

The municipality of Igis is conveniently located between the Rhine Valley and the Prättigau . It lies on an alluvial fan near the Klus and occupies the left flank of the valley next to the Rhine. The Landquart River forms its northern border . The Landquart district, named after the river, has an important railway junction with the Landquart train station . This is where the SBB Chur – Rorschach line runs , which also offers a connection to Zurich from Sargans, as well as the Rhaetian Railway to Davos on the one hand and Chur-Thusis on the other; all of these railway lines opened in the 19th century. In addition to the railway line, the A13 St.Margrethen-Bellinzona motorway , which ensures connections with Munich and Zurich and Milan, as well as Hauptstrasse 13 run parallel to it in the Rhine Valley and pass Landquart.

The excellent location directly at the entrance to the Graubünden Alps was of great importance for the upswing of the Landquart district, so that it left its mother community Igis behind in terms of population and status. Surrounded by the mountains, Igis-Landquart forms the entrance to the two valleys Oberland and Prättigau .

politics

The executive of the Igis municipality is the municipality board. It is elected for a term of four years and consists of the President and six other members.

Community Board (2009–2012)
Surname department Political party
Niggaz serious General Administration SVP
Eugster Rico Environment and spatial planning FDP
Brandenburg Agnes Culture and leisure SVP
Hair dryer Sepp education CVP
Florin Andrea Construction SVP
Thöny Andreas IBIL SP
Zanetti Livio public safety CVP

As in many Swiss municipalities, the civil parish continues to exist in the political municipality of Igis. It is independent of the municipality and its administration, but supports them in matters of general interest. The community administers and leases significant land reserves and is responsible for naturalizations.

coat of arms

Description: In silver an upright black, red-tongued and so decorated ibex holding a black piece of wood burning gold on top.

history

The history of Igis is closely linked to that of the Landquart district.

Historically, two names have been recorded for the Igis community, apparently independent of one another and not referring to the same area. On the one hand 831 Ovinae, 1149 Auuine and 1225 Huiuns and on the other hand 1253 Yges and Rome. Eigias have survived . The double name could indicate that the village center was relocated during the 13th and 14th centuries. Whether the name Ovinae is of Celtic origin is speculative; The origin and meaning of the two names are unknown.

middle Ages

On December 28, 955, King Otto the Great ceded the royal court of Zizers together with Igis to the Bishop of Chur.

Marschlins Castle

Marschlins moated castle was built near Igis in the 13th century . The name Marschlins goes back to the field name Marschaninnes mentioned in a document in 1225 and goes back to marcidus , which means swampy ground. However, the derivation of the castle name from a field name suggests that the castle complex, which was drained as early as the 16th century, is older.

In the 15th century, a strong Germanization set in after many Walsers had settled in what was then called Eigias, which led to a withdrawal of the Romance language. From then on, German was the dominant language. In 1398 the communities Igis and Zizers acquired alpine rights to Bawig (Buwix), which had to be defended by the two communities in 1424 and 1440. In 1447 there was a dispute between Igis and Zizers. From 1519 Igis was a seventh member of the High Court of the Four Villages .

The Rhine, which repeatedly overflows its banks, was the reason in 1524 for Zizers and Igis to undertake to the Bishop of Chur to tame the Rhine with a weir. At that time, the Rhine had no bed, which meant that its entire catchment area formed a floodplain, which could not be used due to the risk of flooding. By taming the Rhine into a river bed, a lot of agricultural land could be gained. The area was only made arable 200 years later, after the beginning in the 18th century, two thirds of the area had not yet been developed.

reformation

During the Roman period and into the Middle Ages, the Landquart river delimited the secular and ecclesiastical administrative district, starting from the ecclesiastical center of Chur . Although the diocese of Chur still exerted a great influence on Igis, the village had converted to the Protestant faith as early as 1532 . Although the city of Chur accepted the Reformation as early as 1524 , it remained a bishopric with a Catholic bishop.

The Mühlbach, which flows through the municipality, was decisive for the sustainable industrial use of the area. Documents prove that there were already businesses on the banks of the stream in the Middle Ages. Some of these businesses still exist today, even if they no longer serve the purpose at that time, such as the Riedmühle, the Riedschmiede and the Obermühle mentioned in 1519.

Years of crisis and economic boom

The seventeenth century was one of the darkest chapters in history for the burgeoning community. When the Thirty Years' War broke out in Europe in 1607 , the municipality had to mourn many victims due to its strategic location, although the then sovereign federal state of Graubünden was not involved in the war; the side of the three leagues for Austria and France threatened to tear the country apart. At the time of the Thirty Years' War, witch hunts also had their heyday.

When a terrible plague epidemic raged in 1629 , 261 people died from the plague from mid-August to November 11th. After the war, Switzerland and the surrounding areas were finally eliminated from the empire . On July 16, 1734 the powder factory of the powder master Jacob Wilhelm exploded on the course of the Mühlbach, who was killed in the accident.

The Russhof, now Plantahof, in 1877

When Graubünden was incorporated into the newly created Helvetic Republic as a satellite state by Napoleon in 1798 , Graubünden lost its sovereignty, as a result of which Igis became part of Switzerland. In 1803 Graubünden became an equal canton of the Swiss Confederation. Up until 1818 Igis formed an economic community with the neighboring municipality of Zizers, which was discontinued when the meadows and Alps were divided between Igis and Zizers in 1818.

In the 19th century, the Prezer Thomas Lareda invested his fortune, which he had acquired as a confectioner in Russia, in the suffering-plagued community and thus heralded an economic boom. Lareda financed various systems along the Mühlbach, which he redefined and straightened as the Felsenbach. Among other things, a wood pulp factory, a matchstick factory, an embroidery factory, a brick factory were built, and he also built a manor based on the Russian pattern; the farm was named Russhof. After Lareda's death in 1848, most of the companies closed again or, after the initial great success, ran into financial difficulties.

New districts emerge

The district of Landquart only came into being in 1858 when the St. Gallen-Chur line was opened in Igis by the United Swiss Railways (now SBB ). The name of the new district was given by the Landquart river flowing through the municipality . In 1863 the first wood pulp factory in Switzerland was put into operation. The area north of the actual village center at that time became the industrial center of Landquart Fabriken. Many industrial companies then tried to gain a foothold in Landquart. But many went bankrupt after a short time or got into financial difficulties.

After several lost water rights lawsuits, wood was dissolved on the Landquart until 1870, two years later the Landquart paper mills were founded. With the founding of the paper mill, no more industrial operations were to settle on the Mühlbach stream for the next two hundred years. The reason for this was that in the period from 1889 to 1903 electricity works were built in Klosters , Malans , Landquart and Grüsch . Due to the electrification, industry was no longer dependent on the water of the Mühlbach and the industrial location shifted further north to the newly created Landquart. The construction of the railroad and the later construction of the motorway contributed to this development. In 1889 the situation changed with the opening of the Landquart-Klosters-Bahn, later the Landquart-Davos-Bahn (today RhB) and an upswing began. Due to the important traffic situation of Landquart, warehouses and workshops were formed and the Landquart traffic junction soon gained in importance.

In 1896 the Russhof, built by Lareda, was renamed Plantahof and an agricultural school was set up after the canton of Graubünden had rejected plans in 1877 to set up an educational institution for poor children of Graubünden birth and Protestant denomination.

1908 consecrated cath. St. Fidelis Church in the same year

Due to the steady growth of the population, the Catholic Church of St. Fidelis was built in 1908. In addition to four churches, Landquart also houses the Russhof, an important educational institution, built in 1896 and today the Plantahof agricultural vocational and educational center. The village was largely spared from the First World War thanks to the neutrality of Switzerland.

In the years 1920–1927 the Küblis, Klosters and Schlappin hydropower plants were built on behalf of Bündner Kraftwerke AG, which was of great economic importance for the Prättigau and the community bordering the valley.

During the war years of the Second World War, a military hospital was set up in Landquart. On February 22nd, 1945 bombs were dropped on Igis and Zizers, which caused damage to property and culture. On the same day the US Air Force was on the move and bombed the city of Stein am Rhein. however, the cause of this bombardment is unclear. The intellectual resistance of the population can still be seen today in the buildings built during the war years. When the war was drawing to a close and Allied troops began to bomb the German cities, one could see the contrails of the Allied bomber squadrons that flew over Igis into the nearby German Reich.

Even after the Second World War , the municipality of Igis was characterized by a rather rural character, despite the factories. Then an economic upswing set in and the population of Igis-Landquart has been increasing every year since then.

present

The signs still show the purpose of the streets.

Today, little reminds of the work of the Swiss Abroad Lareda, who made money in St. Petersburg and created the former third district Landquart-Fabriken. In the course of the constitution resivion of the Igis community in 2004, the place name of factories disappeared after the postal traffic from Landquart had been regulated and the telephone directory no longer listed Landquart factories.

With the rezoning and development of the 30 hectare Tardis area into an industrial and commercial zone, Igis-Landquart, together with the municipality of Zizers, is making the land available for large-scale new settlements. Tardisland is to be professionally marketed with the help of the canton in order to expand Landquart as a business location. The first companies have already settled here.

Today Igis-Landquart is still home to various industrial companies, although the number of companies is likely to continue to grow. Among others are in Igis-Landquart one of the largest manufacturer of optical sensors , the CEDES AG , a gravel factory on the Rhine, a brickyard, the workshops of the RhB and built in 1863, the wood pulp mill, which went to the paper mill Landquart 1,872th

In 2011, Igis was the first municipality in Switzerland to equip the entire road network with a length of over 30 kilometers with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This reduced power consumption by 60 percent.

Culture and sights

Castles

Castles

Churches

Reformed Church Landquart
  • The Reformed Church of Igis was built around 1486 in its current appearance. The nave was extended to the south and the choir was added. In any case, the main portal was built in 1486, the engraved year allows this to be concluded. The murals on the north-east wall must have existed before this conversion.
    It is believed that Damian's Church in Ovine, mentioned in 841, was located here. As early as 1300 the church was mentioned in Pfäfers' documents, which was consecrated to St. Thomas around 1400. However, the small bell bears inscriptions that suggest that the church was once dedicated to Cosmas and Damian. The church has been a listed building since 1973.
  • The Catholic Church of St. Fidelis in Landquart, built in 1908. The Catholic parish was founded by the Capuchin Order and looked after until the end of the last century.
  • The reformed church in Landquart did not come into being until the 20th century. With the growth of the village, the need for its own place of worship also arose. The land was secured in 1914, but construction did not begin until 1925. Construction was completed with the lift of the three bells on January 11, 1926.
  • The Free Evangelical Community of Landquart was founded around 1990.

Others

schools

In the area of ​​the former Igis community, there are two primary schools, Igis and Rüti, a high school and the Plantahof agricultural and vocational school .

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Igis  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld / Neuenburg 2005, p. 459.
  2. ^ Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland , Volume V 1b.
  3. ↑ Igis and Mastrils Agree to Merger. In: Südostschweiz online. May 15, 2011, accessed May 16, 2011.
  4. ↑ vals.ch: gemeindechronik05.pdf (application / pdf-Objekt; 2.92 MB), accessed on July 14, 2011 ( Memento from May 31, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Igis illuminates streets with LED Article on nachrichten.ch from November 28, 2011
  6. ↑ The history of the Igis church on the homepage of the Protestant parish Landquart
  7. ↑ The history of the Landquart Church on the homepage of the Protestant parish Landquart
  8. ↑ So-called large house on www.graubuendenkultur.ch .