Marschlins Castle

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Marschlins from the south
Marschlins Castle from the southwest

The former moated castle Marschlins is located on the plain about one kilometer northeast of Igis in the municipality of Landquart in the Swiss canton of Graubünden , about 250 meters from the right flank of the valley. The name goes back to a field name Marschanines first mentioned in 1225 , which is likely to be derived from marcidus (= swampy ground).

investment

The extraordinary complex was founded by an episcopal and probably dates from the middle of the 13th century. A previous construction cannot be ruled out.

The system forms a rectangle of around 34 by 39 meters. There are two trenches around the building, which are filled in on the west side. The trenches, which are now dry, were previously filled with water, which presumably came from hillside springs in the east of the castle. A derivation of the water from the Landquart is rather unlikely, since a canal about two kilometers long would have had to be built. There are no traces of it in the area. The moat was drained in the 16th century.

The floor plan corresponds to the type of the Savoyard wall square with three weaker corner towers (diameter 8.7 m) and a stronger corner donjon with a diameter of 11 meters. The current shape of the conical roof is documented as early as the 17th century. Connections to the House of Savoy arise through Bishop Ulrich von Kyburg († 1237), whose brother Count Hartmann IV was married to Margaret of Savoy.

Access is from the west via a stone bridge, which probably dates from the 17th century. The buildings inside the walls surround a central courtyard with a 17-meter-deep cistern . Traces of the original medieval building fabric can only be found in the area of ​​the foundations. The towers and the northern wall sections of the east wing are also from the founding period.

After a fire in 1460, the castle was rebuilt by Ulrich von Brandis , but no traces of the construction have been preserved. After being neglected around 1600, Marschlins was expanded into a modern palace around 1635 by Marshal Ulysses von Salis. The crumbling interior structures were put down, the east, west and north tracts were rebuilt, including the old towers. The space along the southern perimeter wall that remained free after these renovations was closed in 1771 with a frame structure and the upper parts of the south wing were renewed. The current shape of the castle is thanks to Eugen Probst, the founder of the Swiss Castle Association, who extensively renovated and rebuilt the complex in 1905. During these renovations, the southeast tower was also raised by the protruding upper floor.

Interior

Ulysses of Salis
(1594–1674)

Inside there are several richly furnished rooms. The “Marschallstübli” or “Salis-Stübli” on the second floor are worth mentioning. It was created around 1638 under Ulysses von Salis with richly carved paneling with inlays made of various woods and inlaid coffered ceiling, a tower stove from 1638 from the Pfau workshop in Winterthur, a cabinet disk from 1674 with the alliance coat of arms of Heinrich Hirzel-Yolanda von Salis.

The "officers' room" from 1638 is furnished with inlaid full paneling made of Swiss stone pine and a coffered ceiling with the Salis coat of arms in the middle, as well as a Steckborn stove from the first half of the 18th century.

The "Goldene Stübli" was built in 1670 on the second floor of the northeast tower. It is particularly richly endowed; the panels of the carved panel are painted, including depictions of slaughter. Representations of the sun, forty-three constellations and the four winds are embedded in the ceiling cassettes.

Other parts of the interior come from other regions: the paneling from the Casa Gronda from Ilanz , the walnut paneling from the “Stüssisaal” in the “Silversmith's House” from Zurich .

In the palace chapel in the main tower, which was established in 1771, there are four circular discs from the mid-17th century with pictures of the evangelists. In the courtyard is a cannon of the von Salis Swiss regiment, dated 1676, with the von Salis coat of arms.

history

Marschlins Castle 1775
Marschlins 1870

Marschlins was first mentioned in writing on May 12, 1324 as castrum Marzhenins : The knight Jacob von Marmels was killed in service of the church in front of the castle. In 1336 Bishop Ulrich von Chur and Count Ulrich von Montfort fought over possession of the castle and entrusted it to Hug Thumb von Neuburg until an arbitration decision was reached. The bishop seems to have triumphed, because in 1337 he enfeoffed Duke Albrecht of Austria with Marschlins as a supporter of Austria .

From 1348 to 1354 the lords of Stadion from the Prättigau for Habsburg Austria sat in the castle until Duke Albrecht gave them a fief to Count Friedrich von Toggenburg on October 3, 1354 , thus supporting him in the Regensburg feud against Zurich and the Confederates to obtain.

After the death of the last Toggenburg resident in 1436, a Montforter Amman first came to Marschlins, later the property was inherited by the Brandis family, who pledged it to Heinrich von Sigberg in 1442 . Marschlins remained in the possession of the Dukes of Austria as an episcopal fief. After a fire in 1460, the Brandis and the Sigberg argued over the cost of rebuilding. Members of the Drei Bünde decided that the Sigberg should return the castle to the Brandis and be compensated for it with 2,340 guilders. The repair costs should be shared by both parties.

In 1462, Duke Sigmund of Austria sold Marschlins, which had long been deserted and desolate, to his Vogt Ulrich von Brandis, thus defying the bishop's supremacy. Ulrich should pauwen the castle as best he could and keep it ready for the Austrians. Because Johann von Brandis did not want to or could not pay his share of the war costs for the Swabian War , he pledged the Marschlins to Ulrich Goeldin around 1509. In 1518 Marschlins was redeemed for 800 guilders by the widow of Lutz Gugelberg.

In the 17th century the castle was passed on to the von Salis family , who called themselves von Salis-Marschlins soon after. In 1717 the first potatoes and corn of the Canton of Graubünden were grown here. From 1771 a philanthropist was housed in the castle for six years , which had been founded in Haldenstein Castle by Martin von Planta and Johann Peter Nesemann . Later experiments were carried out with tobacco growing, mulberry trees and silk spiders. From March 1799 to the end of 1800, around 10,000 soldiers and 3,000 horses were housed on the estate. In 1934 Marschlins was sold by the heirs of Professor LR von Salis and is privately owned.

  • gallery

  • Marschlins Castle

  • entrance

  • Front

  • Main tower

  • Corner tower

literature

  • Otto P. Clavedetscher, Werner Meyer: The castle book of Graubünden. Orell Füssli, Zurich / Schwäbisch Hall 1984, ISBN 3-280-01319-4 .
  • Fritz Hauswirth: Castles and Palaces of Switzerland. Volume 8: Graubünden. Neptun, Kreuzlingen 1972.
  • Society for Swiss Art History (Ed.): Art guide through Switzerland. Volume 2: Glarus, Graubünden, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Schwyz, Ticino, Uri. Bern 2005, ISBN 3-906131-96-3 .

Web links

Commons : Marschlins Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 46 ° 57 ′ 16 "  N , 9 ° 35 ′ 4"  E ; CH1903:  763321  /  202607