Salis (noble family)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Family coat of arms of those of Salis

Salis is an old Swiss noble family from Soglio in Bergell in the south of Graubünden .

history

Pedigree of the von Salis family with the most important branches

The first reliably documented member of the noble family appears in Soglio ser Rodolfus de Salice de Solio , who was mentioned in a document between 1285 and 1293 and died in the spring of 1300. He was probably a descendant of the patrician family Salici zu Como, traceable since 1202 . As ministerials and vassals , also with the squire and knighthood of the bishops of Chur , the Salis were able to expand strongly in Bergell and also in the neighboring Valtellina . Two great main lines developed, the Johannes line and the Gubertus line, which gained influence in numerous European countries.

The first offices of the Graubünden valley communities, that of the Podestà des Bergell, later the Governor's Office of the Valtellina and also the presidential position within the Drei Bünde , were very often occupied by the members, especially the Gubertus line. At times the castles Castelmur , Neu-Süns , Rietberg , Campell , Wynegg , Elgg , Sulzberg and in the Franconian Wiesentfels or Lobenstein were owned or pledged by the family. After the abolition of episcopal sovereignty by the Ilanzer Articles 1524 and 1526 in the Free State of the Three Leagues, the Salis were the most influential of the leagues alongside the von Planta . As a result of the conquest of the Valtellina by the Drei Bünde in 1512, the two families became the most important official families there too.

Ulysses von Salis (1594–1674), French marshal

When in the struggle between the Austrian Habsburgs and France ( Bündner Wirren ) during the 16th and 17th centuries the importance of the Swiss Alpine passes, the mercenary troops and the income from pensions increased and both warring parties tried to secure the leading families of Graubünden, the Salis stepped in on the French-Venetian side and thus gained considerable influence on the country's fortunes. So served Friedrich von Salis-Samedan (1512-1570) as a colonel and envoy to Venice. Ulysses von Salis (1594–1674) spent 27 years as an officer in Graubünden, mostly in French service and brought it to the Maréchal de camp of King Louis XIII. Around 1635 he acquired the ruined Marschlin Castle from his earnings and rebuilt it splendidly. As a result, Ulysses von Salis became one of the most influential personalities in the Three Leagues . In the 18th century the Salis formed the " almost dominant family " of the Republic of Graubünden, whose economic and political power was only broken shortly before 1800.

In 1582, 1588, 1632 and 1766 the members of the branch lines Grüsch , Marschlins , Maienfeld , Seewis and Soglio from the Gubertus line obtained the imperial baron status and in 1694, 1748 the imperial counts - and in 1777 the French count (and Vienna, 1915), 1815 Jonkheer and in 1822 the baron title of the Netherlands and Prussian confirmations mostly with the line names as epithets. In 1913 the Salis Samaden received an Austrian baron recognition from the Johannes line . More recently, the Paspels and Ebersberg castles were temporarily owned by family members. Further modern mansions can be found in the section "possessions".

The German line of the sex exists today with the name Freiherr von Salis-Soglio ( nobility law non-objection to the Adoption Boeselager / Salis by decision of the German Nobility Law Committee of 1956) with an increased coat of arms from 1956.

Possessions

The following manors were (or still belong to) different lines of the family:

  • The large house in Grüsch , built in 1590 by Hercules von Salis-Soglio

  • Chesa Planta in Samedan , built by the Salis-Samedan in 1595

  • Salenegg Castle in Maienfeld, expanded by Vespasian von Salis in 1604

  • Zizers Castle , built by the Salis-Zizers from 1620 to 1687

  • Seewis Castle in Prättigau , built in 1630 for Baron Johann Gottfried von Salis-Seewis

  • Palazzo Salis in Soglio , built in 1630 by Baptista von Salis, still owned by Salis-Soglio today

  • Casa di Mezzo and Casa Antonio, Soglio

  • Marschlins Castle, expanded into a castle by Marshal Ulysses von Salis around 1635, family-owned until 1934

  • Red House (Chur) , built by Rudolph von Salis in 1637

  • The Pfruondhus in Grüsch, built in 1699 as a salish house

  • Bothmar Castle in Malans , rebuilt by Gubert von Salis-Maienfeld (1664–1736) around 1716, still owned by the Count Salis-Seewis to this day

  • Haldenstein Castle , family-owned from 1703 to 1922

  • Old building (Chur) , built from 1727 for Peter von Salis-Soglio

  • Gray house in Chur, built in 1751 by Andreas von Salis-Soglio

  • Palazzo Salis in Tirano , until today owned by the Counts Sertoli-Salis (descendants of Rita von Salis-Zizers and Don Francesco Sertoli)

  • Chesa Salis in Bever , built in 1590, acquired by Rudolf von Salis-Muralt in 1877

  • Brunegg Castle , Aargau, owned by the family since 1815, inherited in 1945 from Jean Rudolf von Salis

  • Gemünden Castle in the Hunsrück , owned by the Barons of Salis-Soglio from 1822 until today

  • Palazzo Salis in Bondo , built 1766–1776 for the English ambassador to the Three Leagues, Count Hieronymus von Salis-Soglio, married to Mary Fane from the house of the Earls of Westmoreland; until today owned by the English Salis line

  • Bourchier Castle , Lough Gur, County Limerick, Ireland, owned by the Bourchier-Fane-de Salis family from 1589 to the 20th century

  • Portnall Park, Virginia Water, Surrey, UK, owned by the family from 1872 to 1923

  • Bourne House, East Woodhay, Hampshire, UK, family-owned from 1946 to 2006

coat of arms

Bellona, ​​1865, London silver.

The family coat of arms is divided. Above in gold a rooted green willow tree (Italian salice "willow"), below five times split by silver and red. On the helmet with red and silver blankets stands a growing, unclothed, gold-curled and crowned Virgin ( Bellona ) with silver wings on the right and red wings on the left instead of arms.

The motto is: Mihi sunt pro fructibus arma or Salix flectitur, sed non frangitur .

photos

coat of arms

  • Coat of arms on a house in Bergün / Bravuogn

  • Coats of arms of Capol and Salis at the Porta Sura in Ilanz

  • Coat of arms of the von Salis at the “Red House” in Chur

  • Coat of arms on a tombstone in Bondo GR

Coins

Flags of the regiments of the Salis family in French service

  • Salis-Samade Regiment (1782)

  • Salis-Marschlins regiment

  • Salis-Maienfeld regiment

  • Salis-Soglio regiment

Name bearer

Johann Gaudenz von Salis-Seewis (1762–1834), poet
Daniel v. Salis-Soglio

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Salis  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Conradin von Planta: Salis, Friedrich von (Samedan). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  2. ↑ theaterwissenschaft.ch