Sulzberg Castle
| Sulzberg Castle | ||
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 Aerial view of Sulzberg Castle (Möttelischloss) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Möttelischloss | |
| Creation time : | around 1230 | |
| Castle type : | Spurburg | |
| Conservation status: | receive | |
| Place: | Untereggen | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 27 '50 " N , 9 ° 27' 58" E | |
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The Sulzberg Castle , known locally as the Möttelischloss called, is a castle on the territory of the municipality Untereggen in Constituency Rorschach of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland .
location
The castle stands on a sloping rock high above the Bettlerenbach, on the way from Goldach to Untereggen.
description
Keep
From the original building stock, the over 20 meter high keep has been preserved, the floor area of which is square with a side length of ten meters. The tower is built from rough-hewn sandstone blocks, with the corner connections being edged. Its wall thickness is 3.40 meters at the base. The top floor of the tower dates back to the years after 1875. Originally there was probably a protruding wooden cladding supported by arches with supports, the beam holes of which are still visible.
The current, ground-level entrance was removed around 1877, but the original high entrance on the second floor is still preserved. Individual narrow air slots with horizontal cover plates are distributed over the three original floors, the former division of which is still clearly visible through the preserved supports of the former floor beams.
The residential and defense tower, probably built in the second half of the 13th century, was located in the center of a courtyard protected by a curtain wall , which is still accessible today via a ditch .
Hall
In its basic elements, and the south-east built onto the keep has Palas received. It was probably built towards the end of the 14th century and rebuilt in the 15th and 16th centuries. The three-storey building has half a hipped roof with a curved transverse gable.
A chapel is located on the ground floor above the large cellar vault from the 15th century. On the first floor of the palace there is the large castle room with a late Gothic plank beam ceiling and deep window niches. A door court dated 1583 bears the coat of arms of the Studer von Winkelbach family .
Farm buildings
The former servants' and farm buildings leaned against the northern and western curtain wall. Some of them were half- timbered and supported on the wall.
Surroundings
The facility is surrounded by a large garden and a 17-hectare nature reserve. This includes three ponds, of which the castle pond is the largest with a length of over 400 meters. Thanks to its location with a comprehensive panoramic view of Lake Constance , from Bregenz to Meersburg , from the upstream Swiss area from Altenrhein to far beyond Romanshorn and deep into southern Germany, the area around the castle is always popular with hikers.
history
Sulzberg Castle has a long history. The mighty residential and defense tower was probably built around 1260, by whom it is not known. The first person mentioned by name in connection with the castle is Rudolf I von Sulzberg . The Lords of Sulzberg came from the Bavarian market town of Sulzberg . Around the middle of the 13th century they placed themselves in the service of the Bishop of Constance . From their castle, as Constance ministers, they not only administered numerous lands, but also acted as court lords of Goldach and Thal .
With Rudolf V, the Sulzbergers died out in the male line on November 2, 1396. The church set and the patronage right of the St. Mauritius parish passed through Elisabeth von Sulzberg to the Lords of Adlikon . The Bailiwick and Kehlhof Horn had Clare of Sulzberg earlier as a dowry in her marriage with the knight brought Eglof of Rorschach.
Half of the castle and its associated goods went to Jost Meier from Altstätten and half to the wealthy Arbon citizen Hans Schub. The latter then took up residence at Sulzberg Castle.
Meier's share of the castle came through Burkhard Schenk von Kastel in 1412 to Lienhard Payer from St. Gallen , from whom the Junker Hans Gnäpser acquired it. His family sold their stake in the facility in 1474 to Jörg Mötteli from Ravensburg . In 1490 he also bought the second half of the castle for the sum of 1,018 pounds, but only three years later sold it to his brother Rudolf for a profit of 662 guilders.
The wealthy Mötteli merchant family called themselves Herren von Rappenstein from around 1468. She changed the castle through significant alterations. In the area of the castle courtyard, a residential wing with a deep cellar was added to the tower; Sulzberg added another hall on the north side of the tower to the angular, two-part complex.
In 1573, Johann Jakob von Rappenstein, the last male representative of the sex, died. Through his relative Wendelgard von Rappenstein, who married Hector Studer von Winkelbach around 1578, Sulzberg Castle came to his family.
When the Studer von Winkelbach family no longer had any male heirs, the property passed through Maria Salome Studer von Winkelbach to the family of her husband Johann Kaspar Rugg von Tannegg. After his death, his heirs sold the facility in 1649 to the captain of the Untereggen community, Jakob Hädener, from whose son it was acquired in 1667 by the guard captain Johann Rudolf von Salis-Zizers , who was in French service .
Belonging to a branch of this influential Graubünden family that had returned to Catholicism , Johann Rudolf von Salis began a little later with the construction of the Lower Castle in Zizers, which lasted until 1688; an ongoing renovation of Sulzberg Castle, however, remained unfinished. Since Johann Rudolf had acquired a far more comfortable domicile for his family in the Freihof or Salishof in Rorschach, his descendants rarely stayed in Sulzberg: The Fideikommiss was primarily interested in its agricultural income. In the oldest drawing by Hans Wilpert Zoller from Zurich, the tower appears as a ruin in 1713, and the residential wing is described as unfinished and largely uninhabitable.
In 1784 the brothers Johann Heinrich and Rudolf von Salis-Zizers submitted a request to the prince abbot Beda Angehrn , which called for the complete demolition of Sulzberg Castle. The prince abbot then ordered the preservation of the castle stock, as he had tied the remaining feudal rights to the old legal symbol of the tower and did not want to transfer it to a new building. So the tower was repaired and given a mansard roof. While the larger residential wing was partially renovated in late Baroque forms and made habitable, the second hall, the "small castle", built on the north side of the tower, disappeared completely. As a result of these construction measures, the complex was given its present-day appearance - with the exception of the keep, which was added to an additional floor with access in order to be used as a restaurant around 1875.
After the von Salis family sold their Sulzberg estate on June 2, 1857 for 160,000 francs to Johann Jakob Brunner from St. Gallen, numerous changes of ownership followed before it was transferred to the chemist Dr. Samuel Billwiller came. His son restored the castle between 1946 and 1949 and sold it in 1951 to the dentist Dr. Martin Spirig. He had the northern curtain wall partially reconstructed and turned the elongated vaulted room on the north side of the palace into a church dedicated to St. Mauritius and the chapel dedicated to the 14 helpers in need.
The Spirig community of heirs sold it in 1985 to the architect Andreas Eberle, under whose direction it was renovated over a year and a half, taking into account the external substance.
The main hall and a new building on the site of the former house for servants on the western wall now house apartments. The tower room and the chapel have not been rented out since 2006.
literature
- Gustav Schwab: Switzerland in its knight castles and mountain castles historically depicted by patriotic writers , Volume 3, 1839, ( Google Books ).
- Harald Derschka : Die Ministeriale des Hochstiftes Konstanz ( Konstanz Working Group for Medieval History: Lectures and Research ; Special Volume 45). Thorbecke, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7995-6755-0 .
- Paul Fravi: The Salis-Zizers and their castles. In: Bündner Kalender 143/1984 , pp. 36–45
- Fritz Hauswirth: Castles and Palaces of Switzerland. Volume 2, Kreuzlingen 1965
- Johannes Huber: Untereggen: history - living space - home. Untereggen 2008
- Bernhard Kobler: Sulzberg Castle and its ponds . In: Rorschacher Neujahrsblatt 1948. Rorschach 1948.
- Walter Müller: The gentlemen from Sulzberg in the Allgäu and on Lake Constance . In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings. 76/1958, pp. 63-92
- August Naef: Sulzberg called Möttelischloss and its owners . In: Johann Jakob Hottinger, Gustav Schwab: Switzerland in its knight castles and mountain castles , Volume 3, Bern, Chur and Leipzig 1839, pp. 287-310
- Josef Reck: 500 years of Goldach . Goldach 1964
- Hugo Schneider: Castles of Switzerland. Volume 6, Silva-Verlag, Zurich 1983
- Jakob Wahrenberger: Rorschach, home on the lake . Rorschach 1978
- Franz Willi: History of the city of Rorschach and the Rorschach office. Rorschach 1947
Web links
- Sulzberg Castle on swisscastles.ch
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