Samedan

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Samedan
Samedan coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : canton of Grisonscanton of Grisons Graubünden (GR)
Region : Maloja
BFS no. : 3786i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 7503
UN / LOCODE : CH SAM
Coordinates : 786668  /  156516 coordinates: 46 ° 32 '2 "  N , 9 ° 52' 20"  O ; CH1903:  786668  /  156516
Height : 1721  m above sea level M.
Height range : 1695–4048 m above sea level M.
Area : 113.79  km²
Residents: 2924 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 26 inhabitants per km²
Mayor : Jon Fadri Huder
Website: www.samedan.ch
Samedan

Samedan

Location of the municipality
Albignasee Lej da Champfèr Lago Bianco Lago di Lei Lago di Gera Lago di Livigno Lago di S. Giacomo-di Fraéle Lago di Poschiavo Lago di Monte Spluga Lai da Marmorera Silsersee Silvaplanersee St. Moritzersee Stazersee Sufnersee Italien Region Albula Region Bernina Region Viamala Region Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region Plessur Region Prättigau/Davos Bever GR Bever GR Bregaglia Celerina/Schlarigna Madulain Madulain Pontresina La Punt-Chamues-ch Samedan Samedan S-chanf Sils im Engadin/Segl Silvaplana St. Moritz Zuoz ZuozMap of Samedan
About this picture
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Samedan [sɐˈmeːdən] ? / i or Samaden is a village and a political municipality in the Maloja region of the Swiss canton of Graubünden . Audio file / audio sample

geography

Geographical location

Historic aerial photo by Werner Friedli from 1954
Samedan seen from the church hill Sankt Peter

The Engadin winter sports and climatic health resort is located on the Inn north of St. Moritz and is located in the west from 3246  m above sea level. M. high Piz Ot towers above. The place lies on the western edge of a plateau where the Inn and the Flaz coming from Pontresina converge. The Val Roseg also belongs to the municipality as an exclave .

Various rail and road transport routes meet in Samedan: from St. Moritz in the southwest, from Poschiavo via the Bernina Pass in the south and from the Lower Engadine in the northeast.

climate

The annual mean temperature is 1.9 ° C, with the coldest monthly temperatures in February at −9.1 ° C and the warmest monthly mean temperatures in July at 12.2 ° C. The MeteoSwiss weather station is located at an altitude of 1709  m above sea level. M.

In Samedan, lakes of cold air can be formed and consequently nights can be very cold, especially in winter. The temperature drops below 0 degrees on 234 days of the year. Even in July there are an average of two to three days of frost . Summer days were recorded on average only 2.4 per year in the normal period 1981-2010. According to Köppen's climate classification , Samedan belongs to the sub-arctic area ( Dfc ).

Samedan, 1981-2010
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
28
 
-2
-16
 
 
20th
 
1
-16
 
 
26th
 
4th
-10
 
 
39
 
7th
-5
 
 
78
 
13
0
 
 
90
 
16
3
 
 
93
 
19th
4th
 
 
99
 
19th
4th
 
 
73
 
15th
1
 
 
68
 
11
-3
 
 
61
 
4th
-9
 
 
36
 
-1
-14
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source:
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Samedan, 1981-2010
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −1.6 0.5 3.7 7.4 12.9 16.4 19.3 18.7 14.9 10.9 3.7 −1.2 O 8.8
Min. Temperature (° C) −16.3 −16.4 −10.4 −4.7 −0.1 2.5 4.3 4.0 1.0 −2.9 −8.9 −13.8 O −5.1
Temperature (° C) −9.1 −7.8 −2.8 1.6 6.6 9.9 12.2 11.5 7.9 3.8 −2.7 −7.5 O 2
Precipitation ( mm ) 28 20th 26th 39 78 90 93 99 73 68 61 36 Σ 711
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.9 6.5 5.8 5.1 4.5 3.5 3.3 O 4.7
Rainy days ( d ) 5.3 4.2 4.8 6.0 9.3 10.3 10.0 10.5 7.8 7.6 7.0 6.0 Σ 88.8
Humidity ( % ) 77 73 70 69 69 69 70 73 74 75 77 79 O 72.9
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
−1.6
−16.3
0.5
−16.4
3.7
−10.4
7.4
−4.7
12.9
−0.1
16.4
2.5
19.3
4.3
18.7
4.0
14.9
1.0
10.9
−2.9
3.7
−8.9
−1.2
−13.8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		28
20th
26th
39
78
90
93
99
73
68
61
36
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source:

history

The place has been mentioned since the middle of the 12th century (1137/1139 [Kop.] In Zuze et in Samadene; 1156 coloniam de Samadn ), the origin of the name is unknown. The name form Samaden [sɐˈmɑːdə (n)] , which is still common in Lower Engadin and German today , was used as the official municipality name in 1943 with the native form Samedan [sɐˈmeːdən] ? / i replaced; Its pronunciation [sameˈdaːn], which is widespread among foreigners, with an emphasis on the final syllable, is based on analogy with Parpan , Fetan, etc. Audio file / audio sample

The oldest structural evidence is the St. Peter's Chapel from around 650, the Antonius Chapel from 1250, a residential tower in the upper part of the village from 1288 and the Sebastian Chapel from 1300, which was first mentioned in 1501. Since 1462 Samaden was the seat of the lower court of Sur Funtauna Merla , and it was one of the three large parishes of the Upper Engadin. In 1491 the late Gothic church of St. Peter was added to the Romanesque tower of the Antonius chapel. During the Swabian War of 1499 the village was devastated by fire. The Reformation was introduced in 1550 after the Italian reformer Pietro Paolo Vergerio had preached in the Sebastian Chapel from 1549. In 1551 the Catholic mass services were abolished. Since 1860 the proportion of the Catholic population has increased again sharply to almost 40% today. In 1864 the Capuchin Father Hilarion from Bivio read the first Catholic mass. In 1911 the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was built in neo-Romanesque style, and in 1914 the St. Sebastian Chapel, which had been used by Catholics since 1892, was demolished.

From the 16th century onwards, the von Salis and von Planta families built some representative buildings. Through political offices in the Graubünden subject areas, through emigration and foreign services, they had gained wealth and prosperity.

A first hospital was mentioned in 1812, and the Upper Engadin District Hospital was built in 1895. The strategically favorable village location allowed trade and commerce to grow. Tourism , which began to emerge in 1830 , led to the construction of hotels, campsites , an English church in neo-Gothic style (1872; demolished in 1965), a golf course (1893) and the funicular to the Muottas Muragl (1907). In 1888 a power station was built. With the opening of the Albula line in 1903, the village received a rail connection and became the most important junction in the Engadine. After the great flooding of the Inn, river barriers were built from 1920 to protect the village; last in 2004 the river Flaz was relocated entirely to the right side of the valley. In 1937 the airfield started operations. When several bombs were dropped from American planes on October 1, 1943, the Chesa Planta was damaged. In the same year, the von Planta family foundation (Fundaziun de Planta) was set up, which is dedicated to the Rhaeto-Romanic culture. The Protestant educational establishment, today's Academia Engiadina , was also opened.

After the Second World War, the municipal, regional and cantonal infrastructure grew and new quarters were created around the village. The Romanesque farming village transformed into a contemporary service center in just a few decades.

population

Population development
year 1850 1900 1930 1950 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2012 2014 2016
Residents 412 967 1783 1685 2574 2553 2875 3069 2854 2968 2982 3014 2980

languages

The inhabitants of the community originally spoke turkey , a Rhaeto-Romanic idiom . But as early as the 19th century, German advanced. In 1880 only 47% said Romansh was their mother tongue. This value remained fairly stable until the Second World War (1910: 45%; 1941: 42%). In favor of German, the proportion of Romansh speakers fell to 31% by 1970. After a brief recovery, the former majority language has been steadily losing ground since 1980. But in 2000, thanks to the influence of the school, which also teaches Romansh, 42% spoke Romansh. The official languages ​​are German and Romansh. The following table shows the development over the last few decades:

Languages ​​in Samedan GR
languages 1980 census 1990 census 2000 census
number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of
German 1140 44.65% 1567 54.50% 1886 61.45%
Romansh 841 32.94% 649 22.57% 511 16.65%
Italian 451 17.67% 476 16.56% 458 14.92%
Residents 2553 100% 2875 100% 3069 100%

Origin and nationality

Of the 2,854 residents at the end of 2005, 2,300 (= 81% ) were. Swiss citizens.

religion

In 1551 Samedan definitely converted to the Reformation . From around 1860 onwards, Catholics came again; in 2000 49% of the population were Reformed, 39% Catholic.

politics

coat of arms

Blazon : in black a golden (yellow) river god with a golden oar and water vessel.

The seal image of the community is limited to the main motif.

economy

tourism

Samedan train station

As in the whole of the Upper Engadine , tourism is of great importance for the local economy.

Business

Samedan is the only place in the Upper Engadin that has a freight handling center for the Rhaetian Railway . Various companies have settled around the train station and in the industrial zone. The district capital has thus also assumed a central function in the Upper Engadine from an economic point of view.

media

The Engadiner Post , the Engadiner weekly newspaper (until 2011) and Radio Engiadina are domiciled in Samedan .

hospital

The Upper Engadin Hospital , the largest employer in the region, is located in Samedan .

traffic

railroad

The line to Pontresina branches off from the Albula Railway in Samedan . The Rhaetian Railway operates a cargo handling center.

Street

From the main road 27 , which runs through the Engadin, branches off at Samedan, the main road 29 , which leads over the Bernina Pass into the Poschiavo .

Airport

Airfield

The Samedan airfield on the plain on the eastern edge of the town is the highest airport for civil aviation in Europe.

REGA highland base

In Engadin flying REGA since 1957 inserts since 1977 with its own infrastructure at the airport Samedan. Rega 9 is a highland base with a wide range of missions, most of which are so-called primary missions in which an emergency doctor and paramedic are flown to an accident site for first aid.

The Swiss-German feature film Heldin der Lüfte was shot in Samedan, among others, with the support of REGA.

education

The Academia Engiadina with the Higher Technical School for Tourism and the Gymnasium is based in Samedan. Samedan also has a trade school and a commercial vocational school .

Sports

A ski lift is in operation on the slope above the village in winter . Samedan is a central junction in the Engadin network of trails and a transit point for the Engadin Skimarathon .

Samedan is the transit point and (since 2014) the starting point of the Swiss Irontrail mountain run .

The La Senda nature trail runs above the village. You can find out about all the stations on the path with a digital guide.

Samedan has a bike park and a mountain bike time track.

Attractions

The reformed village church is a listed building , and the reformed burial church of St. Peter and the Catholic parish church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus are also worth seeing . The La Tuor tower from the 13th century and the Chesa Planta from the 16th century are located in the center of the village . There is a cultural center with the Upper Engadin culture archive , a residential museum and a Romanesque library.

Other buildings worth mentioning:

photos

  • Burial Church of St Peter

  • Parish Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus

  • Reformed village church

  • La Tuor

  • Chesa Planta

  • Ice skaters in February 1912

and display information about the image
Panoramic picture, seen from the direction of Celerina

Personalities

literature

  • Ottavio Clavuot: Samedan. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2012 .
  • Erwin Poeschel : The art monuments of the canton of Graubünden. Volume III: The valleys of Räzünser Boden, Domleschg, Heinzenberg, Oberhalbstein, Upper and Lower Engadine (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 11). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1940. DNB 760079625 .

Web links

Commons : Samedan  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Climate table. (PDF) In: meteoschweiz.admin.ch. meteoschweiz, accessed on April 9, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Dictionnaire toponymique des communes suisses - Lexicon of Swiss municipality names - Dizionario toponomastico dei comuni svizzeri (DTS | LSG). Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld / Stuttgart / Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1308-5 and Éditions Payot, Lausanne 2005, ISBN 2-601-03336-3 , p. 790.
  4. ↑ a b Ottavio Clavuot: Samedan. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2012 .
  5. ^ Ottavio Clavuot: Samedan. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2012 .
  6. ↑ Bündner Güterbahn, Edition 2009. (PDF; 2.1 MB) (No longer available online.) In: Rhätische Bahn. Archived from the original on November 28, 2009 ; Retrieved September 21, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rhb.ch
  7. ↑ Rega 9: “Highland Base” in the Engadine , accessed on December 15, 2008.
  8. ↑ Tages-Anzeiger online (December 3, 2008): Melanie Winiger saves lives in Bündnerland , accessed on December 4, 2008.
  9. ^ Catholic parish church Herz-Jesu
  10. ↑ Chesa Planta Samedan. Retrieved September 1, 2017 .
  11. ^ Academia Engiadina
  12. ^ Bath house
  13. ↑ Chesa Flurina
  14. ^ Parish hall
  15. ^ House Krone
  16. ^ Hotel Bernina
  17. ^ Section house of the RhB