Samedan
Samedan | |
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State : | Switzerland |
Canton : | Graubünden (GR) |
Region : | Maloja |
BFS no. : | 3786 |
Postal code : | 7503 |
UN / LOCODE : | CH SAM |
Coordinates : | 786668 / 156516 |
Height : | 1721 m above sea level M. |
Height range : | 1695–4048 m above sea level M. |
Area : | 113.79 km² |
Residents: | 2924 (December 31, 2018) |
Population density : | 26 inhabitants per km² |
Mayor : | Jon Fadri Huder |
Website: | www.samedan.ch |
Samedan |
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Location of the municipality | |
Samedan political municipality in the Maloja region of the Swiss canton of Graubünden .
or Samaden is a village and ageography
Geographical location
The Engadin winter sports and climatic health resort is located on the Inn north of St. Moritz and is located in the west from 3246 m above sea level. M. high Piz Ot towers above. The place lies on the western edge of a plateau where the Inn and the Flaz coming from Pontresina converge. The Val Roseg also belongs to the municipality as an exclave .
Various rail and road transport routes meet in Samedan: from St. Moritz in the southwest, from Poschiavo via the Bernina Pass in the south and from the Lower Engadine in the northeast.
climate
The annual mean temperature is 1.9 ° C, with the coldest monthly temperatures in February at −9.1 ° C and the warmest monthly mean temperatures in July at 12.2 ° C. The MeteoSwiss weather station is located at an altitude of 1709 m above sea level. M.
In Samedan, lakes of cold air can be formed and consequently nights can be very cold, especially in winter. The temperature drops below 0 degrees on 234 days of the year. Even in July there are an average of two to three days of frost . Summer days were recorded on average only 2.4 per year in the normal period 1981-2010. According to Köppen's climate classification , Samedan belongs to the sub-arctic area ( Dfc ).
Samedan, 1981-2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate diagram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Samedan, 1981-2010
Source:
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history
The place has been mentioned since the middle of the 12th century (1137/1139 [Kop.] In Zuze et in Samadene; 1156 coloniam de Samadn ), the origin of the name is unknown. The name form Samaden [sɐˈmɑːdə (n)] , which is still common in Lower Engadin and German today , was used as the official municipality name in 1943 with the native form Samedan replaced; Its pronunciation [sameˈdaːn], which is widespread among foreigners, with an emphasis on the final syllable, is based on analogy with Parpan , Fetan, etc.
The oldest structural evidence is the St. Peter's Chapel from around 650, the Antonius Chapel from 1250, a residential tower in the upper part of the village from 1288 and the Sebastian Chapel from 1300, which was first mentioned in 1501. Since 1462 Samaden was the seat of the lower court of Sur Funtauna Merla , and it was one of the three large parishes of the Upper Engadin. In 1491 the late Gothic church of St. Peter was added to the Romanesque tower of the Antonius chapel. During the Swabian War of 1499 the village was devastated by fire. The Reformation was introduced in 1550 after the Italian reformer Pietro Paolo Vergerio had preached in the Sebastian Chapel from 1549. In 1551 the Catholic mass services were abolished. Since 1860 the proportion of the Catholic population has increased again sharply to almost 40% today. In 1864 the Capuchin Father Hilarion from Bivio read the first Catholic mass. In 1911 the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was built in neo-Romanesque style, and in 1914 the St. Sebastian Chapel, which had been used by Catholics since 1892, was demolished.
From the 16th century onwards, the von Salis and von Planta families built some representative buildings. Through political offices in the Graubünden subject areas, through emigration and foreign services, they had gained wealth and prosperity.
A first hospital was mentioned in 1812, and the Upper Engadin District Hospital was built in 1895. The strategically favorable village location allowed trade and commerce to grow. Tourism , which began to emerge in 1830 , led to the construction of hotels, campsites , an English church in neo-Gothic style (1872; demolished in 1965), a golf course (1893) and the funicular to the Muottas Muragl (1907). In 1888 a power station was built. With the opening of the Albula line in 1903, the village received a rail connection and became the most important junction in the Engadine. After the great flooding of the Inn, river barriers were built from 1920 to protect the village; last in 2004 the river Flaz was relocated entirely to the right side of the valley. In 1937 the airfield started operations. When several bombs were dropped from American planes on October 1, 1943, the Chesa Planta was damaged. In the same year, the von Planta family foundation (Fundaziun de Planta) was set up, which is dedicated to the Rhaeto-Romanic culture. The Protestant educational establishment, today's Academia Engiadina , was also opened.
After the Second World War, the municipal, regional and cantonal infrastructure grew and new quarters were created around the village. The Romanesque farming village transformed into a contemporary service center in just a few decades.
population
Population development | |||||||||||||
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year | 1850 | 1900 | 1930 | 1950 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 |
Residents | 412 | 967 | 1783 | 1685 | 2574 | 2553 | 2875 | 3069 | 2854 | 2968 | 2982 | 3014 | 2980 |
languages
The inhabitants of the community originally spoke turkey , a Rhaeto-Romanic idiom . But as early as the 19th century, German advanced. In 1880 only 47% said Romansh was their mother tongue. This value remained fairly stable until the Second World War (1910: 45%; 1941: 42%). In favor of German, the proportion of Romansh speakers fell to 31% by 1970. After a brief recovery, the former majority language has been steadily losing ground since 1980. But in 2000, thanks to the influence of the school, which also teaches Romansh, 42% spoke Romansh. The official languages are German and Romansh. The following table shows the development over the last few decades:
Languages in Samedan GR | ||||||
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languages | 1980 census | 1990 census | 2000 census | |||
number | proportion of | number | proportion of | number | proportion of | |
German | 1140 | 44.65% | 1567 | 54.50% | 1886 | 61.45% |
Romansh | 841 | 32.94% | 649 | 22.57% | 511 | 16.65% |
Italian | 451 | 17.67% | 476 | 16.56% | 458 | 14.92% |
Residents | 2553 | 100% | 2875 | 100% | 3069 | 100% |
Origin and nationality
Of the 2,854 residents at the end of 2005, 2,300 (= 81% ) were. Swiss citizens.
religion
In 1551 Samedan definitely converted to the Reformation . From around 1860 onwards, Catholics came again; in 2000 49% of the population were Reformed, 39% Catholic.
politics
coat of arms
Blazon : in black a golden (yellow) river god with a golden oar and water vessel.
The seal image of the community is limited to the main motif.
economy
tourism
As in the whole of the Upper Engadine , tourism is of great importance for the local economy.
Business
Samedan is the only place in the Upper Engadin that has a freight handling center for the Rhaetian Railway . Various companies have settled around the train station and in the industrial zone. The district capital has thus also assumed a central function in the Upper Engadine from an economic point of view.
media
The Engadiner Post , the Engadiner weekly newspaper (until 2011) and Radio Engiadina are domiciled in Samedan .
hospital
The Upper Engadin Hospital , the largest employer in the region, is located in Samedan .
traffic
railroad
The line to Pontresina branches off from the Albula Railway in Samedan . The Rhaetian Railway operates a cargo handling center.
Street
From the main road 27 , which runs through the Engadin, branches off at Samedan, the main road 29 , which leads over the Bernina Pass into the Poschiavo .
Airport
The Samedan airfield on the plain on the eastern edge of the town is the highest airport for civil aviation in Europe.
REGA highland base
In Engadin flying REGA since 1957 inserts since 1977 with its own infrastructure at the airport Samedan. Rega 9 is a highland base with a wide range of missions, most of which are so-called primary missions in which an emergency doctor and paramedic are flown to an accident site for first aid.
The Swiss-German feature film Heldin der Lüfte was shot in Samedan, among others, with the support of REGA.
education
The Academia Engiadina with the Higher Technical School for Tourism and the Gymnasium is based in Samedan. Samedan also has a trade school and a commercial vocational school .
Sports
A ski lift is in operation on the slope above the village in winter . Samedan is a central junction in the Engadin network of trails and a transit point for the Engadin Skimarathon .
Samedan is the transit point and (since 2014) the starting point of the Swiss Irontrail mountain run .
The La Senda nature trail runs above the village. You can find out about all the stations on the path with a digital guide.
Samedan has a bike park and a mountain bike time track.
Attractions
The reformed village church is a listed building , and the reformed burial church of St. Peter and the Catholic parish church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus are also worth seeing . The La Tuor tower from the 13th century and the Chesa Planta from the 16th century are located in the center of the village . There is a cultural center with the Upper Engadin culture archive , a residential museum and a Romanesque library.
Other buildings worth mentioning:
- Academia Engiadina, 1997, architect: giuliani.hönger AG
- Badhaus, 2009, Miller & Maranta Architects
- Chesa Flurina
- Parish hall
- House crown
- Hotel Bernina
- Section house of the RhB
photos
Personalities
- Johannes Badrutt (1819–1889), hotelier
- Oskar Bernhard (1861–1939), heliotherapist, doctor, patron
- Jachiam Tütschett Bifrun (1506–1572), lawyer, notary, mayor, judge and first Bible translator into the Upper Engadin language
- Duri Camichel (1982-2015), ice hockey player
- Werner Camichel (1945–2006), bobsledder
- Selina Chönz (1910–2000), author
- Gianina Ernst (* 1998), ski jumper
- Urs Frey (1960–2008), documentary filmmaker
- Aita Gasparin (* 1994), biathlete
- Elisa Gasparin (* 1991), biathlete
- Selina Gasparin (* 1984), biathlete
- Michelle Gisin (* 1993), ski racer
- Mark Hardy (born 1959), Canadian ice hockey player
- Gerold Hilty (1927–2014), linguist and university professor
- Andrea Huber (* 1975), cross-country skier
- Jörg Jenatsch (1596–1639), pastor and military leader
- Steivan Liun Könz (1940–1998), draftsman, etcher and sgraffito artist
- Ursina Lardi (* 1970), actress
- Oscar Mayer (1916–2011), politician
- Claudio Micheli (* 1970), ice hockey player
- Andrea Robbi (1864–1945), painter
- Giovanni Segantini (1858–1899), painter
- Pietro Paolo Vergerio (1498–1565), Italian reformer and preacher in Samedan 1549–1553
literature
- Ottavio Clavuot: Samedan. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2012 .
- Erwin Poeschel : The art monuments of the canton of Graubünden. Volume III: The valleys of Räzünser Boden, Domleschg, Heinzenberg, Oberhalbstein, Upper and Lower Engadine (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 11). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1940. DNB 760079625 .
Web links
- Samedan on the ETHorama platform
- Official website of the municipality of Samedan
- Samaden on elexikon.ch
Individual evidence
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Climate table. (PDF) In: meteoschweiz.admin.ch. meteoschweiz, accessed on April 9, 2018 .
- ↑ Dictionnaire toponymique des communes suisses - Lexicon of Swiss municipality names - Dizionario toponomastico dei comuni svizzeri (DTS | LSG). Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld / Stuttgart / Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1308-5 and Éditions Payot, Lausanne 2005, ISBN 2-601-03336-3 , p. 790.
- ↑ a b Ottavio Clavuot: Samedan. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2012 .
- ^ Ottavio Clavuot: Samedan. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2012 .
- ↑ Bündner Güterbahn, Edition 2009. (PDF; 2.1 MB) (No longer available online.) In: Rhätische Bahn. Archived from the original on November 28, 2009 ; Retrieved September 21, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Rega 9: “Highland Base” in the Engadine , accessed on December 15, 2008.
- ↑ Tages-Anzeiger online (December 3, 2008): Melanie Winiger saves lives in Bündnerland , accessed on December 4, 2008.
- ^ Catholic parish church Herz-Jesu
- ↑ Chesa Planta Samedan. Retrieved September 1, 2017 .
- ^ Academia Engiadina
- ^ Bath house
- ↑ Chesa Flurina
- ^ Parish hall
- ^ House Krone
- ^ Hotel Bernina
- ^ Section house of the RhB