Ftan

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Ftan
Coat of arms of Ftan
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : canton of Grisonscanton of Grisons Graubünden (GR)
Region : Engiadina Bassa / Val Müstair
Political community : Scuoli2
Postal code : 7551
former BFS no. : 3761
Coordinates : 814500  /  186400 coordinates: 46 ° 47 '39 "  N , 10 ° 14' 55"  O ; CH1903:  814500  /  186400
Height : 1648  m above sea level M.
Area : 43.08  km²
Residents: 506 (December 31, 2013)
Population density : 12 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.ftan.ch
Ftan

Ftan
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Ftan (Switzerland)
Ftan
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Ftan ( [ftan] ? / I , German and until 1943 officially Fetan ) is a village in the municipality of Scuol , which is in the Sur Tasna district in the Inn district of the Swiss canton of Graubünden . Audio file / audio sample

Until December 31, 2014 Ftan was an independent political municipality . On January 1, 2015, Ftan was merged with the four municipalities of Ardez , Guarda , Sent and Tarasp into the municipality of Scuol.

geography

Historic aerial photo by Werner Friedli from 1947
Parish before the merger on January 1, 2015

The place Ftan is at 1650  m . The area of ​​Ftan extends from the Inn at 1200  m to the Augstenberg at 3230  m . The two largest districts are the closely neighboring settlements of Ftan Grond and Ftan Pitschen. The names mean “Gross-Ftan” and “Klein-Ftan” in German.

history

In 2007, archaeologists from the University of Zurich, led by Thomas Reitmaier, found traces of prehistoric people in Plan da Mattun in Val Urschai, who are up to 10,500 years old. On the Muot Padnal there was a fortified settlement with ramparts and moats as well as a circular wall on the Umbrain hill from the Bronze and Iron Ages. Finds from Roman times are proven in Val Tasna, which also show early alpine economic use.

In the 12th century, the Lords of Tarasp had many goods in Ftan and made donations to the monasteries Müstair and Scuol, and after its relocation to the Marienberg Abbey in Vinschgau . The time when the parish church of St. Peter was built is unknown, but the parish of Ftan has been documented since 1492. In 1499 and 1622 Ftan was destroyed by Austrian troops. In 1542 the transition from the Catholic to the Reformed faith took place. In 1652 Ftan bought itself out of Austria and until 1851 belonged to the judicial community of Untertasna.

Plans of fields and houses in Ftan by Martin Peider Schmid

Martin Peider Schmid recorded his precise observations on Ftan in a two-volume manuscript called Chiantun verd in the 1770s . Ftan was devastated several times by avalanches (1682 and 1720) and by village fires (1723, 1794 and 1885). In 1875 avalanche barriers and afforestation began. To save the Ftan Grond part of the village from the risk of slipping, the unstable moraine soil of the Palüds da Sainas was drained. Since the construction of the Engadiner Talstrasse from 1860 to 1862, Ftan has been largely cut off from main traffic, as a result of which the population decreased from 506 to 403 between 1850 and 1900. Some Ftaner families emigrated as café animals and confectioners and bought corresponding shops in Italy, Northern and Eastern Europe.

In the important agriculture, arable farming was gradually abandoned in favor of livestock farming. In 1970 the first chair and ski lift was built; after that, winter tourism increased rapidly, which was particularly evident in the construction of numerous holiday apartments.

Attractions

  • reformed Church
  • House of Vulpius

population

languages

Despite a small German-speaking minority which remained Ftaner the Vallader , a Romansh dialect, until the beginning of World War II faithful (1880 89%, 1900 92% and in 1941 86%). After that, the majority language began to decline by 1980. Since then, a narrow Romansh-speaking majority has been able to assert itself. The language, supported by the community and school, is even gaining ground again (68% understood Romansh in 1990, and even 76% in 2000).

The following table shows the development over the last few decades:

Languages ​​in Ftan
languages 1980 census 1990 census 2000 census
number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of
German 139 31.95% 153 33.77% 191 37.02%
Romansh 251 57.70% 263 58.06% 298 57.75%
Italian 19th 4.37% 14th 3.09% 6th 1.16%
Residents 435 100% 453 100% 516 100%

Religions and denominations

The Reformation was introduced in 1542. Some well-known Reformed pastors came from Ftan and also worked there. From 1888 to 1924 and since 1928 Ftan and Ardez have formed a pastoral community, and Guarda has also been part of it since 2016. The reformed village church in Ftan Grond is a listed building.

Origin and nationality

Of the 477 residents at the end of 2005, 437 (= 92%) were Swiss citizens.

economy

The inhabitants of Ftan live to a large extent from tourism and the school institute. There are also small and handicrafts, a VOLG village shop, a bakery and a cooperative cheese dairy. In mountain agriculture, 25 farmers in 20 farms cultivate around 500 hectares. In 2014, 7 farms had dairy cows, 4 suckler cows, 6 sheep and 5 goats. That is why the alpine economy in summer is also important, which is operated in Laret, Clünas, Val Tasna, Val Urschai and Val Sampuoir, often in partnership with the Ardez farmers.

traffic

Ftan is served by the Ftan - Scuol Bahnhof - Scuol Posta bus line. At the Scuol Bahnhof stop, you can change trains to the Rhaetian Railway in the direction of Samedan and Pontresina ( Bever - Scuol-Tarasp line ) and via Sagliains and the Vereinatunnel in the direction of Klosters and Landquart .

In the late evening there is also a direct bus connection to neighboring Ardez .

The Ftan Baraigla stop on the Bever - Scuol-Tarasp railway line is in the Ftan area. However, the station is at an altitude of 1335  m and thus about 300 meters below the town center, from which it is therefore difficult to reach.

Ftan used to be on the Engadiner Talstrasse ( Via imperiala ). With the construction of Hauptstrasse 27 , the village has been bypassed extensively in the valley floor since 1865.

regional customs

Song festival in Ftan 1935

In the tradition of nicknames for the Engadine villages , the Ftans are called ils muois , in English: "the ox" because of their alleged stubbornness.

The festival of Babania is celebrated on January 6th , every Saturday before the first Monday of February for the Schüschaiver .

education

In 1793 the Reformed pastor Andrea Rosius à Porta founded a school institute for boys and girls, which existed until 1869. He was influenced by Ulysses von Salis-Marschlins and Heinrich Pestalozzi . As a result, the Fetan High Alpine Daughter Institute (HTF) was established in 1916 . It was the first private school in the canton of Graubünden - a boarding school that previously only trained young women. Since 1976 it has also been a regional middle school for both genders, which leads to federally recognized maturities and diplomas. In 1993 it was renamed " Hochalpines Institut Ftan ".

Personalities

photos

  • Ftan to the south

  • Alpine mill from the 16th / 17th centuries century

  • village street

  • View of Ftan

literature

  • Paul Eugen Grimm and Jürg Wirth: Introducing your holiday resort: Ftan. Gammeter, St. Moritz and Scuol 2014
  • Erwin Poeschel : The art monuments of the canton of Graubünden III. The valley communities Räzünser Boden, Domleschg, Heinzenberg, Oberhalbstein, Upper and Lower Engadine. (= Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 11). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1940. DNB 760079625 .

Web links

Commons : Ftan  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See map or Internet map service.
  2. ↑ Dictionary ICT .
  3. ^ Paul Eugen Grimm: Schmid, Martin Peider. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  4. ↑ a b Paul Eugen Grimm: Ftan. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . On the history of the institute: Peter Metz: "Schools on sunny heights." Chur: Tardis 2019, 188–202.
  5. ↑ Paul Eugen Grimm and Jürg Wirth: Introducing your holiday resort: Ftan. Gammeter, St. Moritz and Scuol 2014
  6. ^ Reformed Church
  7. ^ House of Vulpius
  8. ↑ Paul Eugen Grimm and Jürg Wirth: Introducing your holiday resort: Ftan. Gammeter, St. Moritz and Scuol 2014, pages 10–11