Flims
| Flims | |
|---|---|
 |
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| State : |
 Switzerland
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| Canton : |
 Graubünden (GR)
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| Region : | In the ground |
| BFS no. : | 3732 |
| Postal code : | 7017-7019 |
| Coordinates : | 740 724 / 188563 |
| Height : | 1081 m above sea level M. |
| Height range : | 621–3096 m above sea level M. |
| Area : | 50.50 km² |
| Residents: | 2836 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 56 inhabitants per km² |
| Website: | www.gemeindeflims.ch |
 Flims village under the wall of the Flimserstein |
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| Location of the municipality | |
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Flims ( Romansh Flem ) is a municipality in the Imboden region of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland . The community is divided into Flims-Dorf and Flims-Waldhaus . The village parts Fidaz and Scheia also belong to Flims . To a certain extent, Flims forms the top of the Oberalpstrasse ( Hauptstrasse 19 ), which climbs 500 meters from Reichenau to Flims, only to lose another 400 meters on the way to Ilanz .
Surname
The name is originally derived from the Latin word fluvius for 'river'. Nicolin Sererhard wrote in 1742: "Flimss leads his name from the beautiful water sources that gush out in Fleken, [...] then Flümss in the Rhaetian language means something like Flumina, water rivers ." Ulrich Campell wrote around 1750: " Hoc est Flumina, forsan ob frigidissimus vivosque fontium numero undecim latices […] ”. Sererhard and Campell show that the name Flims refers to the source streams that once flowed through the village. The German “Flims” with its plural -s has thus retained its original meaning better than the Romanesque “Flem”, which has thrown off the s because its meaning was apparently no longer understood; the name was related to the river of the same name .
geography
The districts of Flims-Dorf and Flims-Waldhaus lie on both sides of the Flem valley , which forms the Stenna Gorge just above. The loop of the road down to the old bridge at the end of the gorge was replaced in 1959 by a direct, new Stennabrücke , which from then on facilitated the traffic between the village parts. The Oberalpstrasse through Flims also served to develop the Surselva until the opening of the local bypass, which mainly ran in two tunnels .
On the rubble cone of the Flims landslide , in the south of the municipality, lies the Flims forest with its four lakes. The largest, Lake Cauma ( Lag la Cauma ), with its striking color, has a seasonal fluctuating level, while the uppermost lake, Lag Prau Pulté , falls completely dry in winter. In summer, on the other hand, it overflows and feeds the Lag Prau Tuleritg , which is almost at the level of Lake Cauma in its own area chamber. Except for the stream from the Pulte to the Tuleritg, there are only underground inflows and outflows. This is noticeable at Lag Prau Pulté, because the cloudy water rising from the subsurface repeatedly carries air bubbles with it to the surface. The Crestasee , located further to the east, is known as a bathing lake, but has a constant level. The steep walls of the Ruinaulta Rhine Gorge lie south of the large forest . They drop about 350 meters to the Vorderrhein .
In the north is the imposing wall of the Flimserstein , which was made accessible to tourists by the railway on the Cassons until 2015 . To the northwest of it, on Piz Segnas and on the Tschingelhörner , the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Glarus Thrust is prominently visible, also known as the Sardona Tectonic Arena .
history
Flims was first mentioned in documents in 765, when Bishop Tello von Chur bequeathed numerous areas of the lower Surselva , including his inheritance from the village of Flemme (Flims), to the Disentis monastery . In addition to the diocese of Chur, the Pfäfers monastery in Flims and Fidaz probably owned land in 840 . Other medieval landlords from and in Flims were the St. Luzi monastery in Chur, the barons of Belmont and their successors, the barons of Sax -Misox. After 1300 Romanized Walser from Vals settled in Fidaz and Scheia.
From 1399 Flims belonged to the Gray League as a judicial municipality. In 1412 it was bought from Pfäfers and in 1538 from the Sax-Misoxer rulership rights, which had since passed to Chur. From 1526–1528, Amman from Flims and district judge of the Gray League, Hans von Capol (1470–1560) and his brother Wolf von Capol (1473–1563) carried out the Reformation over the years . In 1538 Flims succeeded in buying up all the rights of the Chur bishop and quickly developing in freedom.
During the Graubünden turmoil in the Thirty Years' War , Flims gained a certain importance when Jörg Jenatsch , who later converted to Catholicism, appeared in front of the house of his political opponent and Protestant Joseph von Capol in 1621 and had him shot down. In May 1799 Napoleon's troops fought against the Bündner Oberland near Reichenau . The battle with over 600 dead left no traces in Flims. The French marched through Flims on their campaign of revenge, but spared the village. This was done out of respect for the later officer of the Legion of Honor , Captain Ragettli , who played a key role in the defeat of the Oberlanders. At that time, Austrian, French and Russian troops took turns plundering occupiers in Bünden.
In the 19th century, Flims continuously developed into a health resort and numerous hotels began operating. The Kur- und Verkehrsverein was founded in 1904, and winter tourism began in 1910 and took off after the Second World War . On the day of the armistice in 1945, construction began on the chairlift to Foppa , the world's first detachable chairlift. It replaced the tractor sledge with which the ski guests were driven to Foppa before the war. Two years later, the second section after Naraus was put into operation.
In order to develop Flims, the community was passed over during the construction of the railway; From the various variants of the project of the railway line to Ilanz , the variant through the Rhine Gorge was decided in 1898 , so neither Flims nor Versam were accessible on the opposite side of the valley. While Versam received a train station and is now accessible by post bus, two variants were discussed on the Flims side, whereupon the municipality submitted two license applications: A funicular from Versam Station to Conn failed, mainly because of the steepness of the site, since concessions for 660 per thousand were limited, while 690 per thousand would have made sense here. For the narrow-gauge railway from Reichenau, the Council of States awarded a concession on June 5, 1908, which was confirmed by the National Council on June 12. The delay due to the indecision of the municipalities led to financial problems for the project and despite the extension of the concession to the abandonment of the project due to the First World War .
Despite the Graubünden automobile ban on private traffic until 1925, on June 15, 1919, Flims was granted a concession to run a postbus from Reichenau to Flims in summer on the basis of a federal council resolution on April 5. Ten years later, five former Saurer military trucks were already in operation for the post bus service on this route, which stimulated tourism in Flims and Surselva. At the same time, further projects for the tourist development of the whole region with finances from private individuals and hoteliers were created.
On October 26, 1956, the gondola lift to the Cassonsgrat ( 2700 m above sea level ) was inaugurated. After a fire in 2018, the cable car operation was completely stopped and new projects are in progress. In January 1969, what was then the world's longest cable car to Startgels with a distance of 3.7 km went into operation.
On June 6, 2006, Flims fell victim to a major fire: in the upper village, seven residential buildings and seven stables burned down completely in the evening; over twenty people lost their homes.
From September 18 to October 6, 2006, the autumn session of the federal councils took place in Flims . Due to construction work in the Federal Palace in Bern, the councils met away from home. As a reference to the fourth national language, the session (Romansh: Sessiun ) took place in the Romansh canton of Graubünden.
Since October 28, 2007, Flims has been relieved of through traffic by a bypass tunnel.
On 6 December 2018 the village center Stenna Flims was opened after four years of construction, at the same time the adjacent Stennabrücke had been rehabilitated.
coat of arms
Blazon : In gold (yellow) on a red background Saint Martin on horseback, who divides his cloak with a silver (white) sword and gives one half to a crouching beggar.
In the beginning, the municipality of Flims used the golden arrow on a black background as a seal, the symbol of the Lords of Capol , who from the 15th century onwards often directed the affairs of the municipality as ammen. After Flims began to break away from Pfäfers Abbey and the Chur church during the Reformation, the community created its own seal.
population
| Population development | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1850 | 1900 | 1950 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 |
| Residents | 906 | 789 | 1148 | 2136 | 2258 | 2549 | 2587 | 2571 | 2637 | 2722 |
Between 1850 and 1870 there was a major wave of emigration from Flem (1850–1870: −18%) to the industrial centers of the region. After that, the population hovered around the 800-inhabitant mark until 1900. The population increased significantly in the first half of the 20th century (from 789 to 1148 people or + 45%), but Flims only grew at a rapid pace through the tourist development (1950–2005: +127%). Instead of 906 inhabitants as in 1850, the community now has around 2700 inhabitants.
languages
Around 1300 Walser immigrated to parts of the place. These were, however, in contrast to other regions of Graubünden by the local Grisons novels which the dialect Sursilvan spoke, Romanized. With the rise of tourism, the proportion of Romansh speakers fell from 87% in 1880 to 74% in 1910 to 55% in 1941. This development continued after the Second World War and continues to this day. The decline was particularly strong in the 1980s (1980–1990: −54%).
The inhabitants of Flims are therefore largely German-speaking today. On the occasion of the census in 2000, only 18% of Flims stated that they understood Romansh. After German and Romansh, Portuguese is the third most common main language with 5% of the population. As a result, fewer people today speak the original Romansh language than immigrants from southern Europe.
Origin and nationality
Of the 2722 residents at the end of 2016, 2118 (= 78%) were Swiss citizens.
tourism
The most famous hotels in Flims are the Hotel Waldhaus , which opened in 1877 in a hotel park with an area of 200,000 m², and the Hotel Schweizerhof , which opened in 1903 and where the Swiss filmmaker Daniel Schmid grew up. The first hotel, however, was the Segnes und Post house on the main road. In the summer of 1873 Friedrich Nietzsche stayed for four weeks at the Hotel Segnes and wrote letters about the baths in Lake Cauma and the whey cures .
Until the early 1970s, the summer season remained the main season for Flims thanks to the large forest and Lake Cauma - and loyal regular guests. However, winter sports were recognized early on as an opportunity for a second season. Hoteliers willing to take risks installed central heating in their homes even before the Second World War. Shortly before the war, a snowmobile train with a Hürlimann caterpillar tractor was used. The exhaust gases from the tractor supplied the foot heaters installed in the two trailers. The tractor was requisitioned by the army when the war broke out. The first ski course, already in 1908, had to be canceled due to too much snow. When it opened on December 16, 1945, the chairlift to Foppa initially rode on wooden masts, as steel was not available during the war; all the more courageous were the Deutsche Bahn shareholders. The cable car to the Cassonsgrat was the oldest licensed cable car in Switzerland until it closed in 2015 and a fire in 2018 . Today the area has an extensive network of bike and hiking trails in the UNESCO-protected natural area of Piz Sardona. Since September 2006, the Il spir viewing platform has been located south of Flims near Conn, 380 meters above the Rhine on the edge of the Ruinaulta, and offers spectacular views over the gorge.
In 1962 the first lifts were built in the neighboring town of Laax . The neighborly relationship with Flims was not very benevolent. The lifts of Bergbahnen Flims in the Nagens area in the Laax municipality could only be put into operation thanks to federal court rulings. The Graubergbahn, which was built on the municipal boundary in 1972, was an obvious result of this dispute, as the station was right on the municipal boundary. After a long time with a tariff association in the Nagens area, the Weisse Arena Gruppe was created in 1996 with the merger of the Crap Sogn Gion and Flims mountain railways . The winter season had meanwhile become economically more important than the summer season. In 2011, 28 railways and 220 kilometers of slopes formed the backbone of the Weisse Arena winter season.
The ski area, which extends over the municipal areas of Flims, Laax, Falera , Ladir and Ruschein , is developed from Flims, Laax and Falera and is marketed under the Laax brand name. The spatially identical summer destination, on the other hand, is sold under the name of Flims for the reasons mentioned above.
Even in winter, a good 30 percent of Flims holiday guests are non-skiers who take advantage of the offers for winter hiking or can be ice skaters and curling players .
Attractions
- Reformed St. Martin's Church in Flims
- St. Simplizi Chapel in Fidaz
- Yellow House , exhibition center in Flims
- Old post
- Former benefice and school house
- Former castle hotel
- Ensemble of buildings
- House of Hans von Capol
- House Wolf von Capol
- House Hercules von Capol (now UBS)
- Hotel Schweizerhof
- Hotel museum in the Hotel Waldhaus
- Schlössli Flims , town hall
Outside the village
- Parc la Mutta in Falera , the largest megalithic complex in Switzerland
- Mirasteilas observatory in Falera, the largest publicly accessible observatory in Switzerland
- Romance language educational trail
- Belmont Castle , castle ruins near Fidaz
- Bathing lakes Caumasee and Cresta lakes
- Il spir , viewing platform at Conn
- Ruinaulta Rhine Gorge
- Flims waterway «Trutg dil Flem»
Personalities
- Martin Accola (1928–2012), pastor and dean of the Reformed Bündnerkirche
- Hans von Capol (1470–1560), captain, Ammann von Flims and judge
- Wolf von Capol (1473–1563), Müller and Ammann von Flims
- Gian Fontana (1897–1935) writer
- Stefan Gabriel (1570–1638), Protestant Reformed pastor in Flims 1593–1599 and founder of the Rhaeto-Romanic written language of the Surselvian idiom
- Lucius Gabriel (1597–1663), Protestant Reformed pastor in Flims 1632–1638 and 1638–1663 and Bible translator into the Romansh written language of the Surselvian idiom
- Jules Geiger (1898–1987), photographer and postcard publisher
- Reto Gurtner (* 1955), economist, lawyer and tourism entrepreneur
- Theodore Garbade (1873–1961), banker, president of the Cuban Cigar Manufacturers Association
- Rainer Küschall (* 1947), multiple Paralympics winner, world champion, racing driver and wheelchair designer, grew up in Flims
- Oreste Olgiati (born April 23, 1869 in Poschiavo , † October 3, 1920 in Flims), Grand Councilor of Graubünden, Mayor of Chur , Councilor
- Rudolf Olgiati (1910–1995), architect in Flims
- Valerio Olgiati (* 1958), architect and architecture professor
- Andri Ragettli (* 1998), freeskier
- Daniel Schmid (1941-2006), filmmaker, grew up in the Hotel Schweizerhof on
sports clubs
One of the numerous sports clubs in the municipality of Flims is the Flims ice hockey club. He plays with the 1st team in the amateur league of the Regio League , Group 4 (North-East Switzerland). The home ground is the stadium of the “Prau la selva” sports center in Flims.
Spa houses and institutes
Since time immemorial people have bathed in Lake Cauma and so, after the advent of air cures, Flims became a health resort with 2 health resorts in Fidaz and Flims Waldhaus. In addition, several children's homes and three school institutes were built in the Waldhaus district: the Briner Institute (1927–1956), its successor, the Flims Alpine Progymnasium (1956–1993) and the Flims boarding school, which is one of the two non-cantonal homes of the Zurich Children's and Youth Homes Foundation is. In 1999, the foundation took over the boarding school, which the city of Zurich bought in 1943 and originally used as a convalescent home for children with lung diseases.
gallery
Flims forest house
Flims forest
Flims Fidaz under the Flimserstein
Location of the former Elisabethenkapelle on the road to Trin; mentioned in 1488 and 1528 still in use
Capol-Stube from 1682 from the Schlössli (today in the MET Museum in New York)
literature
- Hermann Anliker: Flims (= Swiss homeland books . Volume 106-108 ). Haupt, Bern 1961, DNB 450091937 .
- Daniel Schmid, Dino Simonett: Excitation bizarre . Zyloc Publications, Zurich 2003, ISBN 3-905562-15-4 (photo documentation; Gelbes Haus Flims).
- Daniel Schmid: Flimmering Flims / Les amateurs DVD
- Weisse Arena AG (Ed.): The mountain calls. We also. Echoes from the peripheral area . Edition Hochparterre , 2012.
- Martin Bundi: Flims. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2009 .
Web links
- Flims on the ETHorama platform
- Official website of the municipality of Flims
- Tourism organization website
Individual evidence
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ^ Hermann Anliker: Flims . Haupt, Bern 1961, DNB 450091937 (Swiss home books, vol. 106-108).
- ^ Hermann Anliker: Flims . Haupt, Bern 1961, DNB 450091937 (Schweizer Heimatbücher, Vol. 106-108, p. 26.).
- ↑ Foppa on ETHorama
- ↑ Von Roll chairlift system from 1945
- ↑ chroniknet.de
- ^ Tiefbauamt GR ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Flims municipality - coat of arms & lettering. Retrieved on November 4, 2017 (Swiss Standard German).
- ↑ Flims municipality - Facts & Figures. Retrieved on November 4, 2017 (Swiss Standard German).
- ↑ Cassons Cable Car
- ↑ Weisse Arena Gruppe , key figures 2011 , accessed on May 8, 2012
- ↑ Old Post
- ↑ Former benefice and school house
- ↑ Former castle hotel
- ^ Ensemble of buildings
- ^ House of Hans von Capol
- ^ House Wolf von Capol
- ^ House Hercules von Capol (now UBS)
- ^ Hotel Schweizerhof
- ^ Martin Bundi: Capol, Hans. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Martin Bundi: Capol, Wolf. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Lucia Walther: Gabriel, Stefan. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Martin Bundi: Gabriel, Luzi. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Jules Geiger on fotoCH
- ^ Adolf Collenberg: Oreste Olgiati. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 2, 2009 , accessed January 31, 2020 .
- ↑ Bündner Jahrbuch 2020, 119-138.
- ↑ ruinaulta , February 19, 2016, pages 1–3
- ↑ Erwin Poeschel , DKM GR, Volume IV, p. 15
- ↑ NZZ .
- ↑ Hochparterre ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
