Reichenau GR
| GR is the abbreviation for the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland and is used to avoid confusion with other entries of the name Reichenau . |
| Reichenau GR | ||
|---|---|---|
| State : |
 Switzerland
|
|
| Canton : |
 Graubünden (GR)
|
|
| Region : | In the ground | |
| Political community : | Tamins | |
| Postal code : | 7015 | |
| Coordinates : | 750 325 / 187 839 | |
| Height : | 604 m above sea level M. | |
| Website: | www.tamins.ch | |
 Rhine bridge and Reichenau Castle |
||
| map | ||
|
||
Reichenau is a place in the political municipality of Tamins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden . The hamlet, dominated by the building complex of Reichenau Castle and its bridges, is located at the confluence of the Vorder and Hinterrhein rivers . Across the Rhine, in the Domat / Ems municipality , is the Reichenau-Tamins station of the Rhaetian Railway .
history
The location is named after the Reichenau monastery , which has owned goods here since the Carolingian era .
In the 14th century, when long-distance traffic over the Graubünden Alpine passes increased significantly, two bridges and a customs house were built. Until then, the traffic route coming from Chur was divided in Domat / Ems: one branch led south, through the rocky cliffs of the Crap taglieu along the Hinterrhein into Domleschg and on to the Splügen and San Bernardino passes, the other over the Punt arsa Rhine bridge to the village of Tamins and further west to the Lukmanier and Oberalp passes . The upturn in traffic made it now seem worthwhile to build bridges not at the structurally most favorable location as before, but at the strategically most favorable location - in Reichenau, where all traffic could be controlled. One of the new bridges led directly at the confluence over the Vorderrhein, the other about 300 meters below over the united Rhine. In between was the customs office.
Further buildings were not built until after 1616, when the villages of the Hohentrins court replaced feudal rights by paying money and the Lords of Schauenstein moved the center of their rule to Reichenau. The current building stock of the castle goes back to extensions in 1775 and 1820. From 1718 to 1748 Reichenau made use of customs law as well as the right to mint coins.
In 1792, Count Johann Rudolf von Buol-Schauenstein sold Reichenau to Messrs. Simeon Bavier, GA Vieli and Johann Baptist Tscharner. Tscharner moved his educational institution for philanthropism , which had previously been housed in Jenins , to the rooms of the castle. The head of this institute was Johann Peter Nesemann from Magdeburg. The school received a new boost from Heinrich Zschokke , a German, also from Magdeburg. The educational institution existed until 1798. From November 1793 to the end of June 1794 the young Duke of Chartres, who later became the "citizen king" Louis-Philippe I , taught French and mathematics as Monsieur Chabos. He had come here under the protection of the castle's administrator at the time, Alois von Jost, a former officer of the Swiss Guard in Paris.
After the institute was closed, the French envoy Guyot took his seat in Reichenau Castle. From here he and Zschokke represented the so-called party of the "Patriots", the opponents of the Salis and Austria, who advocated the annexation of Graubünden to Switzerland. In 1799 farmers from Oberland attacked a post of 900 French who were defending the Reichenau bridge with artillery. Until 1812 a mining company tried to produce gold. The castle still belongs to the von Tscharner family , who are involved in viticulture in the Chur area. Today some outbuildings serve as a hotel.
At the end of the 19th century, the two road bridges were rebuilt as iron structures, one of which has been preserved to this day, the other was replaced by a concrete bridge in the 1960s. The two bridges of the Rhaetian Railway (1896 and 1903) as well as the Rhine crossing of the A13 continue the tradition of Reichenau as a bridge location and transport hub.
Reichenau around 1822
Fire of the Rhine bridge near Reichenau on July 31/1. August 1880 drawing by Johannes Weber
Aerial photo (1965)
literature
- Armon Planta : Traffic routes in ancient Raetia . Volume 4. Chur, 1990. ISBN 3-905241-06-4
- Werner Ort: The student republic in Schloss Reichenau , Verlag Hier und Jetzt, 2018, ISBN 978-3-03919-463-6
Web links
- Linus Bühler: Reichenau (GR). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . August 23, 2010 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. Geigy: Haldenstein and Schauenstein-Reichenau and their coinage: study, presented to the General Assembly of the Members of the General Assembly of the Members of the General Assembly of the Members of Switzerland. Numismatic Society, in Lucerne on September 20, 1888 , Bulletin de la Société suisse de Numismatique, Volume 8, 1889, Issue 8–9
- ↑ Modern school in 1793 - Free people should grow up in Reichenau Castle. In: srf.ch . November 1, 2018, accessed November 1, 2018 .
- ↑ Reichenau Castle at www.graubuendenkultur.ch