Stefan Gabriel

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Stefan Gabriel (* around 1570 in Ftan , in the Lower Engadine ; † October 6, 1638 in Ilanz in the Bündner Oberland ) was a Swiss Reformed pastor in Graubünden and Zurich . With his catechism Ilg Vêr Sulaz da pievel giuvan (German: The true joy of the young people ), printed in Basel in 1611 , he was the founder of the Romansh written language of the Surselvian idiom .

Life

Stefan Gabriel was born as the son of Men. And Maria Canginaum around 1570 in the Lower Engadin village of Ftan and grew up there. He attended the Nikolaischule in Chur from 1588 to 1589 and, thanks to government financial support, studied Protestant theology from 1590 to 1593 at the Schola Tigurina , the forerunner of the University of Zurich . There he also established important relationships with Kaspar Waser , Johann Jakob Breitinger and other people who later benefited him.

In 1593 he was accepted into the Evangelical-Rhaetian Synod in Chur , which gave him the right to work as a pastor in Bünden. In the same year he was elected pastor by the municipality of Flims . From 1599 he worked as a pastor and writer in Ilanz.

In 1618 Gabriel participated in the criminal court in Thusis , where, among other things, the death sentence was pronounced against Nicolò Rusca . Because of the turmoil in Graubünden , he was forced to flee with his sons Lucius Gabriel and Men-Fort Gabriel on October 8, 1620 via St. Gallen to Zurich , where he was able to accept a pastor's position in St. Peter's Church . His son Lucius went back to Graubünden in 1622. Gabriel could not accompany him because the following year he became pastor in Altstetten near Zurich.

From 1623 to 1625 France offered the refugees a return to Graubünden. Ilanz had also asked that Gabriel come back as pastor, because they had kept his position free for him. In February 1626 he returned and was also appointed Dean of the Three Leagues , where he devoted himself to rebuilding the Reformed Church in the canton. He also acted as a mediator between the Reformed and the Capuchins .

In 1632 Stefan Gabriel was also appointed pastor in Castrisch and dean of the synod. In this capacity he pushed back the influence of Catholicism and stood up for freedom of belief. He also wrote other smaller theological works that were used for teaching long after his death. He died on October 6, 1638 in Ilanz.

Catechism and songbook Ilg Vêr Sulaz da pievel giuvan from 1611 and 1625

In 1611 he wrote the catechism Ilg Vêr Sulaz da pievel giuvan (German: The true joy of the young people ), which was printed by Johann Jakob Genath in Basel. This catechism was counted among the most important theological writings of the Rhaeto-Romanic literature of the 17th century and was translated into German and Italian several times. For the appendix to his catechism he made a selection of 14 psalms and 25 hymns. In this work he used two sources in particular: The first was the Cudesch da Psalms by the Engadin reformer Ulrich Campell . The second source was the second edition of the church hymn book of the city of Zurich from 1605. Contrary to the Catholic tradition, he gave secular melodies to many songs with spiritual content.

In 1618 the Catholic Adam Nauli wrote a diatribe against Gabriel with the title Anatomia dil Sulaz dil Stefan Gabriel .

In 1625 Gabriel published a second and somewhat larger edition of the Ver Sulaz . Several new song compositions of his own, a few songs by his son Lucius, three song translations and five psalms (2, 8, 42, 94 and 130) were added. He also made linguistic changes where a Germanism could be replaced by a Romance word and the meter could be made clearer. In 1620, as a result of the Graubünden turmoil and the Veltliner murder of the Protestants, he wrote the retribution psalm 94 that the Lord in heaven should repay the Catholic enemies.

This second edition of the catechism and songbook made history in Romance literature and, along with the Consolaziun dell'olma devoziusa, received the greatest number of editions that a Romance book had ever seen.

Works

" Igl ver sulaz da pievel guivan "
  • Ilg Ver Sulaz da pievel giuvan (Basel 1611)
  • Storgae Salicae. Id est epistola in qua pater orthodoxus filium papistam in veritatis viam reducere conatur (Genevae 1617)
  • Ünna Stadera Da Psar qual seic la vera Caridenscha (1625)
  • Ün catechism. Par queus chi nu saun script (Zurich 1625)
  • Christian valet sermon by the venerable and well-learned Mr. Stephani Gabrielis past pastor in Altstetten, Zurich area. Held on February 16, 1626 (Zurich 1627)
  • Antidote or refutation of a disgraceful scripture, so again the evangelical truth and the teacher, was blown up by the Capucineren in Graw-Pündten. The believers there for information and consolation. In the year of Christ 1627

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lucia Walther: Gabriel, Stefan. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  2. ↑ Ragaz Rageth: Stefan Gabriel, the predicant and poet: A bid for life from Graubünden's most difficult time. Bündnerisches monthly newspaper: magazine for the history of the Graubünden, regional and folklore, article in issue 1–3 / 1928 and issue 1/1929
  3. ↑ Patrick A. Wild: Steffan Gabriels Vêr Sulaz from 1611. Library Chesa Planta Samedan
  4. ↑ Ilg versulaz da pievelgiuvan: quei eis unna curta summa da la cardientscha ...: anzaquonts psamls da David, a canzuns spiritualas ... / tras Steffan Gabriel ... in www.e-rara.ch
  5. ↑ Hans-Peter Schreich-Stuppan: 500 years of Protestant church singing in Graubünden. Proposition. Soglio 2015, page 6 ( Memento of the original from November 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. as a pdf on www.gr-ref.ch @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gr-ref.ch
  6. ↑ Hans-Peter Schreich-Stuppan: 500 years of Protestant church singing in Graubünden. Proposition. Soglio 2015 ( Memento of the original from November 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. as a pdf on www.gr-ref.ch @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gr-ref.ch
personal data
SURNAME Gabriel, Stefan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss Protestant Reformed pastor and co-founder of the Rhaeto-Romanic language in the Sursylvanian idiom
DATE OF BIRTH around 1570
PLACE OF BIRTH Ftan
DATE OF DEATH October 6, 1638
Place of death Ilanz