Todor Panica

Todor Panica

Todor Nikolow Panica (also written Todor Nikolov Panitsa , Bulgarian Тодор Николов Паница ; born July 2, 1879 in Orjachowo , Bulgaria ; † May 8, 1925 (murdered) in Vienna , Austria ) was a Bulgarian freedom fighter and terrorist. He was also a member of the BMARK ( Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committee / Български Македоно-Одрински революционни комитети ) and the resulting IMRO (short for Inner Macedonian Revolutionary Organization ). Todor Panica was the nephew of the revolutionary Kosta Panica , who after an assassination attempt against Prime Minister Stefan Stambolov the death penalty was given.

Life

Todor Panica was born on July 2, 1879 in Orjachowo in what was then the Principality of Bulgaria . However, he became an orphan very early and grew up with his uncle in the port city of Varna . In 1902 he actively joined the BMARK and a year later took part in the Ilinden-Preobraschenie uprising organized by the BMARK . He was fighter in the Tscheta of Nikola Pusch Karow , in the Skopje region against the Ottoman forces ( army and irregulars ) was active. After the suppression of the uprising, he fought in the Drama region from 1904 under the direction of the BMARK voivod Michail Daew . During this time he made friends with Jane Sandanski and became a proponent of his ideas about the future, structure and direction of the BMARK.

In 1906 he was elected a member of the same Revolutionary Area at the Second Congress of the Revolutionary Area of Serres , which at that time was led by Jane Sandanski. Jane Sandanski then commissioned Panica to assassinate the voivoda Mikhail Daew, whose place Panica then took. Todor Panica later participated in Sandanski's conspiracy against the leadership of the IMORO (renamed BMARK) by murdering the two foreign representatives of IMORO in Sofia, Boris Sarafov and Ivan Garvanov , on November 28, 1907 . For this act of the Congress of Imoro of sentenced Kyustendil in 1908 to death.

Together with Sandanski he took part in the Young Turkish Revolution of 1908 and then lived legally in drama .

He participates in the two Balkan Wars of 1912/13 on the side of the Bulgarian army in the liberation of Newrokop (today Goze Deltschew , Bulgaria) and Drama .

In the following World War I he took part on the side of the Bulgarian army against the French army , in the battle of Kriwolak , where he is wounded. For his courage in battle, he was awarded the medal for bravery.

When the Peasant People's League (Българският земеделски народен съюз (БЗНС)) seized power in Bulgaria in 1919 under the leadership of Aleksandar Stambolijski , Todor Panica put himself in their service by replacing the Macedonian Federation with the organization in Newrokop . In response to this, on October 16, 1922, the IMRO sent over 400 Cheta to Newrokop to conquer it. Panica managed to escape, but most of his supporters were caught and punished.

After the military coup of June 9, 1923 in Tsarist Bulgaria , which was directed against the “Serbs-friendly” policies of Aleksandar Stambolijski with the help of the Bulgarian army and the IMRO, Panica first emigrated to Yugoslavia and later to Vienna . He continued to maintain contacts with the so-called “federalists” of the “Macedonian Federal Organization”, which was financed by Yugoslavia. After he settled in Vienna, he made contact with the United IMRO "IMRO (Obedinena)" initiated by the Communist International and the Bulgarian Communist Party . He continues his actions against the IMRO and its leaders Todor Aleksandrov and General Aleksandar Protogerov .

Todor Panica was murdered on May 8, 1925 in the Vienna Burgtheater by Mentscha Karnitschewa . The murder was carried out on behalf of IMRO under Ivan Michajlow by his wife Mecha and represented an act of revenge for treason and the murder of IMRO representatives in Bulgaria, Boris Sarafov and Ivan Garvanov , by Panica in 1907.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Vladeta Milićević : The regicide of Marseille: the crime and its background , p. 30
2. ↑ Theater: Mord im Burgtheater European Cultural News from January 4, 2010
3. ↑ Macht der Bilder Deutschlandradio Kultur, April 23, 2009

swell

• Krum Blagov: The assassination of the foreign representatives of the IMRO (bulg.) In 50 largest assassinations in the Bulgarian history (bulg. 50-те най-големи атентата в българската история), online excerpt
• Mentscha Karnitschewa: Why I killed Todor Panica (Bulgarian) , Publishing House of the Macedonian Scientific Institute 1993, Sofia ( online version ( Memento from January 1, 2009 in the Internet Archive ))

Web links

Commons : Todor Panica  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files