Aleksandar Protogerov

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Aleksandar Protogerov

Aleksandar Protogerow ( Bulgarian Александър Протогеров ; born February 28, 1867 in Ohrid , today North Macedonia ; † July 7, 1928 , Sofia , Bulgaria ) was a Bulgarian military , politician , freedom fighter, revolutionary , freemason , and chairman of the Inner Macedonian Revolutionary Organization , for short IMRO.

Life

Aleksandar Protogerow was born in 1867 in the city of Ohrid on the lake of the same name. After the liberation of Bulgaria , like many Macedonian Bulgarians , he moved to the free principality of Bulgaria . When he arrived in Sofia, he registered for training at the newly founded military academy . In the Serbian-Bulgarian War of 1886 Protogerov took part as a volunteer . As part of a mobile unit ( Tscheta ) he took part in the Gorna Dschumaja uprising in 1902 , of which he became leader after Ivan Zontschew was wounded . Protogerow also took part in the Ilinden Preobraschenie uprising in 1903 . During the Balkan Wars from 1912 to 1913 he was deputy to the leader of the Macedonia-Adrianople Volunteer Corps of the Bulgarian Army , Major General Nikola Genew .

Alexander Protogerov and Todor Alexandrov

Protogerow was actively involved in the formation of the new 11th Infantry Division in Macedonia during the campaign against Serbia in October 1915. Under the division leader, Major General Christo Zlaterew , he was in command of the 3rd Infantry Brigade and took part in the battles in Krivolak, Hradec and Bogdantsi. In 1916 he formed the Bulgarian 1st Mountain Division and became its first commander, on April 1, 1917, he was promoted to major general , and soon afterwards he received the command of the Bulgarian troops in the Morava region (eastern Serbia).

After the First World War, Protogerov was elected a member of the IMRO - Bulgarian National Movement , which was led by Todor Alexandrov . In 1924 the IMRO organization started negotiations with the Comintern on cooperation between the communists and the Macedonian movement and the creation of a united Macedonian movement. Protogerov and his colleague Petar Chaulew probably signed the so-called May Manifesto on May 6th on the formation of a communist federation in the Balkans and cooperation with the Soviet Union in Vienna. Protogerov later denied through the Bulgarian press that he had ever signed any agreements, claiming the May Manifesto was a Communist forgery. Shortly afterwards, Todor Alexandrov was murdered under unclear circumstances and the IMRO movement came under the leadership of Ivan Michajlow , who also became the leading figure in Bulgarian politics. In April 1925 Protogerov was among the wounded in the bombing of the Sveta Nedelya Cathedral . The result of the murder of Alexandrov was a long fratricidal struggle within the organization, with Protogerov also being murdered in 1928.

literature

  • Ivo Banac: The national question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics. Cornell University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8014-9493-1 , pp. 318-326.
  • RJ Crampton: A short history of modern Bulgaria. CUP Archives, 1987, ISBN 0-521-27323-4 .
  • RJ Crampton: Bulgaria. Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-820514-2 , pp. 231-223.
  • Dimitris Livanios: The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949. Oxford University Press US, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-923768-5 .
  • Hugh Poulton: Who are the Macedonians? C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000, ISBN 1-85065-534-0 .
  • Joseph Rothschild: The Communist Party of Bulgaria; origins and development, 1883-1936. Columbia University Press, 1959.
  • Vanče Stojčev: Military history of Macedonia. Publishing house "General Mihailo Apostolski", 2004, ISBN 9989-134-05-7 , p. 293.
  • Stefan Troebst: The Macedonian Century: From the Beginnings of the National Revolutionary Movement to the Ohrid Agreement 1893-2001. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58050-1 , pp. 64-68.
  • Stefan Troebst: Mussolini, Macedonia and the Powers. 1987, ISBN 3-412-01786-8 .
  • Vladimir Wasov: Животописни бележки. Sofia, 1992, Army Publishing House “Св. Георги Победоносец “, ISBN 954-509-002-2 , p. 123.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Protogerov, Aleksandar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Aleksandar Protogerov (English transcription); Александър Протогеров (Bulgarian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bulgarian revolutionary, military
DATE OF BIRTH February 28, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Ohrid , now Macedonia
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1928
Place of death Sofia , Bulgaria