Ivan Garvanov
Ivan Georgiev Garwanow (also Ivan Georgiev Garwanov transcribed; Bulgarian Иван Георгиев Гарванов * 23. December 1869 in Stara Zagora in the Ottoman Empire , (now Bulgaria ); † 28. November 1907 in Sofia , Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian revolutionary and chairman of the Central Committee the BMARK ( Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committee / Български Македоно-Одрински революционни комитети , which was later renamed VMRO ) and founder ofSecret Bulgarian Brotherhood .
Life
Ivan Garvanov was born in the Thracian city of Stara Sagora, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire in 1869. He survived the suppression of the Stara-Sagora uprising of 1875 and the April uprising of 1876. His father died as a volunteer in the Russian army during the Russian-Ottoman "War of Liberation" in 1877/78 in the battle of Stara Sagora . After the liberation of Bulgaria , Ivan attended elementary school in his hometown before graduating from high school in Plovdiv in 1888 . Then he enrolled at the Sofia University , which opened its doors that same year. In Sofia he studied together with the later freedom fighter Dame Gruew , with whom he became friends. In 1892 Garwanow graduated from the university in the subjects of physics and mathematics and moved to Vienna for further studies .
He later returned to Bulgaria and in 1894 became a physics teacher in the Bulgarian boys' grammar school in the Ottoman city of Thessaloniki . Once there, Garwanow met Dame Gruew again in 1896, who had since co-founded the BMARK in October 1893. As a representative of evolutionism , Garwanow represented a far more conservative idea for the liberation of the Bulgarian areas that remained under Ottoman rule after the Berlin Congress (1878). In addition to his teaching activities, he was co-founder of the Bulgarian Secret Brotherhood (GBB), which represented this direction as a counterweight to the armed struggle of the BMAKR. As a survivor of two failed uprisings, Garvanov saw the risk of failure of a premature and poorly organized renewed uprising.
In order to prevent the power struggle from escalating, Garvanov was instrumental in the negotiations with Boris Sarafov for the integration of the GBB into the BMARK. After incorporation in early 1900 Garwanow became a member of the Serres Combat Group (Revolutionary Committee of Serres of the BMARK) and represented the moderate wing of the organization (also called "Garwanists"). In 1901 he was elected chairman of the central committee of the entire organization. As such he headed the Thessaloniki Congress of January 1903, which made the decision for the Ilinden uprising . After the Thessaloniki bombing in April of the same year, he was arrested by the Ottoman police and interned on the island of Rhodes . As a result, he was unable to take part in the Smilewo Congress and the uprising he had prepared.
In 1904 he was released through an amnesty and settled in Sofia, where he taught at the Second Sofia Boys' High School as a teacher. He was still active within the BMARK and supported Boris Sarafov against Jane Sandanski in the internal power struggles . Garvanov and Sarafov were supported by the faction around Chisto Manow and formed the so-called right wing of the organization.
At the organization's Rila Congress in 1905, Jane Sandanski accused Boris Sarafov of pro-Serbian acts and a dispute broke out between the two. Although Sandanski's supporters prevented the BMARK congress in 1905, Boris Sarafov was re-elected together with Ivan Garvanov and Christo Matow as foreign representatives in an extraordinary meeting of 23 delegates from the Revolutionary Areas on December 7th that year. The two opposing tendencies in the BMARK, the moderate under Ivan Garvanov and the liberal faction led by Sarafov, reached an agreement in early 1907 and ended their dispute. In the same year Sarafov helped the Armenian revolutionary Garegin Nschdeh to enter a Bulgarian officers' school.
The organization and dispatch of Cheetahs (militias) to Macedonia by the diplomatic mission of the BMARK in 1906 and 1907 met with strong opposition from the “Serres group” under the leadership of Sandanski. In the resolution of the Revolutionary Region of Serres published in November 1907, allegations against Garvanov and Sarafov also included allegations that they "together with the Bulgarian government initiated the indiscriminate intrusion of masses of Cheetahs into the interior"
On November 28, Ivan Garvanov and Boris Sarafov were shot dead by Todor Panica in his house . Panica was a close ally of Jane Sandanski and had shot Mikhail Daew , another political opponent of Sandanski within the BMARK, a month earlier , and took his place at the head of his revolutionary area. Christo Matow survived the attack because he was late for the meeting of the three.
As revenge for the murder of Sarafov and Garvanov, the leadership of the BMARK decided at the Kyustendil Congress in 1908 to murder Sandanski, which, however, only succeeded in 1915 after several unsuccessful attempts. Todor Panica was murdered on May 8, 1925 in the Vienna Burgtheater by Mentscha Karnitschewa, also as an act of revenge for treason and the murder of Sarafov and Garwanow. The murder was carried out on behalf of the chairman of the BMARK, Ivan Michajlow , by his wife Mecha.
swell
- Атанасов, Димитър: Войводи с пагони , Македония прес, Sofia, 2003, p. 153
- Енциклопедия Пирински край , Volume 1, Blagoevgrad, 1995.
- Цочо Билярски, Ива Бурилкова: Яне Сандански Спомени , Sofia, publishing house “Sineva”, 2007
- Истинскиятъ ликъ на Яни Сандански, убиецътъ на Борисъ Сарафовъ, Ив. Гарвановъ и Михаилъ Даевъ, Sofia, Publishing House П. Глушковъ, 1915.
- Boris Nikolow: Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893–1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник , Sofia, 2001,
Individual evidence
- ↑ Najdeh, Karekin, "Autobiography" - (Russian)
- ↑ freely translated from Bulgarian: "съвместно с българското правителство инспирираха безразборното нахлуване на масоъвитрешетива масоъвитрешетива"
- ↑ Blagov, Krum, "The 50 Greatest Attacks in Bulgarian History, 25. The Assassination of IMORO Representatives Abroad" (Bulgarian)
- ^ Theater: Mord im Burgtheater ( Memento from June 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) European Cultural News from January 4, 2010
- ↑ Macht der Bilder Deutschlandradio Kultur, April 23, 2009
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Garvanov, Ivan |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Garvanov, Ivan Georgiev; Garwanov, Ivan Georgiev; Гарванов, Иван Георгиев (Bulgarian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bulgarian revolutionary and politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 23, 1869 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Stara Sagora , Ottoman Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 28, 1907 |
| Place of death | Sofia , Bulgaria |