St. Peter (Zurich)
St. Peter in Zurich is one of the three old town churches that shape the silhouette of Zurich. It is located on a hill in the old town on the left bank near the Lindenhof , where the Roman settlement Turicum and the imperial Palatinate were located.
history
Today's baroque nave, consecrated in 1706, was the first church to be built in Zurich as a reformed church , but by no means the first church on this site: archaeologically proven is a 10 × 7 m church building from the 8th or 9th century. A document from 857 mentions the "curtis sancti Petri", a courtyard belonging to the church.
This small church was replaced by an early Romanesque church around 1000. A late Romanesque building followed around 1230, of which the choir and tower have been preserved. In 1360 Rudolf Brun , the first mayor of Zurich, was buried in this choir . A copy of the grave slab is on the north exterior. The nave was rebuilt around 1450 in the Gothic style.
During the Reformation , St. Peter's Church was of great importance as the parish church of Zurich. From 1522 Leo Jud , a close friend of Zwingli, was pastor of St. Peter for twenty years and known for his excellent sermons. He preached freely and without notes, so that there is no record of such. Jud's successor was Rudolf Gwalter , Ulrich Zwingli's son-in-law and successor to Heinrich Bullinger as Antistes of Zurich, who remained in office for 33 years. In 1555 the evicted Evangelicals of Locarnos were assigned to this church, and the Italian Bernardino Ochino was their pastor until 1563. In that year, the Zurich council banned them for heretical views.
The new nave, a baroque gallery hall, was completed in an astonishingly short time: the demolition of the old church began in June 1705 and the topping-out ceremony was celebrated in the same year before Christmas, according to documents from the parish with 153 pounds of beef and veal 165 liters of wine.
The next year, the baroque interior work with stucco work by Salomon Bürkli from Zurich and Franz Schmuzer (1676–1741) from Wessobrunn . On November 14, 1706, after a construction period of a good 17 months, the inauguration service took place, during which the deacon preached "for three hours in the sweat of his brow, according to the scriptures and for heartfelt edification" .
The church was restored from 1970 to 1975, with the facade painting from 1705 being restored.
owner
The Peterskirche was the oldest and for a long time the only parish church in the city of Zurich, the Grossmünster , the Fraumünster and the Predigerkirche all belonged to a monastery until the Reformation.
A special feature is that the tower and the nave have different owners. The tower belonged to the city-state of Zurich until 1798, and from 1803 the city of Zurich became the legal successor. The tower was mainly used for fire police tasks, and the first high-level watchman ( fire watch ) was used as early as 1340 , which existed until 1911. To this day, the tower is owned by the city; The nave, belfry and bells are the property of the parish of St. Peter, as is the extension of the staircase that leads to the tower entrance and the screed.
organ
The organ was built in 1974 by the organ building company Manufacture d'Orgues Muhleisen (Strasbourg). In 1997 a restoration was carried out by Wälti Orgelbau. The instrument has 52 stops on three manuals and a pedal .
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
tower
The tower is older than today's church and had its present shape around 1500. In pre and early Romanesque times the church was a towerless building. The first three-story tower was built at the beginning of the 13th century; the first floor with its Romanesque ribbed vault has been preserved in its original state. It was raised and a new tower helmet was put on around 1450. The helmet was last re-covered in 1996 with 42,000 shingles made of larch wood from the Engadine.
Today's five-storey tower can be viewed on guided tours. The floors include an exhibition on the history of the building, the bell floor with historical examples of bell technology, the clock room with the historic and today's tower clock, the bell room with five bells and the drive for the tower clock faces and finally the guard floor with the historic tower room of the fire guard.
Tower clock
The first clock with an hour hand was installed in 1366. The dial of the one-hand clock faced the Limmat , i. H. towards the city center, aligned and indicated the full hours. In the 15th century, the church prayer time was changed to the city time. Around 1460 the clockwork was changed from half-hour to quarter-hour strike. With the replacement of the clock in 1538, four mighty dials were attached to all four facades on the fourth floor of the tower. The tower clock was the only public clock in the city until the 18th century, when the Fraumünster was also equipped with a clock. That is why the prevailing opinion today is that the Böögg is lit at the Sechseläuten exactly when St. Peter shows six o'clock. From a historical point of view, this is of course incorrect, since according to the council resolution of March 11, 1525, the second largest bell in the Great Minster announced the closing time for the summer half-year at 6 a.m.
The clockwork on the third floor, manufactured by Hans Luterer in 1535 , transmitted the driving force to the hour hands through rods and wheels. This clockwork was replaced in 1593/94, and in 1675 the striking mechanism was converted into a pendulum clock by F. Bachofen in order to increase the accuracy. Until 1826, a watch judge had to wind the watch several times a day using a pulley system that lifted the weights. With the renewal of the dial in 1844, a new clockwork with a quarter-hour strike was installed by the watchmaker Johann Rudolf Frech from Zurich. The clockwork was electrified in 1873, the balance wheel was in the Haus zum Rüden . In 1972 the balance wheel was replaced by a fully automatic master clock in the clock room of the church tower. In 1996, the electrified mechanical clockwork from 1844 was replaced by a central computer system that controls the four pairs of hands directly on the axes.
The tower clock in St. Peter originally indicated Zurich's local time : all public clocks in the city had to be set according to it. The clock tower has a diameter of 8.64 meters above the largest tower clock face in Europe .
The current dial was designed in 1928 by the Swiss graphic artist Ernst Keller (1891–1968). The black rings are painted directly onto the masonry, the digits and the two golden circles are made of two millimeters thick, double-gold-plated copper sheet.
Bells
In the belfry is a five-part bells attached. It was cast by Jakob Keller in 1880. The full bell sounds at all church services and to ring in Sunday on Saturday evening at 7:01 p.m. Sunday is rung with the biggest bell at 7:01 p.m. During the prayer times at 7:01 a.m. and 7:01 p.m., the prayer time bell rings on weekdays . Lunch at 11:01 and Vorläuten for Sunday worship at 8:55 and 9:25 heard the call and Elfuhrglocke .
| number | Weight | volume | Surname | inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6,203 kg | as 0 | Death knell | Glory to God in the heights. |
| 2 | 2,573 kg | c 1 | Call and Elfuhr bell | Peace on Earth. |
| 3 | 1'445 kg | it 1 | Bedtime bell | Pray and work. |
| 4th | 582 kg | as 1 | Storm bell | Christ the same yesterday and today and forever. |
| 5 | 312 kg | c 2 | Baptismal bell | God is love. |
Pastor
- Leo Jud (1482–1542), was pastor from 1523 to 1542.
- Rudolf Gwalter (1519–1586), was pastor from 1542 to 1575.
- Bernardino Ochino (1487–1564), was pastor of the Italian-speaking community 1555–1563 and was then banished for heretical views.
- Stefan Gabriel (1570–1638), was pastor from 1620 to 1622.
- Johann Jakob Irminger (1585–1649) was a deacon, pastor and dean from 1618 to 1645.
- Johann Caspar Lavater (1741–1801), a well-known representative of physiognomics and a friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , was pastor of St. Peter from 1786 to 1801. His gravestone is on the north wall of the church.
- Heinrich Hirzel (1818–1871), known as Hirzel's helper .
- Heinrich Lang (1826–1876), as an important representative of theological liberalism , was a helper and then a pastor between 1871 and 1876.
- Konrad Furrer (1838–1908), was a Palestine explorer and from 1876 to 1908 pastor of St. Peter.
See also
literature
- Peter Ziegler: St. Peter in Zurich. From the origins to today's parish. NZZ, Zurich 2006, ISBN 978-3-03823-208-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rudolf Pfister : For the sake of faith. The Protestant refugees from Locarno and their admission to Zurich in 1555. Evangelischer Verlag, Zollikon 1955, pages 126-131
- ↑ a b c d e parish of St. Peter: church tower and clockwork , accessed on October 2, 2010
- ↑ More information about the organ , as seen on July 15, 2013.
- ↑ Opening times, visits and guided tours - details on the tower tour on the website of the Reformed Church of St. Peter
- ↑ The builder was master Konrad von Kloten, cf. Brigitte Zehmisch: St. Peter in Zurich . Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Basel 1976. ( Swiss Art Guide, [210]), page 4.
- ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon Vol. III Sp. 1511, Article Sëchsilǖte n ; Walter Baumann, Alphonse Niesper: Sechseläuten. Zurich 1976, p. 17.
- ↑ Tages-Anzeiger , November 11, 2014, page 22
- ↑ Bells on YouTube. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
Coordinates: 47 ° 22 '16 " N , 8 ° 32' 27" E ; CH1903: 683,248 / 247281