Reims Jewish Community
The Jewish Community of Reims is located in the city of Reims in the Marne department in the French region of Grand Est .
history
Jews have been traceable in Reims since the 11th century . They lived on rue de la Juiverie , now rue des Élus . The synagogue, located at number three (or number 18) on the same street, was in use until 1305.
In the Middle Ages , the Jewish cemetery was in the Dieu-Lumière district , at the crossroads of the roads to Châlons-en-Champagne and Cernay . The Jews in Reims were expelled in the course of the 14th century and were no longer allowed to settle in the city until the French Revolution , which brought them emancipation in 1791 and gave them the rights as citoyen .
At the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, several Jewish families were again living in Reims. But only after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 did a large number of Jews immigrate from Alsace and the Moselle area of Lorraine , because these areas were annexed by the German Empire and now administered as the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine .
The community belonged to the Consistoire Paris from 1808 to 1871 and from September 12, 1872 (new division of the Consistoire ) to the Consistoire Lille . Reims 1875 received his first Rabbi , in a house of prayer in the number 7, rue des Capucins, the service prevented. The Jewish community now numbered almost 650 members, which is why a synagogue was built in Reims , which was inaugurated in 1879.
National Socialist Persecution
During the Second World War the synagogue was desecrated by the German troops and a large part of the Jewish community was deported and murdered in 1942 . There is a plaque on the facade of the synagogue commemorating the 226 murdered members of the Jewish community.
It was not until the immigration of Egyptian and North African Jews in the 1970s that the number of Jewish community members reached old highs again and has since declined continuously.
literature
- Henry Schumann: Mémoire des communautés juives de Champagne-Ardenne . Bar-le-Duc 2005, ISBN 2-9524750-0-8 .
- Augustin Brau u. a .: Histoire d'une communauté juive de France. Les juifs de Reims et leur synagogue . Collection Histoire des Religions, n ° 3, 2008, ISBN 978-2-9528131-2-9 . [not evaluated]
