Santa Maria Val Mustair

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Santa Maria Val Mustair
Coat of arms of Santa Maria Val Müstair
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : canton of Grisonscanton of Grisons Graubünden (GR)
Region : Engiadina Bassa / Val Müstair
Political community : Val Müstairi2
Postal code : 7536
former BFS no. : 3844
Coordinates : 828 762  /  165 541 coordinates: 46 ° 36 '7 "  N , 10 ° 25' 30"  O ; CH1903:  828,762  /  one hundred and sixty-five thousand five hundred and forty-one
Height : 1375  m above sea level M.
Area : 41.60  km²
Residents: 346 (December 31, 2007)
Population density : 8 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.cdvm.ch
Santa Maria Val Mustair

Santa Maria Val Mustair

map
Map of Santa Maria Val Müstair
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Santa Maria Val Müstair ( [ˌsantɐˌmariɐ̯ ˌvalmyˈʃtaɪ̯r] ? / I ; officially called Santa Maria im Münstertal until 1995 ) was a political municipality in the Val Müstair district in the Inn district of the Swiss canton of Graubünden until December 31, 2008 . Audio file / audio sample

On January 1, 2009, Santa Maria Val Müstair merged with the other Swiss municipalities in the valley ( Fuldera , Lü , Müstair , Tschierv and Valchava ) to form the municipality of Val Müstair .

geography

Aerial photo (1954)

The street village is in the Münstertal at 1375  m above sea level. M. at the exit of the Val Muraunza valley . The Muranzina, which comes from the valley, flows through the village before flowing into the Rambach . The main road 28 runs through Santa Maria and leads over the Ofen Pass to Zernez in the Lower Engadine and to the state border at Taufers in the Münstertal . In the village the Umbrailpassstrasse branches off from the main road , which leads to Bormio in Valtellina .

Before the merger, Santa Maria was the southernmost parish of the now disbanded Inn district. The municipality bordered in the north-west on Valchava and in the north-east and south-west on Müstair . On Lü they bordered only on the Piz Terza . In the north it bordered at around 280 meters on the South Tyrolean municipality of Taufers and in the south on 11.1 kilometers on Stilfs , also South Tyrol, as well as Bormio and Valdidentro in the Valtellina.

The highest point of the former municipality is the Piz Umbrail at 3,032  m above sea level. M. The fractions Sielva , Pizzet , Pütschai , Craistas and Büglios also belonged to the former municipality.

Climate table

Santa Maria Val Müstair, 1981-2010
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
32
 
1
-6
 
 
28
 
3
-6
 
 
40
 
7th
-3
 
 
58
 
10
1
 
 
78
 
16
5
 
 
90
 
19th
8th
 
 
108
 
22nd
10
 
 
103
 
20th
10
 
 
76
 
16
7th
 
 
80
 
11
3
 
 
72
 
5
-2
 
 
46
 
1
-5
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source:
Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Santa Maria Val Müstair, 1981–2010
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 0.7 3.0 6.8 10.4 15.6 19.2 21.5 20.4 16.1 11.2 4.6 0.7 O 10.9
Min. Temperature (° C) −6.1 −6.1 -2.9 0.6 5.1 7.9 10.1 9.8 6.7 3.0 -1.9 −5.2 O 1.8
Temperature (° C) −2.8 -2.1 1.3 5.1 10.1 13.5 15.5 14.7 10.8 6.4 0.9 -2.5 O 6th
Precipitation ( mm ) 32 28 40 58 78 90 108 103 76 80 72 46 Σ 811
Rainy days ( d ) 5.4 5.1 6.1 7.8 9.6 10.3 11.1 10.8 7.7 8.1 7.5 6.7 Σ 96.2
Humidity ( % ) 65 63 64 65 66 64 65 71 73 75 71 69 O 67.6
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
0.7
−6.1
3.0
−6.1
6.8
-2.9
10.4
0.6
15.6
5.1
19.2
7.9
21.5
10.1
20.4
9.8
16.1
6.7
11.2
3.0
4.6
-1.9
0.7
−5.2
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		32
28
40
58
78
90
108
103
76
80
72
46
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source:

Since the beginning of the measurement (1931) in November there has never been as much snow in Santa Maria at 71 centimeters as it was in 2019. The old record of 65 centimeters came from 1959.

population

Population development
year 1850 1900 1950 2000 2007
Residents 437 385 420 327 346

In 1850 Santa Maria still had 437 inhabitants. Since then the number of inhabitants has decreased more or less steadily to the current level of 348.

languages

The local language is the Jauer , a Romansh dialect. But the community already had a German-speaking minority in the late 19th century. Nevertheless, the community has remained predominantly Romansh to this day. However, the majority has shifted. Romansh was 81% in 1880, 63% in 1910 and 74% in 1941 as their mother tongue. Between 1910 and 1970 the proportion of Romansh speakers increased steadily. In 1970, 81% of the population gave Romansh as their colloquial language. Thereafter, the proportion of the German-speaking minority grew markedly until 1990 (from 18% to 29%). Since then, the language situation has stabilized. This is also shown in the following table.

Languages ​​in Sta. Maria
languages 1980 census 1990 census 2000 census
number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of
German 78 20.31% 106 28.73% 83 25.38%
Romansh 295 76.82% 259 70.19% 228 69.72%
Italian 5 1.30% 3 0.81% 2 0.61%
Residents 384 100% 369 100% 327 100%

The community meetings are held in Romansh and official publications are also in Romansh. In 1990 83% and in 2000 82% were able to communicate in Romansh.

Religions - denominations

With 54% the Protestants form a small majority compared to the 41% of the Catholics . The Reformation was introduced early, between 1526 and 1530. But only a part of the residents joined the new teaching. This created an almost equal parish.

Origin and nationality

Of the 354 residents at the end of 2005, 330 were Swiss nationals.

health

Health care in Val Müstair is provided by the Ospidal Val Müstair in Santa Maria. With 85 employees and four doctors, the hospital is the second smallest Swiss hospital (after Promontogno in Bergell ), but the largest employer in the valley. It serves as an acute hospital for outpatient interventions, a nursing home, general practitioner practice and the headquarters of the emergency services.

economy

Smallest bar in the world

Tourism is an important source of income for the place. Since December 8, 2006 in Sta. Maria also the smallest bar in the world ( Guinness World Record ) with the name "Smallest Whiskey Bar on earth", it replaced a bar in Colorado Springs / USA. The bar offers over 200 international whiskey varieties on just 8.53 m², and a whiskey museum has been added. Whiskeys have been produced under its own label since 2007.

The Tessanda hand- weaving mill is an important training company and cultural institution at the same time .

history

After Charlemagne escaped a terrible storm with divine help, legend has it that he laid the foundation stone for the community in 801 with the construction of a chapel.

The community of Santa Maria is first mentioned in documents in 1167/70 as Capellam sancte Maria in Silvaplana . It was a chapel . Little by little, the village was built around the chapel.

Some data:

  • In June 1499 the village was destroyed by imperial Habsburg troops.
  • In 1526 and 1530 the Reformation was introduced into the community.
  • In 1630 the plague claimed 460 deaths.
  • On April 27, 1764, the outer part of the village was completely destroyed by arson.
  • Umbrailstrasse was built in 1898–1901. With its completion, tourism began.
  • During the First World War , the Umbrail and its surroundings were used by the Swiss Army to monitor the Austro-Italian front line .
  • In the summer of 2003, several houses in the village center were destroyed in a major fire.

Art and culture

On the Umbrailpass you can walk a 30 km long military-historical hiking trail. It leads the visitor to various positions from the time of the First World War . Numerous information boards explain both the military installations and the incidents on and next to the front. In the middle of the village, a museum on the history of the border occupation 1914/18 was set up in the youth hostel building (Chasa Plaz).

Personalities

  • Not Bott (born May 14, 1927 in Valchava, † November 24, 1998 in Poschiavo), wood sculptor. Art in construction and space design
  • Dario Cologna (born March 11, 1986) cross-country skier and Olympic champion

Attractions

  • The reformed village church is a listed building.
  • Hotel Ritterhaus Chasa Capol, originally the priory of the monastery, today's appearance after extensions and renovations in the 16th and 17th centuries
  • Hotel Crusch Alba, pine paneling around 1780
  • House Ritter, today's appearance after renovations in the 17th century
  • Historic Mill Mall, named after the last miller family; two-wheeled flour mill with pestle from the 15th century - the only mill with classic screwdriver wheels in Switzerland.

literature

  • Paul Eugen Grimm: Santa Maria Val Müstair. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Erwin Poeschel : The art monuments of the canton of Graubünden III. The valley communities Räzünser Boden, Domleschg, Heinzenberg, Oberhalbstein, Upper and Lower Engadine. (= Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 11). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1940. DNB 760079625 .
  • Anna Tuor-Mall, Gion Anton Tuor: Yes, back then ... The simple life in Münstertal 100 years ago. Family biographical stories. Edited by the Biblioteca Jaura. Valchava 2018.

Web links

Commons : Santa Maria Val Müstair  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Climate table. In: meteoschweiz.admin.ch. meteoschweiz, accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Arrival of winter - snow record in the Münstertal. In: srf.ch . November 17, 2019, accessed November 18, 2019 .
  3. ^ Rebekka Haefeli: The Dwarf Hospital in the Far East , in: Neue Zürcher Zeitung of February 25, 2012, p. 17
  4. ↑ smallestwhiskybaronearth.com: Smallest Whiskey Bar on earth , accessed May 26, 2011
  5. ↑ stelvio-umbrail.ch: Stelvio-Umbrail 14/18- Walking into history with us , accessed on May 26, 2011
  6. ↑ Not Bott. In: Sikart
  7. ↑ Hotel Ritterhaus Chasa Capol
  8. ^ Hotel Crusch Alba
  9. ^ House of Knights