Lavin

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Lavin
Lavin Coat of Arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : canton of Grisonscanton of Grisons Graubünden (GR)
Region : Engiadina Bassa / Val Müstair
Political community : Zernezi2
Postal code : 7543
former BFS no. : 3743
Coordinates : 803 256  /  182946 coordinates: 46 ° 46 '0 "  N , 10 ° 6' 0"  O ; CH1903:  803,256  /  182946
Height : 1412  m above sea level M.
Area : 46.26  km²
Residents: 226 (December 31, 2013)
Population density : 5 inhabitants per km²
Website: www.lavin.ch
Lavin

Lavin

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Lavin (Switzerland)
Lavin
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Lavin ( [lɐˈvin] ? / I ) is a village in the municipality of Zernez , which is in the Sur Tasna district in the Inn district of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland . Audio file / audio sample

Until December 31, 2014 Lavin was an independent political municipality . On January 1, 2015, it was merged with the municipality of Susch to form the municipality of Zernez . Lavin is a rural parish of Sur Tasna County.

coat of arms

Blazon : A silver (white) tip in black covered with an upright black, red-armed ibex

After the municipal stamp, the motifs of which have been simplified for inclusion in the coat of arms.

geography

Parish before the merger on January 1, 2015
Historical aerial photo by Werner Friedli from September 2, 1947

The place is on a gravel terrace around 40 m on the left side above the Inn at the mouth of the Val Lavinuoz , which is drained by the Lavinuoz , at the southeast foot of the Piz Linard (3411 m). Of the entire former municipal area of ​​over 46 km², 2827 hectares are unproductive areas, mostly mountains. Another 917 hectares can be used for agriculture, but are mostly alpine pastures. In addition to 29 hectares of settlement area, the former municipal area comprises 845 hectares that are covered by forest or wood.

population

languages

There was a small German-speaking minority as early as the 19th century. Nevertheless, to this day, the vast majority of residents use the Graubünden Romanesque dialect Vallader as their everyday language. Between 1880 and 1941, the Romansh-speaking proportion of the population remained unchanged (83% in 1880, 83% in 1941). In the last few decades this has only fallen by a few percentage points. The municipality and school support Romansh, which is understood by 91% of the population in 1990 and 86% in 2000. The table below shows the development over the past decades:

Languages ​​in Lavin
languages 1980 census 1990 census 2000 census
number proportion of number proportion of number proportion of
German 33 18.13% 38 20.65% 40 22.99%
Romansh 147 80.77% 145 78.80% 132 75.86%
Residents 182 100% 184 100% 174 100%

Religions and denominations

As early as 1529, under the influence of the Bündner reformer Philipp Gallicius, the townspeople switched to Protestant teaching.

Origin and nationality

Of the 220 residents at the end of 2010, 197 were Swiss citizens.

politics

The former municipal council consisted of five people. The mayor was Linard Martinelli until 2015.

economy

Hotel Piz Linard

In the past, the population lived from cattle breeding, grain cultivation, timber export and from military service. Agriculture is still important today, but a majority of the population works in craft and service occupations. Two hotels and some holiday apartments serve gentle, sustainable tourism with a focus on cycling, hiking and cross-country skiing.

traffic

Lavin station in 1913

Lavin is located on the Scuol-Tarasp - Pontresina and Chur - Scuol-Tarasp railway lines of the Rhaetian Railway and on the main road 27 from the Engadin to the state border and on to Landeck in Tyrol .

history

At Las Muottas on the south side of the Inn, Hans Conrad found a settlement in 1938/39 where ceramic fragments and other finds from the Middle Bronze Age were brought to light. So the area was inhabited early on. The abandoned village of Gonda was first mentioned in 1160, the current former municipality was also mentioned in the 12th century with the name Lawinis. Lavin only became a closed village in the 13th or 14th century, until 1325 it was part of a church after Ardez. Afterwards it was looked after by the church together with the neighboring village of Susch and has been its own parish since 1422. The former municipality was destroyed by Austrian troops in 1499 and also in 1621/1622 during the Bündner turmoil . 1480–1500 the church of San Güerg was built with important late Gothic paintings, which were painted over in 1529 and only exposed again in 1955–1956 during a renovation.

1529 Lavin and the neighboring town of Guarda took under the action of the Reformer Philipp Gallicius the Reformation on. In 1652 the place bought itself out of the Austrian rule. Until 1851 Lavin belonged to the judicial parish of Untertasna and was also a rural parish of the district. The residents lived from cattle farming, growing grain, exporting wood and doing military service. At Lavinuozbach, businesses and smelting plants for the copper ores extracted in the 18th century were built.

In 1869 68 houses burned down in a village fire; at that time the village had around 300 residents who were left homeless. Today's village image is characterized by the only partial reconstruction in a new, spacious construction with flat roofs. In 1900 there were still 242 people living in Lavin. In 1913 the village received an RhB station. After the Second World War, the population continued to decrease until 155 people lived there in 1970, since then a slight increase has been recorded. In 1971 a bypass road was built. In 1999 the Vereina railway tunnel was opened, the south portal of which with a car loading station is located on Laviner Boden. In the year 2000 Lavin had 174 inhabitants, a good half of the employed people worked in the 3rd sector.

The village fire of 1869

At 2:30 p.m. on October 1, 1869, a fire broke out in Lureng Bisatz's house; today the famous Giacometti bakery is located here. The cause was a defective telegraph. Nourished by the strong wind, the entire part of the village north of the Lavinuoz brook caught fire within an hour. Only the church and two neighboring houses were spared.

Many men were then at the cattle show in Samedan ; and the inadequately equipped fire brigade was unable to contain the fire in the houses with easily flammable wooden shingle roofs in the nested structure of the village from the 17th and 18th centuries. 68 houses burned down completely, three elderly residents perished in the fire; around 300 people were left homeless. The damage amounted to around 700,000 francs, a subsequent collection yielded 67,207 Swiss francs.

On March 20, 1870, the community assembly adopted the third draft of a reconstruction plan. Instead of the 68 burned down houses - mainly by Italian workers from Lombardy - only about half were to be rebuilt in the Italian style. The canton's new building regulations determined the spacious appearance of the new part of the village today. District engineer Rudolf von Albertini and Nicolaus Hartmann worked out the design plan. Street widths of 4.5 to 5 meters, a minimum building distance of 6.2 meters and regulations on fire walls, chimneys and roofs should prevent future village fires. The Italian architect Giovanni Sottovia designed the parish hall and another building.

During the Second World War , the village became a fortress with the construction of the Lavin barrier .

For the first time in the canton of Graubünden, flat “wood cement roofs” were built in Lavin, which require around ten times less wood than the pitched roofs covered with wooden shingles.

Attractions

  • The Laviner village church , spared from the fire, dates from the late Gothic and houses frescoes from the late Gothic and early Renaissance periods.
  • Plazza gronda.
  • Old school and community building
  • On the way to Guarda are the ruins of Gonda .
and display information about the image
Panorama picture, starting at the village church on the left until you reach the RhB train station on the right

Culture

In the tradition of the nicknames of the Engadine villages , the inhabitants are called Lavins ils stranglavachas (German: “die Kuhwürger”).

Personalities

Others

The Macun Lake District in the Lavin municipality is part of the Swiss National Park .

literature

  • Erwin Poeschel : The art monuments of the canton of Graubünden III. The valley communities Räzünser Boden, Domleschg, Heinzenberg, Oberhalbstein, Upper and Lower Engadine. (= Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 11). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1940. DNB 760079625 .
  • The municipalities of the canton of Graubünden. Rüegger, Chur / Zurich 2003, ISBN 3-7253-0741-5 .
  • Jürg Wirth: Introducing a holiday resort: Lavin. Gammeter, St. Moritz and Scuol 2014

Web links

Commons : Lavin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Jürg Wirth: Introducing a holiday resort: Lavin. Gammeter, St. Moritz and Scuol 2014
  2. ^ Paul Eugen Grimm: Lavin. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  3. ↑ History Lavin ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lavin.ch
  4. ↑ Plazza gronda
  5. ↑ Old school and community center