Philipp Gallicius

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Philipp Gallicius (born February 4, 1504 in Puntweil near Müstair ; † June 7, 1566 in Chur ; also Philipp Saluz ) was an Evangelical Reformed theologian, hymn poet, reformer of the Engadine and, with his translations of parts of the Bible and confessions, pioneer and co-founder of Vallader , the then new Lower Engadine written language.

Life

Philipp Gallicius was born to parents Johann Adam Saluz von Ardez and Uorschla Gallicius-Champell von Chamues-ch in Puntweil, which lies between Taufers and Müstair in the Val Müstair . His father was a blacksmith and he took his surname from his mother, which was not unusual at the time. He was taught and encouraged by his relative, the Dean Bursella. He received his education from the Benedictines in Marienberg . With whom he learned Greek and Hebrew remains uncertain.

After studying at the University of Ingolstadt , he became a chaplain in La Punt-Chamues-ch in 1524 . Protected by the pastor Johannes Comander in Chur, he preached against the Catholic scholastic doctrine. Thereupon he got problems with the local priest and dean of the Engadine. In 1526 he was banished for heresy , after he had expressed his Reformation at the Ilanz Disputation . He continued his struggle for more free preaching. His marriage led to another expulsion on March 15, 1526.

With hardship and suffering, he continued his work as far as the Engadine . In 1529 he introduced the Reformation in the Lower Engadine villages of Lavin and Guarda and worked in Langwies , Scharans and Chur. He was a Latin teacher at the St. Nikolai School. In 1536 he translated important biblical and confessional texts such as the Our Father's prayer, the Apostolicum , the Ten Commandments and some psalms into the language typical of the country, making him one of the founders of the Romansh written language. Ulrich Zwingli's defeat and death stopped the course of the Reformation in Switzerland, but in 1537 there was also a breakthrough in Graubünden.

In 1537 there were arguments for seven days at the religious discussion in Susch , until the judge's verdict was in favor of Gallicius. From now on he was able to carry the Reformation proclamation to the last places. In 1544 he also took an active part in the second Suscher disputation. In 1550 Gallicius was appointed to the Regulakirche in Chur. From here he took care of the entire church in Graubünden. He was in correspondence with Heinrich Bullinger and Johannes Calvin . Pier Paolo Vergerio , Camillo Renato and the Italian religious refugees in Chiavenna caused him grief because some of them followed Unitarian and Anabaptist beliefs. From 1552 to 1553 he wrote the Confessio Rhaetica with Johannes Comander , which they gave up in 1566 after the Confessio Helvetica posterior was adopted . In 1555 he temporarily took in the Protestant refugees from Locarno under the leadership of the reformer Giovanni Beccaria in Chur, who were on their way to Zurich.

Since he had long tried to raise the Rhaeto-Romanic idiom to the written language, he arranged for a Bible translation. One of his students was Ulrich Campell , who translated the Psalms into Vallader, into the new Lower Engadine written language, and thus established it as a written language. Gallicius wrote the foreword to these Psalms, which appeared in 1560, and also to the New Testament , which Jachiam Tütschett Bifrun had translated into Puter , the newly developed Upper Engadin written language, in 1562 .

Philipp Gallicius died of the plague in Chur on July 7, 1566, and shortly afterwards his wife and five sons also died of the plague in this city.

Works

  • Confessio Rhaetica . Chur 1553

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jan-Andrea Bernhard: Letters to Heinrich Bullinger with a view to the origin, composition and reception of the »Confessio Raetica« (1552/53) , Zwingliana 40, Zurich 2013, pp. 37–71, ISSN  0254-4407
  2. ↑ Rudolf Pfister : For the sake of faith. The Protestant refugees from Locarno and their admission to Zurich in 1555. Evangelischer Verlag, Zollikon 1955, p. 121.
  3. ↑ Erich Wenneker: Heinrich Bullinger and the Reformation in the Engadine , Bündner monthly newspaper, magazine for Bündner history, regional studies and building culture, issue 4, Chur 2004
  4. ^ Martin Bundi: Gallicius, Philipp. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  5. ↑ Conradin Bonorand: The Engadiner Reformatoren Philipp Gallicius, Jachiam Tütschett Bifrun, Durich Chiampell - Requirements and possibilities of their work from the perspective of the Reformation in general , Evangelical Church Council Graubünden, Chur 1987
  6. ↑ http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs2/object/display/bsb10063366_00001.html
personal data
SURNAME Gallicius, Philipp
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Saluz, Philipp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Evangelical Reformed theologian, hymn poet and reformer in Graubünden
DATE OF BIRTH February 4, 1504
PLACE OF BIRTH Puntweil near Müstair
DATE OF DEATH June 7, 1566
Place of death Chur