Marienberg

Basic data
State :	Saxony
County :	Erzgebirgskreis
Height :	620 m above sea level NHN
Area :	133.5 km 2
Residents:	16,906 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	127 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	09496
Primaries :	03735, 037364 (Kühnhaide, Reitzenhain, statutes), 037366 (Rübenau), 037363 (Zöblitz, Sprung, Sorgau, Grundau)
License plate :	ERZ, ANA, ASZ, AU, MAB, MEK, STL, SZB, ZP
Community key :	14 5 21 390
LOCODE :	DE MRI
Large district town structure:	17 districts
Address of the ; large district town administration:	Markt 1 ; 09496 Marienberg
Website :	www.marienberg.de
Lord Mayor :	André Heinrich (independent)
Location of the large district town Marienberg in the Erzgebirge district

Marienberg is a large district town in the Saxon Erzgebirgskreis southeast of Chemnitz .

geography

Geographical location

The mountain town of Marienberg is located in the Middle Ore Mountains on a plateau north of the wooded Ore Mountains ridge. With 133.5 km² Marienberg including its districts is the largest municipality in terms of area in the district. The historic town center of the mountain town of Marienberg is a listed entity because of its valuable urban ensemble and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Erzgebirge / Krušnohoří mining region since 2019 . The historic city center is laid out at right angles based on the Italian Renaissance . A right-angled road network leads to all sides from the one-hectare square market square. It is a symmetrical urban complex, the earliest such layout solution north of the Alps. On April 27, 1521, Duke Heinrich had the founding deed for the construction of the new mining town drawn up and named it Marienberg with the wish that the town would grow, flourish and prosper under the protection of Mother Mary . Today's municipal area with its districts extends over several valleys with tributaries of the Flöha . The city has a difference in altitude of almost 440 m. The lowest point is in the valley of the Schwarzen Pockau at 460 m above sea level. NN . The highest point is 899.4 m above sea level. NN south of the statute on the border with the Czech Republic on the northern slope of the Jelení hora (Haßberg) . The highest mountain in the municipality is 891 m above sea level. NN the Hirtstein north of statute .

Neighboring communities

Selva	Pockau-Lengefeld
Großrückerswalde		Olbernhau
Mildenau	Jöhstadt	Hora Svatého Šebestiána (Sankt Sebastianberg), Kalek (Kallich)

City structure

history

View along Zschopauer Strasse to the St. Marien town church

Duke Heinrich monument market square Marienberg

Plan illustrating the regular town plan (around 1730)

Sletyn was first mentioned in a document in 1323 . Already in 1484 the place was called by the desert Sletten . After 1519, miners settled in what is now the Wüstenschlette part of the municipality . On July 17, 1519, Clemens Schiffel made the first silver finds in the Schlettenbach valley. On May 11 of the following year he was awarded the “St. Fabian Sebastian with the Erbstolln ”. As a result, further mining developments began in the area and caused a large influx of miners.

This circumstance prompted Duke Heinrich the Pious to found the mining town of Marienberg in 1521. The city plan was designed by Ulrich Rülein von Calw . On December 19, 1523 the town and mining rights were granted, in 1525 the town received its own mining authority . A Latin school is mentioned from 1530. With the Reformation in 1536/1537 Marienberg became an independent parish . Mining flourished in 1540. From 1541 to 1566 the city wall was built. In 1555 there were over 1000 mines in the Marienberger Revier. The late Gothic hall church of St. Marien was built from 1558 to 1564.

St. Mary's Church

On August 31, 1610, there was a devastating fire in the city, which destroyed almost all 550 houses. After the end of silver mining, copper and tin mining began in 1612. From 1696 the town was occupied by soldiers and from 1753 to 1858 it was a garrison town for the cavalry. As a result of a lazy fever epidemic, an orphanage was founded in 1772, which was expanded to include a free school in 1805. To improve the nutritional situation of the miners, a mine warehouse was built on the advice of Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra from 1806 to 1809 . In 1813 Marienberg became a stopover for the armies allied against Napoleon. In 1821 the Gelobtland district was created as a forest workers' settlement. In 1835 the dilapidated city wall was torn down except for the Zschopauer Tor and the Red Tower . In 1842 Marienberg became the seat of the church district. In 1847 the mining office was dissolved, and in the same year a “kindergarten” was opened in the presence of Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel . Until 1856 Marienberg belonged to the office of Wolkenstein . From 1858 to 1873 Marienberg was a garrison town for the infantry.

The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1862. From 1873 to 1920 there was a non-commissioned officer school and pre-school in Marienberg, and from 1874 construction of the barracks began. In the same year the construction of a gas works and the installation of gas lamps began. In 1875 Marienberg was connected to the railway network with the construction of the Flöhatalbahn . In 1882 the volunteer fire brigade was founded in Gelobtland. The municipal hospital was opened in 1889. A waterworks was built in 1891/1892. The central school (now grammar school) was inaugurated in 1893. In 1899 the last mine was closed with the Rudolf shaft. In 1910 a power station was built, and in 1913 Marienberg was connected to the central electricity supply. In 1914 the church, the Red Tower and the Zschopauer Tor were placed under monument protection by a local statute. In 1917 the building of the district court was inaugurated. A ski jump was inaugurated on Galgenberg in 1927. A secondary school with a Progymnasium was founded in 1918 and was housed in the barracks until 1940. With the construction of twelve semi-detached houses from 1933 to 1937, the Mooshaide district was created.

Between 1924 and 1937 the Marienberg triangle race took place a total of ten times . This 17 km long motorcycle race led from Marienberg via the Heinzebank and Wolkenstein back to Marienberg. The Marienberger Dreieck was the fastest road racing track in Germany at that time and served as the venue for the German motorcycle road championship .

Towards the end of the Second World War, 154 were concentration camp inmates of the satellite camp will in Tröglitz / Rehmsdorf of the Buchenwald concentration camp on a death march by SS men murdered. They had fled from the transport trains at the Gelobtland and Reitzenhain railway stations to the surrounding forests between April 15 and 17, 1945 during low-flying attacks and were picked up again.

Due to the railway accident in Hüttengrund , in which 18 Red Army soldiers lost their lives, four German Reichsbahner were executed by the Soviet military tribunal in 1945 .

From 1874 to 1939, Marienberg was the seat of the administrative governing body of the same name , from which the Marienberg district emerged in 1939 . This went in 1994 in the Middle Erzgebirgskreis and in 2008, with Marienberg losing the function of the district town, in the Erzgebirgskreis .

Incorporations

With the incorporation of Zöblitz on December 31, 2012 as the last incorporation into the city of Marienberg, the city is one of the largest cities in the Free State of Saxony. The city of Marienberg is the largest city in terms of area in the Erzgebirge district.

Population development

The population figures from 1982 onwards refer to December 31 of the previous year with the territorial status January 2007:

until 1834	1982 to 1988	1989 to 1995	1996 to 2002	from 2003
1530 - 0250 houses ¹ 1542 - 0484 houses ¹ 1697 - 2,500 (348 inhabited houses) ¹ 1776 - 1,500 (270 inhabited houses) ¹ 1815 - 3,387 ¹ 1834 - 3,684 (443 houses) ¹	1982 - 17,505 1983 - 17,575 1984-17,549 1985-17,494 1986 - 17,324 1987-17,298 1988 - 17,150	1989 - 17,221 1990 - 16,975 1991 - 16,689 1992 - 16,474 1993 - 16,291 1994 - 16.058 1995 - 15,865	1996 - 15,861 1997 - 15,799 1998 - 15,670 1999 - 15,478 2000 - 15,197 2001 - 14,982 2002 - 14,722	2003 - 14,553 2004 - 14,346 2005 - 14,187 2006 - 14.005 2007 - 13,766 2009 - 13,367 2012 - 17,716 2013 - 17,505 2017 - 17,140

On May 9, 2011, a total of 6,200 inhabitants lived in the actual city area.

¹ : Albert Schiffner : Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony. Volume 1. Leipzig 1839.

Source from 1982: State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony

politics

Local elections 2019

Turnout: 62.5% (2014: 50.1%)

%

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

18.6%
(-29.1 % p )

9.2%
(-7.8 % p )

5.3%
(-3.2 % p )

5.3%
(+1.3 % p )

9.0%
( n.k. )

n. k.
(-11.6 % p )

n. k.
(-3.4 % p )

19.3%
(+ 11.5 % p )

33.4%
( n.k. )

EZV A.-S.

BfM

2014

2019

A total of 26 seats

Left : 2
SPD : 1
Greens : 1
FWG : 5
Citizens for Marienberg : 10
CDU : 5th
AfD : 2

City council

The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to a result that is shown in the diagram opposite. This led to the following composition of the city council (with comparative figures from 2014):

Political party	CDU	LEFT	FDP	FWG	SPD	GREEN	BfM	AfD	total
Seats 2019	5	2	0	5	1	1	10	2	26th
Seats 2014	14th	4th	3	2	2	1	-	-	26th

In March 2018 9 of the 14 members left the CDU parliamentary group and founded a new parliamentary group called Bürger für Marienberg (BfM) .

The town hall of the city of Marienberg

mayor

1983–1990: Karl-Heinz Binus (CDU)
1990 - February 9, 1992: Birgit Walther (CDU)
February 10, 1992–2015: Thomas Wittig (CDU)
since 2015: André Heinrich. He was elected in the second ballot in June 2015.

Town twinning

Marienberg maintains partnerships with Lingen (Ems) in Lower Saxony , Bad Marienberg in Rhineland-Palatinate of the same name , Czech Most and Hungarian Dorog . Since November 1, 2004, the city has been a member of the Erzgebirge Regional Management, a regional initiative of the Erzgebirgskreis and ten other municipalities in the Erzgebirge .

Culture and sights

The historic old town of Marienberg and the mining landscape near Lauta are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Ore Mountains Mining Region .

see also: List of cultural monuments in Marienberg

Buildings

City wall at the Zschopauer Tor

Royal Post Office (1833 to 1866)

Bergmagazin , since 2006 the Saxon-Bohemian Ore Mountains Museum

Hunting lodge - an important building of Renaissance humanism

St. Marien - late Gothic hall church
Renaissance style town hall
Red Tower - the last of the four original corner towers of the city wall
Zschopauer Tor - the last of originally five city gates
Bergmagazin - built 1806–1809
Community center market 14
Right-angled city plan with a square market square

Electoral Saxony Postmeilensäule from Zschopauer gate, crest piece of Saxon Postmeilensäule by Anna Berger Gate in the museum, Electorate of Saxony whole mile column from the high bridge as a monument at Mount Magazine, parts of a Saxon half-mile column walled up in the doorway of the house Reiter and two quarters milestones on the original post road at Reitzenhain and as a memorial Wettin Oak on Eisenstrasse in the Marienberg Forest
Royal Post Office (1833 to 1866) and house of Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra (1774 to 1780)
Royal Saxon milestones as a station stone from the Wolkensteiner Tor on the Wolkensteiner Strasse and in 1900 redesigned as kilometer stones at the former Freiberg Tor and the B 171 / Lauterbach junction
Hunting lodge - an important building of Renaissance humanism
Hunting column on the road to Reitzenhain
Fortified church Lauterbach , with probably the oldest organ in Saxony
Niederlauterstein castle ruins from the 12th century

Museums

Saxon-Bohemian Ore Mountains Museum in the mountain magazine

Memorials

War memorial for the soldiers from the districts of Gebirge and Gelobtland who fell in World War I and II

Memorial complex from 1952 at Marienberg-Gelobtland train station in memory of murdered concentration camp inmates

Memorial plaque for 23 French and 34 Soviet prisoners of the Flöha subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp , who were also murdered by SS men in the spring of 1945

Memorial from 1950 on the B 174 in a forest near Reitzenhain for 218 prisoners killed by SS guards

Grave from 1945 in the cemetery for Italian military internees

Memorial plaque in the staircase of the town hall for the social democratic resistance fighter Walter Mehnert , who was murdered on October 18, 1943 in the Brandenburg-Görden prison (not in Moabit as stated on the plaque)

Memorial stone for the captain Paul von Münch who was murdered near Reitzenhain

Major events

26.-29. July 2001: German EC conference (Christian youth conference)
1st - 3rd September 2006: 15th Day of the Saxons in Marienberg
12-21 September 2014: 12th German Miners, Huts and Miners Day

Culinary specialties

Lauterbacher drops

Economy and Infrastructure

The city is developing tourism , the Silberstrasse and the Deutsche Alleenstrasse run through it .

armed forces

The Panzergrenadier Battalion 371 is stationed in the Bundeswehr property "Erzgebirgskaserne"; the barracks are right on the edge of the old town. In 1996 the association received the honorary title "Marienberger Jäger" from the Marienberg City Council.

The 371 Panzer Grenadier Battalion is assigned to the NATO Response Force or Very High Readiness Joint Task Force .

traffic

Two federal highways run through the city . The B 174 leads from Chemnitz via Marienberg to Reitzenhain with its border crossing to the Czech Republic . It largely follows the Reitzenhainer Pass, the lowest Ore Mountains pass, which has been one of the most important transport links between Saxony and Bohemia since the Middle Ages . Due to the sharp increase in traffic at the beginning of the 1990s, construction of a bypass began in spring 2005 . Its inauguration took place on November 29, 2007 in the presence of Federal Transport Minister Wolfgang Tiefensee .

The federal road 171 from the direction of Wolkenstein to Dippoldiswalde leads directly through the historic town center.

Rail traffic on the Pockau-Lengefeld-Marienberg railway line was discontinued with the timetable change on December 15, 2013.

The bus route 588 of the Doprava Ústeckého kraje connects Marienberg with the Bohemian town of Chomutov .

media

MEF (Mittel-Erzgebirgs-Fernsehen), which has been on the air since 1989, forms a media platform for social life in the Middle Erzgebirgskreis.

Personalities

literature

Between Wolkenstein, Marienberg and Jöhstadt (= values of our homeland . Volume 41). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1985.
Volkmar Geupel : Before the mining town was founded in 1521. Marienberg and its surrounding area in the light of historical-archaeological research . in: Sächsische Heimatblätter 51 (2006), Heft 3, pp. 272–284
Uwe Ulrich Jäschke: Marienberg between tradition and modernity . in: Sächsische Heimatblätter 51 (2006), Heft 3, pp. 189–194
Richard Steche : Marienberg. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 5th issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Marienberg . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1885, p. 13.
Ernst Köhler : Book of legends of the Erzgebirge; 527. From the name of the city Marienberg , Georg Olms Verlag , 1978, ISBN 978-3-487-06639-4 , p. 442