Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra

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Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra, chalk drawing by Anton Graff

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra (born April 5, 1740 in Allstedt ; † July 16, 1819 in Freiberg ) was the Saxon chief miner and a friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe .

Life

Trebras Haus ( Royal Post Office ) in Freiberger Straße 6, Marienberg, next to the mining office in which he worked and temporarily lived (from left) 
Memorial plaque to a visit by Goethe to him in Freiberg

He was the eldest son of Lieutenant of the Landmilit Christoph Heinrich von Trebra (1694–1745) and the Albertina Amalia Carolina, b. from Werder. After attending the Roßleben monastery school and the University of Jena , where he studied law, he was the first student to be matriculated at the newly founded Freiberg Mining Academy . After completing his training, he went to Marienberg , where he became a mountain master on December 1, 1767 . In addition to this activity, he was appointed senior miner council at the Oberbergamt in Freiberg in 1770 and rose to deputy miner captain in 1773. When he was in Ilmenau to get to know the mining industry there, he met Goethe, with whom a friendly contact developed.

On Trebra's initiative, prospective miners were recruited in the Netherlands and the Dutch mining companies Concordia res parvae crescunt and Labore et gratia Faustus were formed in 1771 , which took over a large number of retardatkuxes at pits in the mining areas of Freiberg, Marienberg, Johanngeorgenstadt and Geyer. From 1770 to 1778 Trebra was in charge of the special supervision of Dutch mining in the Electorate of Saxony.

As a mountain master in Marienberg, he introduced several technical innovations, such as the Hungarian hunt and the water column machine as an effective replacement for water wheels. He also arranged for health insurance for the miners. The wearing of the miners' work clothing in everyday life was enforced by von Trebra "to raise class awareness [...] under the threat of high fines". In 1769 these uniforms were shown to the public for the first time.

In 1779 Trebra was lured away from Kursachsen and entered the service of Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Clausthal as Vice-Mining Captain , where he was placed at the side of Mining Captain Claus Friedrich von Reden . When he died in 1791, he was appointed miner captain.

In 1785 he was elected a foreign member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

In 1794, the previous Bergdrost Franz August von Meding was placed at his side as Vice-Mining Captain. Regardless of this, Trebra resigned his offices in 1795 and retired to his manor in Bretleben , located in the Electorate of Saxony .

In 1801 Trebra was appointed chief miner by the elector of Saxony as the successor to the deceased miner Carl Wilhelm Benno von Heynitz and took over the management of all mining in the electorate of Saxony .

Services

Trebra was a co-founder of the first scientific society for mining, the "Societät der Bergbaukunde" (1786-1791). He ran the secretariat of this society and was also given its archive. In 1806 he suggested the construction of mountain magazines as granaries in Saxony in order to prevent famine among the population.

The 17 meter long hallway of the Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebras house (Trebrahaus) in Marienberg, Freiberger Straße 6

Kurt Mohr lists him as one of the pioneers of geological research in the Harz Mountains with a seemingly modern geological-mineralogical description of the Harz Mountains in his book Experiences from the Interior of the Mountains (1785), despite some still fantastic hypotheses such as the chemical formation of the Grauwacken between the slates Fermentation.

Works (selection)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Marold: Chronicle of Pobershau Marienberg - Zöblitz 1771 - 1800 . Ed .: Hans Marold. tape 1 . Druckerei Olbernhau GmbH, Olbernhau March 2001, p. 132 .
  2. ↑ C. Schiffner: From the life of old Freiberg mountain students . Publishing house Ernst Maucksch, Freiberg 1935, p. 117 .
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 242.
  4. ^ Mohr, Harz, western part, Borntraeger 1984, p. 5

literature

  • Wilhelm von Gümbel:  Trebra, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von (1st article) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 38, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, p. 550 f.
  • August Rothpletz:  Trebra, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von (2nd article) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, p. 708 f.
  • Walther Herrmann: Goethe and Trebra, friendship and exchange between Weimar and Freiberg. (= Freiberg research books. D 9). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1955. Culture and technology D 9. 212 p.
  • Wappler: Oberberghauptmann von Trebra and the three first Saxon art masters Mende, Baldauf and Brendel. In: Messages from the Freiberg Antiquities Association. 41, 1905, pp. 69-178.
  • C. Schiffner: From the life of old Freiberg mountain students. E. Maukisch, Freiberg 1935, pp. 115-119.

Web links

Wikisource: Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Trebra, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Saxon chief miner
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1740
PLACE OF BIRTH Allstedt
DATE OF DEATH July 16, 1819
Place of death Freiberg