Roßleben monastery school
| Klosterschule Roßleben - independent grammar school | |
|---|---|
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| type of school | Gymnasium (with integrated boarding and day boarding ) |
| founding | 1554 |
| address |
Monastery School 5 |
| place | Rossleben |
| country | Thuringia |
| Country | Germany |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 17 '43 " N , 11 ° 25' 41" E |
| carrier | Roßleben Monastery School Foundation |
| student | about 390 |
| Teachers | 36 |
| management | Gernot Gröppler (headmaster and managing director) Francis Retter (boarding school director) |
| Website | www.klosterschule.de |
The Kloster Roßleben is a certified high school in privately maintained with integrated boarding and boarding days in Roßleben , Thuringia . The school was founded in 1554 by Heinrich von Witzleben .
history
From the monastery to the monastery school
Around 1140, Count Ludwig II of Wippra founded an Augustinian monastery on the banks of the Unstrut near the settlement of Rostenleba . On April 27, 1142, the monastery received the confirmation document from Pope Innocent II and on February 21, 1174 a letter of protection from Emperor Friedrich I (Barbarossa) . These two documents are still in the possession of the Roßleben Monastery School Foundation and are kept in the original in the Foundation's archive.
In the middle of the 13th century the Augustinian monastery was converted into a Cistercian monastery . 50 nuns lived in the monastery . When the landgrave court judge Christian von Witzleben received half of Wendelstein Castle as a man fief after the Thuringian Count War , he also became one of the two secular patrons of the monastery.
The monastery was abandoned as a result of the Reformation in the mid-16th century.
In 1554, a boys' school was founded on behalf of the last guardian , the knight and doctor of both rights Heinrich von Witzleben . The first plans had already been made in 1547. Georg Fabricius , a pupil of Philipp Melanchthon , was commissioned to found the school . He had been the rector of the prince's school Sankt Afra in Meissen since 1546 . As Ephorus of the Roßleben monastery school, Fabricius wrote its first school law, the Leges ludi Vicelebiani .
Since the school foundation was founded in 1554, a male member of the von Witzleben family from among the agnates of the foundation monastery school Roßleben has been and still is the hereditary administrator .
From foundation to major fire
From April 1554 the first teacher of the Roßleben monastery school, Salomo Rhode, taught 18 students two hours a day. By September the number of students increased to 56 and Isaak Faust from Wittenberg was appointed the first rector. From 1556 three teachers taught about 60 students in three classes. First subjects were ancient languages , philosophy , religion , rhetoric , logic and music .
By 1639, 1,435 students had attended the school. As a result of the Thirty Years' War the school had to be closed and could not be reopened until 1675 by Wolf Dietrich Arnold von Witzleben .
On Good Friday 1686, a major fire destroyed almost the entire village of Roßleben, including the monastery building. Only the rectory remained intact. Fortunately and by chance, 85 old certificates and documents were saved from the library . Including the originals of the papal and imperial documents.
Reconstruction up to National Socialism
In 1727 construction began on today's school building, which was inaugurated on January 2, 1742. The electoral building inspector JH Lobenstein, who also directed the construction, designed the plan . The foundation stone for the new church was laid on October 4th, 1751, but construction was slow. In 1755 the lock of the nearby Unstrut also had to be built. After the outbreak of the Seven Years' War in 1756, the building, which had already been completed to the roof, stagnated completely and then fell into disrepair in the following years.
After the Battle of Jena and Auerstedt in 1806, the Roßleben monastery school was used as a hospital by the Prussian troops during their retreat . As a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, during which Saxon territories had previously been ceded to Prussia , political disagreements arose between Pro-Saxon and Pro-Prussian students at the school, but these were overcome by Hereditary Administrator Georg Hartmann von Witzleben and Rector Benedikt Wilhelm.
From 1844 to 1866, the pedagogue August Friedrich Moritz Anton was the rector of this traditional school, after starting his service there in 1822, initially as adjunct .
In 1875 the lion monument was erected in the park of the monastery school in honor of the monastery students who died in the wars of 1866 and 1870/71.
By 1880 there were already seven classes with over 100 students and 13 teachers. In addition, structural changes brought the school up to date. By 1910 the gym , central heating , sanitary facilities, three sports fields, the bathing establishment and the boathouse , houses for the rector and teachers, a hospital ward and the house for the monastery tenant were built.
After two years of construction, the new monastery church in the north wing was finally inaugurated in 1913. The installation of the organ , which is unique in Central Germany, is to be emphasized - built by the organ building workshop Dalstein & Haerpfer from Lorraine .
In 1921 the Alter Roßleber e. V. founded by former students. In 1999 the Association of Graduates from the former Goethe High School and the State Gymnasium Klosterschule Roßleben e. V. , which, however, decided to dissolve it in 2010 because the statutory purpose of the association no longer existed due to the privatization. In 2005 the Alter Roßleber eV association merged with the Friends of the Klosterschule Roßleben e. V. to the association Klosterschule Roßleben - Former and Sponsors e. V. In 2018 the association was renamed "Alte Roßleben und Freunde eV" . The alumni association currently has around 350 members and supports the Roßleben monastery school financially and ideally. Once a year there is a traditional club meeting with a festive banquet.
Resistance to the Nazi regime
After the seizure of power of the Nazis in 1933, the then Erbadministrator was Wolf-Dietrich von Witzleben effort despite the prescribed new curricula, the peculiarity of the monastery Roßleben before the claim to power of the State NS to preserve and maintain sponsorship from the Foundation. Against all nationalization intentions, his consistent resistance contributed significantly to preventing the conversion of the convent school into a national political educational institution . He was assisted by Head of Studies Kurt Sachse as Rector. The key words "deo, patriae, litteris" - "God, the fatherland, science" - should continue to shape education.
Numerous former monastery students joined the resistance against the Nazi regime . Six graduates of the monastery school, Nikolaus Christoph von Halem , Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg , Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld , Egbert Hayessen , Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff and Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort as well as the member of the founding family, Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben , were executed in Plötzensee for their involvement in the assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on July 20, 1944 .
Nationalization and Reunification
After the Second World War , the Roßleben Monastery School Foundation was expropriated in the Soviet occupation zone. 17 students, five teachers and the caretaker of the monastery school were denounced as alleged werewolves and arrested by the Soviet military police. The caretaker and two teachers were executed immediately after the arrest, 15 of the students and the remaining three teachers were interned in the Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen special camps . During the detention, two of the teachers and three of the students died from the detention conditions. Some of the imprisoned pupils were deported to labor camps in the Soviet Union , the last pupil among these did not return home until 1955. In 1995 the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation fully rehabilitated all convicts.
During the GDR era , the school was continued as an extended high school (EOS) with language orientation (since 1952 Russian lessons ) from August 28, 1949 under the name Goetheschule . During this time, too, the teachers and educators, especially under the long-standing leadership of the school principal Ernst Bösemüller, tried to maintain the traditional moral concepts of this school. This was reflected above all in musical and artistic-creative as well as sporting offers. The obligatory productive work of the students took place in the potash plant Roßleben and later also in other companies, such as B. in the Kyffhäuser Hut Artern .
After reunification , the school complex, which was in dire need of renovation, was costly renovated under the direction of Friedrich-Karl von Witzleben. For example, a stained glass that was destroyed in GDR times was reconstructed in the chapel that was converted into the “ Karl Marx Festival Hall” . The Roßleben Monastery School Foundation, which had received back the school grounds and parts of the former monastery property, but not the former 286 hectares of agricultural land, signed a contract of use with the Artern district until 2017 as the owner of the now eight hectare school campus. This later became the Kyffhäuserkreis district continued. The Kyffhäuserkreis operated the state high school "Klosterschule" Roßleben under the direction of Erich Hofereiter on the foundation's premises.
today
On December 18, 2008, the usage contract between the Kyffhäuserkreis and the Roßleben Abbey School Foundation was terminated prematurely by mutual agreement. The Foundation Klosterschule Roßleben took over the sponsorship of the school again under the management of Christian von Witzleben. With the decision of the Thuringian Ministry of Culture of June 25th, 2009, the dissolved state high school "Klosterschule" Roßleben was followed by the Klosterschule Roßleben as an independent grammar school .
About 390 pupils are currently attending the Roßleben monastery school. The boarding school has 110 places. The school fees for local students from the Kyffhäuserkreis will initially be covered by the district.
The former physical tower
View from the park (west side)
Lion monument in the park
Inscription on the Lion Monument
Obelisk for Arnold Siegmund Ernst Steubener in the park
Coat of arms on the sports hall
Memorial bust August Friedrich Moritz Anton
Trivia
For the German feature film "Spieltrieb" (2014), some outdoor shots were shot in the Roßleben boarding school.
principal
- 1554 - 1557 Isaac Faust
- 1557 - 1564 Michael Schultes
- 1564 - 1565 Philipp Seidler
- 1565 - 1567 Thomas Venatorius
- 1567 - 1575 Johann Eckstrophius
- 1575 - 1585 Zacharius Crauel
- 1585 - 1592 Johann Fertsch
- 1592 - 1597 Matthäus Meldner
- 1597 - 1623 Christian Bodenstein
- 1623 - 1627 Christian Siegel
- 1627 - 1633 Joachim Knape
- 1633 - 1634 Daniel Heimburger
- 1634 - 1639 Sebastian Meiz
- 36 years of interruption of teaching as a result of the Thirty Years War
- 1675 - 1679 Andreas Stier
- 1680 - 1686 Jakob Schmalz
- Due to the fire in the monastery, the school is closed for 56 years
- 1742 - 1785 Johann Gottfried Schmutzer
- 1786 - 1800 Friedrich Benignus Jakob Ludwig Strack
- 1800 - 1837 Benedict Wilhelm
- 1838 - 1842 Theodor Herold
- 1842 - 1866 Moritz Anton
- 1866 - 1869 Gustav Lotholz
- 1869 - 1883 Christian Friedrich Wentrup
- 1883 - 1887 Friedrich Ludwig Scheibe
- 1887-1892 Julius Neumann
- 1892 - 1899 August Heilmann
- 1899 - 1903 Gustav Sorof
- 1903 - 1908 Johannes Biereye
- 1908 - 1917 Hermann Schmidt
- 1917 - 1921 Walther Michaelis
- 1921 - 1934 Ulrich Heinemann
- 1934 - 1942 Kurt Sachse
- 1942 - 1945 Theodor Meyer
- 1945 - 1946 Karl Most
- 1946 - 1949 Friedrich Istel
- 1949 - 1952 Friedrich Pätzold
- 1952 - 1954 Alfred Meißner
- 1954 - 1956 Werner Jeschke
- 1956 - 1962 Edmund Haase
- 1962 - 1987 Ernst Bösemüller
- 1987 - 1990 Mrs. Elke Loose
- 1990 - 2004 Erich Hofereiter
- 2004 - 2014 Liliana Meyer
- since 2014 Gernot Gröppler
Teacher
- Johannes Wilhelm Boysen (1834–1870), poet, teacher from 1862 to 1864
- August Matthes (1858–1945), theologian, senior teacher and school priest from 1890 to 1895
Students and graduates
- Agidius Gutbier (born September 1, 1617 in Weißensee (Thuringia) ; † September 27, 1667 Ufhoven ) was a German theologian, orientalist and high school teacher
- Johann Jakob Lungershausen (1665–1729), theologian, university professor in Jena and superintendent of Mühlhausen
- Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra (born April 5, 1740 in Allstedt , † July 16, 1819 in Freiberg ), Saxon chief miner
- August Thieme (born February 26, 1780 in Allstedt , † June 13, 1860 in Allstedt), was a German poet of the Weimar poet circle (pupil from 1792 to 1798)
- Karl Georg Jacob (1796–1849), philologist and historian
- Theodor Franz Christian von Seckendorff (1801–1858), Prussian diplomat
- Hartmann von Witzleben (born December 9, 1805 in Weißenfels, † October 12, 1878 in Merseburg), President of the Province of Saxony and hereditary administrator of the Roßleben monastery school
- Carl Ludwig Nietzsche (born October 10, 1813 in Eilenburg; † July 30, 1849 in Röcken), Protestant pastor and father of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (student from 1828 to 1833)
- August Nebe (born March 14, 1826, † April 10, 1895) was pastor of Roßleben and historian
- Alfred Hoche (1865–1943), German psychiatrist and neurologist, co-author of the paper on the release of the annihilation of life unworthy of life (1920)
- Johann Ludwig Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (born August 22, 1887 in Rathmannsdorf, † March 4, 1977 in Essen ), Reich Finance Minister and in 1945 "Leading Minister of the Executive Government" Dönitz (student from 1893 to 1905)
- Hans Graf von Kanitz (1841–1913), member of the Reichstag of the North German Confederation , the Prussian House of Representatives and from 1889 to 1913 of the German Reichstag
- Georg Graf von Kanitz (1842–1922), court marshal, vice master of ceremonies, member of the German Reichstag
- Wilhelm Graf von Kanitz (1846–1912), Prussian lieutenant general
- Victor Ritter Borosini von Hohenstern (1872–?), German-Austrian officer and diplomat
- Friedrich von Kessel (born August 25, 1896 in Ober-Glauche; † February 13, 1975 in Göttingen) politician (GB / BHE)
- Wolf Heinrich Graf von Helldorf (born October 14, 1896 in Merseburg , † August 15, 1944), member of the Reichstag, 1935 Police President of Berlin , executed in Berlin-Plötzensee prison after the assassination attempt on Hitler (pupil from 1909 to 1910)
- Albrecht von Kessel (born November 6, 1902 in Ober-Glauche; † April 15, 1976 in Bad Godesberg), was a German diplomat, belonged to the Kreisau circle and circle of friends around Adam von Trott zu Solz
- Wichard von Alvensleben (born May 19, 1902 in Wittenmoor near Stendal, Altmark, † August 14, 1982 in Ascheberg, Holstein) was a German farmer and forester and in 1945 freed prominent SS hostages in South Tyrol as a German officer
- Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld (born December 21, 1902 in Copenhagen , † September 8, 1944), studied agriculture, Ordonnanzoffizier with Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben , executed after the assassination attempt on Hitler in the prison Berlin-Plötzensee (pupil from 1919 to 1921)
- Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg (born November 13, 1904 in Kleinöls , † August 8, 1944), co-founder of the Kreisau Circle , cousin of the Berthold brothers and Claus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg , executed in Berlin-Plötzensee prison after the assassination attempt on Hitler (student from 1920 to 1923)
- Nikolaus Christoph von Halem (born March 15, 1905 in Schwetz , † October 9, 1944), lawyer, executed in Berlin-Plötzensee prison after the assassination attempt on Hitler (pupil from 1918 to 1922)
- Johann Adolf Graf von Kielmansegg (1906–2006), four-star general in the German Armed Forces , NATO Commander in Chief Allied Forces Central Europe (1967–1968), Commander of the Legion of Honor .
- Heinrich Ahasverus Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort (born June 22, 1909 in Hanover , † September 4, 1944), executed in Berlin-Plötzensee prison after the assassination attempt on Hitler (pupil from 1925 to 1927)
- Gustav Albrecht Prince zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1907–1944), head of the Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg family, German officer, missing in Russia, (pupil from 1922–1925).
- Eberhard von Breitenbuch (* July 20, 1910 in Dietzhausen , † September 22, 1980 in Göttingen ), belonged to the group of resistance fighters against Adolf Hitler, qualified forest engineer, chief forester, Rittmeister and, most recently, lord of the manor on Remeringhausen am Deister , legal knight of the Order of St. John .
- Johannes Steinhoff (1913–1994), fighter pilot in World War II, four-star general in the Bundeswehr and inspector of the air force , chairman of the NATO military committee (1971–1974)
- Egbert Hayessen (born December 28, 1913 in Eisleben , † August 15, 1944), military career, on General Olbricht's staff from November 1943 , executed in Berlin-Plötzensee prison after the assassination attempt on Hitler (pupil from 1924 to 1933)
- Joachim-Hermann Scharf (born November 7, 1921 in Nebra ; † June 22, 2014 there), anatomist and biologist
- Rainer Kirsch (born July 17, 1934 in Döbeln , † September 4, 2015 in Berlin), writer and poet (Abitur 1953), painter and artist
- Annekatrin Thiele (born October 18, 1984 in Sangerhausen ), silver medalist at the 2008 Olympics in the women's double sculls, 3rd place in the 2009 double sculls championship, European champion in the double sculls in 2010, 6th place in the single sculls championship in 2011 and silver medalist at the 2012 Olympics in double sculls
- Jens Cotta (born November 9, 1972 in Bad Frankenhausen), member of the state parliament (AfD)
Literature, sources
- Celestine August Just: About the current structure of the Closter School in Roßleben, along with some pedagogical remarks that were sent in advance . Erfurt 1788 ( digitized version )
- Album of the students of Roßleben monastery from 1742–1854 , Halle 1854 ( full text ).
- Program of the Roßleben monastery school donated by the von Witzleben family . Halle 1858 ( full text ).
- August Nebe : History of the Rossleben Monastery , in: Journal of the Harz Association for History and Antiquity , 1885.
- Jenrich, Karl: Album of the pupils of the Roßleben monastery school from 1854 to 1904. In addition to supplements to the album from 1854 . Roßleben Abbey, self-published by the Abbey School in 1904.
- Roßleben Monastery School Foundation and the Roßleben State Gymnasium (Ed.): Roßleben Monastery School: Time travel through a traditional school . Bussert and Stadeler, Jena and Quedlinburg 2004, ISBN 3-932906-53-5 .
- Matthias Ludwig: Rossleben. In: The monasteries and nunneries of the Cistercians in Hesse and Thuringia. Edited by Friedhelm Jürgensmeier and Regina Elisabeth Schwerdtfeger (Germania Benedictina IV), St. Otilien 2011, pp. 1350–1363.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Journal of the Association for Thuringian History and Archeology . Volume 7, Jena 1870, p. 148, no. 122 .
- ↑ Gerlinde Sommer: The motto is: I'll do it! . Thuringian newspaper , 23 August 2011
