Rossleben
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Rossleben
City and rural community of Roßleben-Wiehe
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| Height : | 119 m |
| Area : | 33.55 km² |
| Residents : | 4885 (Dec. 31, 2017) |
| Population density : | 146 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 2019 |
| Postcodes : | 06571 (Roßleben) , 06556 (Schönewerda) |
| Area code : | 034672 |
Roßleben is a district of the town and rural community of Roßleben-Wiehe in the Kyffhäuserkreis in Thuringia .
geography
Geographical location
Roßleben is located in the Unstrut valley between the ridge of the Ziegelroda Forest and the Hohe Schrecke ridge .
Neighboring communities
Before its dissolution, the following municipalities bordered the city of Roßleben (clockwise, starting from the north): Querfurt ( Saalekreis , Saxony-Anhalt), Memleben ( Burgenlandkreis , Saxony-Anhalt), Wiehe , Donndorf , Nausitz , Gehofen , Kalbsrieth and Heygendorf (all Kyffhäuserkreis , Thuringia).
Administrative division
The city of Roßleben consisted of the following three districts:
- Rossleben
- Bottendorf
- Schönewerda
climate
Roßleben is located in an area with little precipitation.
- Precipitation: July / August: approx. 54 l / m², November: 25 l / m²
- Annual average 525 l / m²
history
The first documentary mention of Roßleben goes back to the 9th century. In a register of the tithe of the Hersfeld monastery ( Hersfeld tithe list ), which was created between 881 and 899, Roßleben is mentioned for the first time in a document as a place of tithe "Rostenleba" in Friesenfeld . In 1140 Count Ludwig von Wippra and his wife Mathilde founded an Augustinian monastery including the St. Andrew's Church. The confirmation by Pope Innocent II took place in 1142. In 1177 the sources name "Rusteleva" (genetic material of a Rusto). The Red Court, today's Protestant parish, is associated with this. In 1250 the Augustinian monastery was converted into a Cistercian monastery . The noble family von Rusteleben, which appeared in the 13th century and went out at the beginning of the 16th century, came from the place.
From 1342 to 1345 the Thuringian Count Wars took place, in which the Lords of Orlamünde were on the side of the defeated. After this time, the Counts of Roßleben were no longer mentioned. The Wendelstein fell to the Lords of Witzleben . In 1549 Heinrich von Witzleben auf Wendelstein commissioned his inspector Georg Fabricius to set up a boys' school in the Roßleben monastery, and in 1554 Rector Isaak Faust started school with 40 boys. In 1597 the plague claimed many victims in Roßleben. On April 2, 1686, a major fire destroyed almost the entire village. 17 buildings survived the fire, including the monastery mill and the Andreas church. On May 14, 1732, the newly built monastery school resumed teaching. On June 12, 1770, another large fire destroyed a large part of the village. The church, the monastery school and the rectory were spared.
Until 1815 Roßleben was in the Saxon office of Wendelstein , since then it belonged to the Prussian province of Saxony until 1945 .
In 1851 the first Roßleben sugar factory was built on the eastern edge of the town. It later became the Meitz steam sawmill and shoe factory. The first Roßleben newspaper appeared in 1895. Since 1889 Roßleben also had its own train station. In 1857/1858 a second sugar factory was built between Roßleben and Bottendorf.
On June 15, 1903 with the sinking of Kalisch at night the union Roßleben begun. In 1905 there were already 72 self-employed craftsmen in Roßleben. In 1912 the community built a water pipe. Electric power generated in the steam sawmill on Wendelsteiner Straße ensured the economic upturn. In 1921 the sugar factory was hit by a major fire. In 1926 the stagecoach between Roßleben and Wiehe, which had been in service until then, was replaced by a postbus. In 1927 a girl attended the convent school for the first time. A caustic ingress in 1939 brought potash mining to a standstill until 1946.
During the time of National Socialism , as in the entire territory of the Reich, political opponents of the new regime were persecuted, including in Northern Thuringia. This particularly affected Jews, Social Democrats , Communists and members of the Confessing Church . In Bottendorf in 1934 a communist resistance group called Tras was formed, whose members were sentenced to prison and penitentiary sentences after their discovery. After the founding of the GDR , the SED district administration had streets and squares named after members of communist resistance groups. In the course of this campaign, Otto-Römer- Strasse in Roßleben was named after the founder of the KPD local group, and Richard-Hüttig-Platz was named after the Bottendorf-born communist Richard Hüttig .
During the Second World War , hundreds of prisoners of war from Poland , Serbia , the Soviet Union , France , military internees from Italy as well as women and men from Poland and the Soviet Union had to do forced labor : at Brumme, at Geißler, in the Becker auto repair shop, in the Specht iron foundry, in the Thuringian woodworks, in the potash mine, in the sugar factory and in agriculture. Graves in the cemeteries of Roßleben, Schönewerda and Bottendorf commemorate an unusually high number of deaths. Graves and memorial stones in Roßleben and on the road between Wangen and Nebra are reminiscent of three concentration camp prisoners shot dead on a death march from the Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp .
From 1962 to 1964, the potash plant was extensively modernized to expand its production capacity. As a result, workers began to move to Roßleben. Over 1000 new apartments were built. In 1976 Roßleben, Wiehe , Langenroda and Donndorf formed the Unstruttal community association, which was dissolved in 1990.
In 1990 the reprivatisation of public property began . The potash plant and all industrial operations in Roßleben were closed. The economy in the industrial area was rebuilt.
In 1992/1993 the Lingel shoe factory became an education center. The renovation of the monastery school was completed in these years.
In 1994 the new municipal coat of arms was confirmed. In 1995 Roßleben became a fulfilling municipality for Bottendorf and Schönewerda . The new fire station was inaugurated in 1996. Economics Minister Schuster kicked off the redevelopment of the potash site.
On April 1, 1999, Roßleben became a unified municipality with the villages of Bottendorf and Schönewerda. The city charter was awarded on June 17, 1999 in the monastery school.
The Roßleben monastery school celebrated its 450th anniversary in 2004 as part of a large festive event.
On January 1, 2019, the towns of Roßleben and Wiehe and the communities of Donndorf and Nausitz merged to form the new town and rural community of Roßleben-Wiehe .
Population development
Development of the population (December 31) :
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From 1999 with districts
Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
politics
City council
After the local elections on May 25, 2014 with a turnout of 46.1%, the Roßleben City Council was composed as follows:
| Party / list | SPD | CDU | left | FWG 1 | DG 2 | BfB 3 | total |
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| Seats | 7 seats | 5 seats | 2 seats | 3 seats | 2 seats | 1 seat | 20 seats |
| Party / list | SPD | CDU | left | FDP | FWG 1 | DG 2 | bbK 4 | total |
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| Seats | 5 seats | 4 seats | 2 seats | 2 seats | 3 seats | 2 seats | 2 seats | 20 seats |
1 Free voter community Bottendorf 2 Village community Schönewerda 3 Citizens for citizen interests 4 … for citizen-friendly and affordable local politics
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on July 12, 1994 by the Thuringian State Administration Office.
Blazon : "In silver on a stretched above the right lower edge of the shield Rose series with green leaves and three red roses with gold slugs three diagonally left inclined, on the middle Rose pointed composite blue swords with golden handles, which are wrapped with red ribbon."
The local coat of arms goes back to the family coat of arms of the von Rustelebe family. The lineage of the Counts of Roßleben can be traced in the place between 1263 and 1345. After the Thuringian Count War (1342–1345), which the Counts of Orlamünde lost, the Counts of Roßleben also lost their lives and have since disappeared from the Roßleben area. Only since then have the gentlemen von Witzleben been present in the community.
Town twinning
- Wächtersbach ( Hesse )
Culture and sights
- Andreas Church
- Roßleben monastery school , one of the oldest educational institutions in Germany.
- Roßleben home house
- Bottendorf copper works
Economy and Infrastructure
Transport links
- Motorway: A 38 and A 71
- Federal highways: B 85 and B 86
- The Roßleben station was on the course book route 585 (Burgenland Railway Zeitz – Naumburg – Artern). Passenger traffic was canceled in December 2006 by the Free State of Thuringia between Nebra and Artern. The Unstrutbahn e. V. has tried since then to resume regular operation of the Unstrutbahn . In a partial step, the association orders over 80 special trains a year between Naumburg-Nebra-Roßleben-Artern. Several times a year, the station is also the destination of the Unstrut-Schrecke-Express, which brings nature-loving citizens from Erfurt to the Unstrut Valley. In 2012 the association reactivated the GHB Roßleben branch line. GHB is the operator of the potash heap in Roßleben. This enables building rubble to be transported by rail to Roßleben.
economy
Before the fall of the Wall, Roßleben had several large companies. First and foremost, there is the hundred-year mining tradition. Roßleben looks back on 100 years of potash mining on Unstrut and Finne . The VEB potash mine "Heinrich Rau" in Roßleben belonged to the Kali Kombinat during the GDR era .
There was also the wood processing, shoe and agricultural and food industries. As in many places, these companies fell victim to reprivatisation by the Treuhandanstalt . Many jobs went, and so did the people. The decline in potash mining in particular left a large void. The potash deposits would have been sufficient for around 70 years of mining.
Today a few small to medium-sized companies determine the picture. Crafts and services make up the majority, but the manufacturing industry is also represented.
In 2009 the potash deposits near Roßleben were to be sold to interested companies ( K + S AG, K-UTEC AG) by the federally owned “Society for the Safekeeping and Utilization of Closed Mining Companies” (GVV) . In the last 15 years the world market price for potash fertilizers has risen tenfold, so that it would be economically worthwhile to start up again with modern processes and the high processing technology required. Since the potash market then developed in the other direction again, the sales process was ended in April 2014.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
In Roßleben were born:
- Christian Gottlob Rebs (1773–1843), Protestant theologian
- Gustav Nebe (1835–1919), General Superintendent of Westphalia in Münster
- Wilhelm Zopf (1846–1909), botanist
- Fritz Hofmann (1871–1927), track and field athlete, winner of the first medal for Germany at the modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896
- Fritz Heiligenstaedt (1887–1961), educator and ministerial official
- Kurt Heiligenstaedt (1890–1964), poster designer and caricaturist
- Hugo Launicke (1909–1975), anti-fascist and SED politician
- Werner Heine (* 1935), football player
In the district of Bottendorf were born:
- Richard Hüttig (1908–1934), communist, executed on June 14, 1934 in Berlin-Plötzensee
- Johannes Steinhoff (1913–1994), fighter pilot in World War II, four-star general and inspector of the Air Force in the Federal Republic of Germany, chairman of the NATO military committee (1971–1974)
People connected to the place
- Johann Christoph Mocker († before June 10, 1755), organ builder in Roßleben
- August Nebe (1826–1895) was pastor in Roßleben until his death
- Hans Meyer (* 1942), soccer player and coach, came to Roßleben with his family in 1945 after being expelled from Briesen in Czechoslovakia
literature
- Miners' association "Glück Auf" Roßleben (ed.): Potash mining on Unstrut and Finne . Beier and Beran, Langen Weißenbach 2002, p. 280 .
- Rainer Kirsch: View of Roßleben / Unstrut. In: kürbiskern 2/1967, Munich 1967, pp. 39–63.
Web links
- Roßleben website
- www.rossleben-online.de
- Link catalog on the topic of Roßleben at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. (= Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser , Volume 8, Thuringia .) Erfurt 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 173 ff.
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
- ↑ 2014 municipal council election in Thuringia - final result for Roßleben
- ^ New Thuringian Wappenbuch Volume 2, page 29; Publisher: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Thüringen e. V. 1998 ISBN 3-9804487-2-X
- ↑ Kali gets a second chance . In: Thüringische Landeszeitung from January 14, 2009
- ↑ The sale of the Roßleben potash deposit failed. (No longer available online.) Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk Thuringia, April 29, 2014, formerly in the original ; accessed on June 15, 2014 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
