Břežánky

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Břežánky , until 1923 Břežanky (German Briesen ), is a dredged village in Okres Teplice in the Czech Republic . Its land register with an area of ​​467.7341 hectares belongs to the city of Bílina . At the place of Břežánky there is today the opencast mine důl Bílina .

geography

Břežánky was located three kilometers northwest of Bílina at the northwestern foot of the Central Bohemian Mountains in the North Bohemian Basin . The village was in the valley of the Radčický creek ( Grundbach or Brucher Bach ) shortly before its confluence with the Bílina . To the northeast rose the Schenkertberg (221 m), to the southeast the Chlum (295 m), south of the Bořeň ( Borschen , 539 m) and in the southwest of the Kaňkov ( Schauferberg , 436 m) and the Červený vrch ( Rothe Berg , 366 m) . The Ústí nad Labem – Chomutov railway ran north of the village, and the nearest railway station was Břešťany .

Neighboring towns were Liptice and Duchcov in the north, Ledvice , hostomice and Chotějovice in the Northeast, Chotovenka and Chudeřice the east, Bílina and Újezd in the southeast, Lázně Kyselka, Kaňkov and Liběšice in the south, Želenice , Braňany , Pařidla and Konobrže in the southwest, Břešťany and Jenišův Újezd in the west and Libkovice , Nový Dvůr and Hrdlovka in the northwest.

history

The first written mention of the village belonging to the Osek monastery took place in 1208. In 1429, the Hussites devastated the village. After the end of the Hussite Wars , the repopulation took place by Frankish settlers from the areas of the monasteries Ebrach and Waldsassen . In 1658 the chapel was built. The chaplain from Obergeorgenthal, Josef Stowasser, left a particle of the catacomb saint Donatus to the chapel in 1780 . In 1810 Briesen consisted of 26 houses and had 186 inhabitants. Until the 19th century Briesen was a purely agricultural village. The largest goods in the village were owned by hop warehouses.

In 1831 Briesen , also called Priesen , consisted of 27 houses with 158 German-speaking residents. There was a sheep farm and a grinding mill in the village. The official Meierhof lay apart . The parish was Bilin. Briesen remained subject to the Ossegg estate until the middle of the 19th century .

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Briesen / Břežánky 1850 a district of the municipality long Augezd / Jenišův Oujezd in Leitmeritzer county and judicial district Bilin . In the second half of the 19th century, the emerging lignite mining changed the character of the rural German village in the fertile Grundbach valley. The St. Emeran, Amalia I, III and Adele shafts were sunk in 1860, and the railway connection was established in the same year. From 1868 the village belonged to the Teplitz district and from 1896 to the Dux district . First, the hop chambers of the farms were converted into one-room apartments for miners. As a result of the influx of Czech miners, the miners' settlements Emeran and Adele emerged on the outskirts. From 1870 the German place name form Priesen was no longer used. In the 1870s, Briesen broke away from Lang Augezd and formed its own community. Briesen consisted of 41 houses in 1880 and had 394 inhabitants, of which 350 were German Bohemians and 44 were Czechs. In 1880 an electrical porcelain factory was established. In 1892 there was a devastating swim sand collapse. In 1896 a one-story German school was built in Briesen. After a collection of signatures for the establishment of a Czech school came from the miners' settlement, which is mostly inhabited by Czechs, the mining company had the apartments of the supporters evicted. The boom in mining allowed Briesen to grow further. In 1906 a new mine field was opened between the Grundbach and the Bilin train station. After the establishment of Czechoslovakia , the German school was converted into a Czech school in 1918. In 1919 a building cooperative for miners housing was established. In 1921 the village consisted of 118 houses, the majority of the 1831 inhabitants were now Czechs. During this time, the Czech miners erected a monument to Jan Hus . In 1923 a new German school was built. In 1927 a Czech voluntary fire brigade was formed. The porcelain factory was shut down in 1928. In 1930 there were 2,421 people living in the community, 72.3% of whom were Czech. The chapel was restored in 1931. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Briesen was added to the German Reich in 1938 and initially belonged to the Dux district . From May 1, 1939, the village was part of the newly formed district of Bilin . In the census of May 17, 1939, the community only had 1,778 inhabitants due to the resettlement of the majority of Czechs. In the same year a camp for Italian guest workers was set up on the outskirts of the Adele settlement. The pit fields of the St.Emeran-Schacht were taken over by the Konrad-Henlein-Schacht in 1942 and the operation was limited to a teaching operation. A satellite camp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp was operated in Briesen from October 1943 to the end of April 1945 . On December 16, 1943, a bombing caused severe damage.

After the end of the Second World War, Břežánky returned to Czechoslovakia in 1945 and the German-Bohemian population was expelled . A deportation camp for the German population of Okres Bílina was set up in the Meierhof to the east of the village; the barracks of the Italian camp in the Adele settlement served as a labor camp for Germans. In 1950 the municipalities of Břežánky and Břešťany were merged into one municipality Břežánky. In the course of the abolition of the Okres Bílina, Břežánky was assigned to the Okres Teplice in 1961. The community Břežánky was relocated between 1964 and 1970 in the course of the opening of the large open-cast mine důl Maxim Gorkij and incorporated into Bílina on November 1, 1970. Two years later the village was devastated .

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Richard Triebe (1922–2012), sculptor, painter, graphic artist and Regensburg cathedral builder
  • Hans Meyer (* 1942), German football coach
  • Erik Silvester (1942–2008), German pop singer, composer, lyricist and producer

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/614866/Brezanky
  2. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Böhmen , Vol. 1 Leitmeritzer Kreis, 1833, p. 151
  3. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Bilin district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  4. ^ Rudolf M. Wlaschek: Jews in Böhmen . Munich: Oldenbourg, 1990, p. 151
  5. ↑ http://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1951-13

Coordinates: 50 ° 34 '  N , 13 ° 45'  E