Leitmeritzer circle

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The Leitmeritzer circle ( Litoměřický kraj ) was an administrative district in the northern part of the Kingdom of Bohemia , named after the city Litomerice ( Czech : Litoměřice ), the District Chief had its headquarters in this city.

It belonged to the old Bohemian circles and was reorganized in 1748 according to the administrative reforms of the time. With the administrative reforms after 1848, the districts functioned only as a supervisory authority and were replaced in 1867 by the more delicate system of political districts (see list of districts in Bohemia ).

Demographics

The district included 56 dominions and 121 urban administrative districts. These included 31 cities, 12 market towns and 955 villages and 1,403 layers .

The population of the district was given on the basis of the 1843 census as 383,506 people. These included 9,846 farmers and a further 49,230 people working in agriculture.

Geographical description

Around 1845 the area of ​​the Leitmeritz district was 59.2 square miles or 3407  km² .

The larger towns in the district included Auscha , Aussig , Bilin , Bohemian Leipa , Dux , Kamnitz , Leitmeritz, Liebshausen , Rumburk , Schluckenau , Schönlinde , Teplitz and Tetschen .

The landscape in the district is predominantly mountainous and therefore structured very diversely. These include the Bohemian Central Uplands , the then so-called Elbe Mountains as well as the Ore Mountains and the Northern Granite Mountains .

The larger rivers in the former district include the Bilina , Eger , Elbe and Pulsnitz (Polzen), as well as the Kamnitz , Lischken and Eulabach .

Agriculture and Forestry

The Leitmeritz district was called the centerpiece of the Bohemian Elbeland . The cone or low mountain range (Bohemian low mountain range) running through the district in a west-east direction possessed the mildest and most fertile areas of the region on its southern slopes according to contemporary ideas.

For the field economy exploitable, located especially in the south of the circle areas were important. The cultivation of crops has been widespread in the flat areas for a long time. Around 1845 wheat , rye , barley , oats as well as potatoes , beets for sugar production and cabbage were typical agricultural products. Legumes, flax , hemp and poppy seeds , rape and woad were also grown . At Auscha there was hops growing .

The horticulture played a major role here and has a strong presence on the lower southern slopes of the Ore Mountains and the Czech Central Mountains. In addition to fruit and vegetable growing, hops and ornamental gardening were also carried out. Viticulture in the dominions Lobositz , Cernosek , Leitmeritz with Keblitz , north of Raudnitz , Tschochau , Türmitz and Enzowan was significant for Bohemia .

The most important straw processors were located in Zinnwald , Kamnitz and Schönlinde, primarily weaving mills , which together employed up to 400 people.

The meadows and pastures were considered productive and were fertilized with brown coal ash.

In cattle farming around 1845 in the Leitmeritz district, cattle farming was in the lead with 48,938 (1840: 53,912) cows and 14,302 (1840: 14,801) oxen . Sheep breeding remained in second place with 62,496 (1840: 83,281) animals. In addition, 12,000 (1840: 20,970) pigs , 17,000 goats and 80,000 geese were kept here . At this time there were 8,439 (1840: 9,021) horses in the district . Of the wild animals, capercaillie , black grouse , pheasant , hare and partridge were common hunting destinations around 1840 .

There were 13 industrial factories and 269 businesses in the district that worked and processed animal hides and skins .

When using the natural fish stocks in the rivers, eels , carp and perch , rarely salmon, catfish and sturgeon , were caught in the mountain streams mainly trout . Fish farming in ponds focused on trout, pike , carp and tench . The annual fish yield around 1845 remained at 750 quintals .

Mining industry and other mineral raw materials

Used mineral springs were around 1845 near Bilin ( Bad Sauerbrunn ) and in Teplitz.

location

Adjacent counties and areas around 1845 were:

cards

  • The oldest representation of the Leitmeritz district on the map of Aretin in 1619

  • The Leitmeritz district on the map by Vogt 1712

  • North-eastern part on the map by Müller 1720

  • Northern part 1720

  • South-eastern part 1720

  • Southwestern part 1720

  • Map from 1769

  • Bohemian circles before 1783

  • Bohemian circles 1847

See also

literature

  • Friedrich Carl von Watterich von Watterichsburg: Concise dictionary of regional studies of the Kingdom of Bohemia . 2nd ed., Prague (CW Medau and Comp.) 1845, pp. 802-803, 820-821 online
  • Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia: statistically topographically represented. First volume. Leitmeritzer circle . JG Calve, Prague 1833 online
  • Carl Eduard Rainold: Directory of all localities in the Kingdom of Bohemia, Volume 4: Leitmeritzer Kreis. Archbishop Buchdr., 1820 online

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Watterich, 1845, p. 276, table absolute population of the individual districts and the capital Prague
  2. ↑ Watterich, 1845, p. 960, plant production
  3. ↑ a b Watterich, 1845, pp. 71-72, Animal raw product production
  4. ↑ Watterich, 1845, p. 76, Animal raw products refinement

Web links

Commons : Litoměřický kraj  - collection of images, videos and audio files