Perchy

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Perchy
Young river perch (Perca fluviatilis), underwater photo from the Großer Klobichsee approx. 60 km east of Berlin.

Young river perch ( Perca fluviatilis ), underwater photo from the Großer Klobichsee approx. 60 km east of Berlin.

Systematics
Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei
Acanthomorphata
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Perchy
Scientific name
Perciformes
Bleeker , 1859

The perch-like (Perciformes (= Serraniformes sensu Li et al.)), Also called perch fish , are an order of bony fish . The taxonomic name is made up of the Greek " perke " ( perch ) and the Latin " forma " (form). Perch-like live both in fresh water and in the sea. The best-known Central European perch-like include the river perch and the pikeperch .

The perch-like were for a long time a poly- and paraphyletic collective taxon, in which all families were housed, which do not have any of the derived characteristics that define the other barbed-fins or perch-related orders. Nelson gives over 10,000 species, over 1500 genera, 160 families and 20 suborders for perch-like in the traditional sense. With a third of the fish species, they were the largest fish order and also the most species-rich order of the vertebrates (Vertebrata).

At the beginning of 2013 Ricardo Betancur-R. and colleagues developed a new system of bony fish based on the comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA , in which the Perciformes form a monophyletic taxon around the core group of the perch (Percidae). From all other the Percoidei assigned Untertaxa only remain groupers (Serranidae) and the weever (Trachinidae), as well as the Antarctic fish (Notothenioidei) and Aalmutterverwandten (Zoarcales) left. Instead, almost all families of the former armored cheeks (Scorpaeniformes) (with the exception of the flying cocks (Dactylopteridae), which came to the pipefish-like (Syngnathiformes)) were assigned to the perch-like, as well as the stickleback-like (Gasterosteales), which represent the sister group of the eel mother relatives. A few months later, Thomas J. Near and colleagues in their work on the diversification and phylogeny of the Acanthomorphata came to the same conclusion with regard to the composition of the Perciformes.

features

The body shape of the perch-like can be very different. It can be moderately high back (river perch), spindle-shaped (pikeperch) or eel-like elongated ( eel mother relatives ). Typically, perch-like have two separate dorsal and anal fin, the front part of which is supported by spiny rays. An adipose fin is always missing. The pelvic fins are on the chest, but can also be absent. The caudal fin has a maximum of 17 fin rays. The body of most species is covered by ctenoid scales (comb scales), in some families there are cycloid scales (round scales). There are also scaly species. There are no bones or connective tissue ossifications between the muscle segments without contact with the spine.

Internal system

In the following, the classification of perch-like is based on an update of the classification published in July 2017 by Ricardo Betancur-R. and colleagues reproduced:

Phylogenetic system of perch-like according to Near et al. 2012 and 2015:
  Perciformes  


 Sawfish (Serranidae)


   

 Grouper (Epinephelidae)



   

 Anthias (Anthiadidae)


   
  Percoidei  

 Weever (Trachinidae)


   

 Niphonidae


   

 Real perch (Percidae)




   

 Acanthistius


   

 Antarctic fish (Notothenioidei)


   


 Flatheads (Platycephalidae)


   


 Pigfish (Congiopodidae)


   

 Zanclorhynchidae



   

 Deep sea flatheads (Bembridae)


   

 Bembropidae


   

 Rock perch (Sebastidae)






   

 Spiny flat heads (Hoplichthyidae)


   

 Gurnards (Triglidae)


  Cottoidei  


 Skilfish (Anoplopomatidae)


   

 Green compacts (Hexagrammidae)


   

 Bull relatives  (Cottales)




   

 Sticklebacks  (Gasterosteales)


   

 Eel mother relatives (Zoarcales)












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Traditional systematics

In the following, the traditional internal systematics of the perch-like is listed again, with all the subordinates, superfamilies and families that previously belonged to the order. Here the perch-like are a paraphyletic collective order that accommodates all families that do not have any of the derived traits that define the other barbed or perch-related orders.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Blaise Li, Agnès Dettaï, Corinne Cruaud, Arnaud Couloux, Martine Desoutter-Meniger, Guillaume Lecointre: RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 50, Issue 2, February 2009, Pages 345-363 doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2008.11.013
  2. ^ A b Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
  3. ↑ a b Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes . BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3
  4. ^ Thomas J. Near, A. Dornburg, RI Eytan, BP Keck, WL Smith, KL Kuhn, JA Moore, SA Price, FT Burbrink, M. Friedman & PC Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101: 12738-21743. doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1304661110 , PDF
  5. ↑ Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6
  6. ↑ DeepFin.org: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4
  7. ↑ a b Parenti, P. & Randall, JE: An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Serranidae of the world with description of two new related families of fishes. FishTaxa, 5 (1): 1-170.
  8. ↑ Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburg, Kristen L. Kuhn, Joseph T. Eastman, Jillian N. Pennington, Tomaso Patarnello, Lorenzo Zane, Daniel A. Fernández & Christopher D. Jones: Ancient climate change, antifreeze, and the evolutionary diversification of Antarctic fishes PNAS, February 28, 2012, vol. 109 no.9, doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1115169109
  9. ↑ Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburg, Richard C. Harrington, Claudio Oliveira, Theodore W. Pietsch, Christine E. Thacker, Takashi P. Satoh, Eri Katayama, Peter C. Wainwright: Identification of the notothenioid sister lineage illuminates the biogeographic history of an Antarctic adaptive radiation. June 2015, doi: 10.1186 / s12862-015-0362-9

Web links

Commons : Perch-like  - collection of images, videos, and audio files