Spinefish

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Spinefish
Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans)

Pacific lionfish ( Pterois volitans )

Systematics
Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei)
Overcohort : Clupeocephala
Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei
Acanthomorphata
Spinefish
Scientific name
Acanthopterygii
Johnson & Patterson , 1993

The barbed fishes (Acanthopterygii (= Euacanthomorphacea in Betancur-R. Et al. 2013)) are a taxon of the real bony fish (Teleostei), to which, according to Nelson (2006), over 250 families and more than 14,000 species belong. They are found worldwide in the sea and in almost all fresh waters.

features

The name-giving feature of the group are the spiked rays in the dorsal and anal fin , as well as in the pelvic fins , which, however, can also regress. Further features are strong comb scales and spiked gill covers . In their development, there is a tendency for the pectoral fins to be set higher and higher ( dorsal ), the pelvic fins to migrate forward towards the throat. Most barbedfish can protrude their upper jaw to a greater or lesser extent. The premaxillary is advanced far out of the bone structure of the upper jaw. The mechanisms are different, especially between Atherinomorphae and the other Percomorphaceae . In total, they developed four different mechanisms for protruding the upper jaw (see fish mouth ).

The first barbed fish appeared in the Upper Cretaceous .

Systematics

The following sub-taxa belong to Ricardo Betancur-R. and colleagues (2016) on the barbed fish:

The following cladogram shows the systematic position of the barbed fish:

  Neoteleostei  

 Deep- sea tadpoles (Ateleopodiformes)


  Eurypterygia  

 Lizardfish relatives (Aulopiformes)


  Ctenosquamata  

 Lanternfish (Myctophiformes)


  Acanthomorphata  


 Lampriformes  (Lampriformes)


   

 Paracanthopterygii  ( Perch-like ,  Petersfisch-like ,  Stylephorus chordatus ,  Cod-like )



   

 Bearded fish (Polymixiiformes)


  Spinefish  

 Berycimorphaceae: Mucous  head-like  (Beryciformes) and Trachichthyiformes


   

 Holocentrimorphaceae:  soldier and hussar fish  (Holocentriformes)


   

 Perch relatives  (Percomorphaceae)









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literature

  • Ricardo Betancur-R., Richard E. Broughton, Edward O. Wiley, Kent Carpenter, J. Andrés López, Chenhong Li, Nancy I. Holcroft, Dahiana Arcila, Millicent Sanciangco, James C Cureton II, Feifei Zhang, Thaddaeus Buser, Matthew A. Campbell, Jesus A Ballesteros, Adela Roa-Varon, Stuart Willis, W. Calvin Borden, Thaine Rowley, Paulette C. Reneau, Daniel J. Hough, Guoqing Lu, Terry Grande, Gloria Arratia, Guillermo Ortí: The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes. PLoS Currents Tree of Life. 2013 April 18th Edition 1. doi: 10.1371 / currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 , PDF
  • R. Betancur-R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, A. Acero, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, G. Ortí: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes - Version 4 (2016)
  • Robert L. Carroll : Paleontology and Evolution of the Vertebrates. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-13-774401-6 .
  • Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish , Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6 .
  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .

Web links

Commons : Barbedfish  - Collection of images, videos and audio files