Parsley
| Parsley | ||||||||||||
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Petersfisch ( Zeus faber ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Zeiformes | ||||||||||||
| Regan , 1909 |
The St. Peter's fish-like (Zeiformes) are bony fish that mostly live in deeper areas of the high seas. They include the John Dory or Herring King ( Zeus faber ) from the North Atlantic.
features
All St. Peter's fish-like have a tall, laterally strongly compressed body, a widely protruding mouth and large eyes. The body and part of the head are covered with comb scales. The upper jaw is formed only by the premaxillary , which is connected to the prefrontal part of the skull by a long, flexible process. The vomer (ploughshare) is toothed, but there are no teeth on the palatine (gum bone). The post-temporal (posterior temporal bone) is firmly connected to the posterior edge of the skull and is not forked. The number of Branchiostegal rays is six to eight.
The first dorsal fin has five to ten hard rays , the second 22 to 36 soft rays. The anal fin has one to four hard rays. The caudal fin has eleven, in the family Grammicolepididae 13, branched soft rays. The rays of the dorsal, anal and high-set pectoral fins are undivided. The pelvic fins sit far forward and have a spine and five to nine soft rays. There is a closed swim bladder . The number of vertebrae is usually from 30 to 44.
External system
Originally, the Petersfischischen were regarded as close relatives of the Perchiformes (Perciformes). More recent analyzes based on DNA sequencing show that they are close relatives of the cod-like (Gadiformes), which have probably lost their spine rays secondarily.
The following cladogram shows the systematic position of the St.
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Internal system
Nelson gives six families, 16 genera and 32 species for the Johns fish-like. The family of boarfish (Caproidae), which is often counted among the St. Peter's fish-like , is now placed in an independent order (Caproiformes).
- Petersfisch (Zeiformes)
The cladogram (right) shows the internal systematics of St. Peter's fish-like according to a publication from 2018. According to this cladogram, the Oreosomatidae and the Zeniontidae are not monophyletic groups.
Tribal history
The oldest fossilized Johns fish species is Cretazeus (family Cretazeidae) from the Cretaceous period 72 million years ago. The recent St. Peter's fish genera Zenopsis and Zeus are already known from the Oligocene of Europe and North Africa.
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology. Volume II, Part 2: Fish. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6 .
- Arno Hermann Müller: Textbook of paleozoology. Volume III: Vertebrates. Part 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1985, p. 371.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wei-Jen Chen, Celine Bonillo, Guillaume Lecointre: Repeatability of clades as a criterion of reliability: a case study for molecular phylogeny of Acanthomorpha (Teleostei) with larger number of taxa . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 26 , no. 2 , 2003, ISSN 1055-7903 , p. 262-288 , PMID 12565036 ( mnhn.fr [PDF]).
- ^ R. Betancur, E. Wiley, N. Bailly, A. Acero, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, G. Ortí: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes - Version 4 (2016)
- ↑ Terry C. Grande, W. Calvin Borden, Mark VH Wilson and Lindsay Scarpitta: Phylogenetic Relationships among Fishes in the Order Zeiformes Based on Molecular and Morphological Data . In: Copeia . tape 106 , no. 1 , March 2018, p. 20-48 , doi : 10.1643 / CG-17-594 .
- ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas of Fishes. Mergus-Verlag, Melle 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X .
Web links
- Petersfish on Fishbase.org (English)