Stylephorus chordatus

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Stylephorus chordatus
Stylephorus chordatus.jpg

Stylephorus chordatus

Systematics
Acanthomorphata
Paracanthopterygii
Order : Stylephoriformes
Family : Stylephoridae
Genre : Stylephorus
Type : Stylephorus chordatus
Scientific name of the  order
Stylephoriformes
Miya et al., 2007
Scientific name of the  family
Stylephoridae
Regan , 1924
Scientific name of the  genus
Stylephorus
Shaw , 1791
Scientific name of the  species
Stylephorus chordatus
Shaw, 1791

Stylephorus chordatus ( Gr .: “Stylos” = needle, “pherein” = to wear) is a deep-sea fish that occurs in the Atlantic in tropical and subtropical regions (according to other information in all oceans). Catches were u. a. reported from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico , the southeast coast of Florida , the Lesser Antilles and the Canary Islands , most between the equator and 20 ° north latitude.

features

Stylephorus chordatus with its mouth open upwards. Drawing from “Systema ichthyologiae iconibus CX illustratum” by Marcus Élieser Bloch .

The 28 to 31 cm long, elongated and ribbon-shaped fish is silvery with a purple sheen, the head is dark purple. It has silvery telescopic eyes (adult animals) and a tubular, small mouth that can be snapped forward by protraction (pushing forward) of the hyomandibular ( mandibular stalk), which is directed backwards to the gill region . The rest of the jockstrap has largely receded; The fish here resembles the epibulus insidiator - as with this, the lower jaw is very long, but the premaxillary very short, and here only the long lower jaw is seated in front (see Fig. in Gregory 1933). With the pipe mouth he can only see small plankton crabs, especially copepods (Copepoda) and the like. Ä., suck in - but this very strongly. The teeth are small and there is no swim bladder .

The long dorsal fin extends from the back of the head to the tail fin stalk. The base of the pectoral fin is horizontal. Ventral fins are absent or reduced to a single fin ray . The two lower rays of the caudal fin form a more than body-long "string" (species name!), Which is used to prevent being eaten using the sense of touch when the fish is stalking its prey. The five caudal fin rays above are much shorter and point diagonally upwards. The number of vertebrae is 50 to 53.

Way of life

Stylephorus chordatus lives mesopelagic between 300 and 600 meters depth at night and between 625 and 800 meters during the day. With every change of day and night he undertakes vertical hikes of 200 to 300 meters. The fish moves vertically or diagonally, with the head up, and can use the last photons of sunlight or bioluminescent light of the deep sea with its forward-pointing tube or "telescope eyes" . Nothing is known about its reproduction.

Systematics

Phylogenetic position of Stylephorus chordatus
  Paracanthopterygii  

 Percopsiformes  (Percopsiformes)


  Zeiogadaria  

 Petersfisch  (Zeiformes)


  Gadariae  

 Stylephoriformes


   

 Cod-like  (Gadiformes)





Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

Tube-eye was in 1791 by the British naturalist George Shaw in the journal "Transactions of the Linnean Society of London " described . To this day it is the only species in the genus Stylephorus . The holotype , for a long time the only known specimen of the species, was caught in the Caribbean between Cuba and Martinique . The British ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan established the monotypical family Stylephoridae for Stylephorus in 1924 after he had examined nine other specimens and assigned them to the order of the lampriformes . According to a genetic investigation from 2007, Stylephorus is said to be more closely related to the cod-like (Gadiformes) than to the Lampriformes. Stylephoriformes was proposed as a new order. In an extensive revision of the bonefish systematics from the beginning of 2013, Stylephorus chordatus in the order Stylephoriformes is compared as a sister group to the Gadiformes. The taxon formed by both receives the name Gadariae and is a sister group of the St. Peter's fish-like (Zeiformes).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ William K. Gregory (1933): Fish skulls (pp. 299-300), Transactions of the American Philosophical Society - v.23, pt. 2. online at Openlibrary.org
  2. ^ Theodore W. Pietsch: The Feeding Mechanism of Stylephorus chordatus (Teleostei: Lampridiformes): Functional and Ecological Implications. Copeia , Vol 1978, No. 2 (May 5, 1978), pp. 255-262, [1] , ISSN  0045-8511
  3. a b Ricardo Betancur-R., Richard E. Broughton, Edward O. Wiley, Kent Carpenter, J. Andrés López, Chenhong Li, Nancy I. Holcroft, Dahiana Arcila, Millicent Sanciangco, James C Cureton II, Feifei Zhang, Thaddaeus Buser, Matthew A. Campbell, Jesus A Ballesteros, Adela Roa-Varon, Stuart Willis, W. Calvin Borden, Thaine Rowley, Paulette C. Reneau, Daniel J. Hough, Guoqing Lu, Terry Grande, Gloria Arratia, Guillermo Ortí: The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life. 2013 Apr 18 [last modified: 2013 Apr 23]. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371 / currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 , PDF ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. R. Betancur-R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, A. Acero, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, G. Ortí: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes - Version 4 (2016) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / currents.plos.org
  4. George Shaw MDI, RS: VII. Description of the Stylephorus chordatus, a new fish. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Volume 1, Issue 1, pages 90-92, August 1791
  5. Masaki Miya, Nancy I. Holcroft, Takashi P. Satoh, Motoomi Yamaguchi, Mutsumi Nishida & Edward O. Wiley: Mitochondrial genome and a nuclear gene indicate a novel phylogenetic position of deep-sea tube-eye fish (Stylephoridae). Ichthyological Research, Verlag Springer Japan, Volume 54, Number 4 / November 2007, ISSN  1341-8998 doi : 10.1007 / s10228-007-0408-0

Web links

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