Mucous heads

Mucous heads
The Northern Schleimkopf or Kaiserbarsch ( Beryx decadactylus ), the only representative of the order found in the North Sea
Systematics
Overcohort : Clupeocephala Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei Acanthomorphata Spinefish (Acanthopterygii) Order : Mucous heads
Scientific name
Beryciformes
Regan , 1911

The mucous head-like (Beryciformes) are an order of the bony fish (Osteichthyes). They are known from the Cretaceous Period . The fish live exclusively in the sea, sometimes in the deep sea .

features

Most species have a narrow, high-backed body. There are mucus ducts on the head that can perceive flow stimuli similar to the sideline . (There are two additional neuromasts in front of the eyes , which are characteristic of the order.) An eye gill gland (pseudobranchia) is present. The deep-sea species have no scales or they have ridge scales , and types of shallow water have spiked scales. Their jaws, which are filled with numerous small teeth, can only be slightly extended. The number of Branchiostegal rays is four to nine. The fish have only one dorsal fin, the pelvic fins are far forward, the first rays of the dorsal and anal fin are mostly spine rays. The caudal fin is forked, the caudal fin skeleton has caudal spines above and below the normal branched fin rays. The swim bladder is designed with or without a pneumatic duct .

Systematics

The following families traditionally belong to the Beryciformes:

• Lantern Bearer (Anomalopidae)
• Fangfish (Anoplogastridae)
• Mucous heads (Berycidae)
• Silver heads (Diretmidae)
• Pine cone fish (Monocentridae)
• Saw bellies (Trachichthyidae)

For the soldier and hussar fish (Holocentridae), previously belonging to the Beryciformes, Ricardo Betancur-R. and colleagues in their revision of the bony fish (2013) created their own order, the Holocentriformes. On the other hand, they placed all the families of the thornfish (Stephanoberyciformes) and the whale head (Cetomimiformes) in the Beryciformes order, which became monophyletic .

So the following seven families were added:

• Large scale fish (Melamphaidae)
• Thornfish (Stephanoberycidae)
• Hispidoberycidae
• Gibberichthyidae
• Red-mouthed whale fish (Rondeletiidae)
• Barbourisiidae
• Whale heads (Cetomimidae)

Jon A. Moore had already followed a similar approach in 1993; However, he did not place the family Berycidae in the relatives group treated here, which is why he gave his postulated taxon (otherwise including the expanded mucous head-like, as shown here) the new name Trachichthyiformes . At Betancur-R. et al. the order operates under its traditional name again, the exclusion of the Berycidae has not been confirmed here.

Betancur-R followed in a revision from 2016. et al. the latest edition of Nelson's standard work Fishes of the World , by recognizing the split of the order Trachichthyiformes from the Schleimkopf-like as a sister group . Thus, the following eight families remain with the Schleimkopfiformes, of which only the Berycidae belong to the traditional extent of the order:

Barbourisia rufa

Scopeloberyx robustus

• Mucous heads (Berycidae)
• Large scale fish (Melamphaidae)
• Barbourisiidae
• Whale heads (Cetomimidae)
• Red-mouthed whale fish (Rondeletiidae)
• Thornfish (Stephanoberycidae)
• Gibberichthyidae
• Hispidoberycidae

The following cladogram gives the external systematics of the mucous head-like according to Betancur-R. ua (2016) again:

Neoteleostei

Deep- sea tadpoles (Ateleopodiformes)   Eurypterygia    Lizardfish relatives (Aulopiformes)   Ctenosquamata    Lanternfish (Myctophiformes)   Acanthomorphata    Lampriformes  (Lampriformes)      Paracanthopterygii  ( Perch-like ,  Petersfisch-like ,  Stylephorus chordatus ,  Cod-like )      Bearded fish (Polymixiiformes)   Spinefish    Mucous heads (Beryciformes)      Trachichthyiformes      Soldier fish and hussar fish  (Holocentrimorphaceae)      Perch relatives  (Percomorphaceae)

literature

• R. Betancur-R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, A. Acero, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, G. Ortí: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes - Version 4. 2016.
• Joseph S. Nelson , Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey 2016, ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6 .
• Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology. Volume II, Part 2: Fish. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes . BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3
2. ^ Jon A. Moore: Phylogeny of the Trachichthyiformes (Teleostei: Percomorpha). In: Bulletin of Marine Science. Volume 52, Number 1, January 1993, pp. 114-136. Abstract

Web links

Commons : Slime Head  - collection of images, videos, and audio files

• Schleimkopfiform on Fishbase.org (English)