Hair tails

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Hair tails
Saw sword fish (Assurger angac)

Saw sword fish ( Assurger angac )

Systematics
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei
Acanthomorphata
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Scombriformes
Family : Hair tails
Scientific name
Trichiuridae
Bonaparte , 1832

Hairtails (Trichiuridae) are a family of predatory fish that live in the warmer areas of the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian Oceans in the deeper zones. There are 47 species in ten genera and three subfamilies.

Fresh scabbard fish

features

Hair tails are 18 centimeters to 2.30 meters long, depending on the species. They have a long, ribbon-shaped body that is strongly flattened on the sides. The fangs in the mouth reach to the eyes, the lower jaw of the pointed mouth protrudes. The dorsal fin extends almost over the entire body, the caudal fin is small and forked, or it is missing, the ventral fin is reduced to a spine, the anal fin is usually missing. The animals have no scales. There is only one outer nostril in front of each eye. The number of vortices is between 98 and 192.

Systematics

Subfamily Aphanopodinae

In the subfamily Aphanopodinae, the caudal fin is small and forked. The small ventral fin has a scale-like spine and a rudimentary soft fin ray. Sometimes adult animals lose their pelvic fins. The long dorsal fin is divided by an incision in the hard-rayed part, supported by 38 to 46 fin rays, and the soft-rayed part.

Subfamily Lepidopodinae

Scabbard fish in a market in Portugal

In the subfamily Lepidopodinae (= Lepidopinae) the caudal fin is small and forked or not present. The pelvic fins are rudimentary. The long dorsal fin is undivided and has three to ten fin spines. The sideline gradually descends behind the pectoral fins.

Subfamily Trichiurinae

The subfamily Trichiurinae lacks caudal fin and hypuralia , pelvic fins and pelvic girdle. The long dorsal fin is undivided and has three or four fin spines. The sideline suddenly drops behind the pectoral fins and then runs close to the side of the abdomen.

Fossil record

Various fossil hair tails are known, including Eutrichiurus delheidi from the Oligocene of Wiesloch (Baden) and a Lepidopus species from the Pliocene of Licata (Sicily).

swell

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ et al. 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • Izumi Nakamura, Nikolaj V. Parin: Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalog of the Snake Mackerels, Snoeks, Escolars, Gemfishes, Sackfishes, Domine, Oilfish, Cutlassfishes, Scabbardfishes, Hairtails, and Frostfishes known to date (= FAO Species Catalog. Vol. 15 = FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125 , Vol. 15). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 1993, ISBN 92-5-103124-X , pp. 61-107.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas of Fishes. Mergus - Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde Baensch, Melle 1991, ISBN 3-88244-018-X .

Web links

Commons : Trichiuridae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files