Hair tails
Hair tails | ||||||||||||
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Saw sword fish ( Assurger angac ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Trichiuridae | ||||||||||||
Bonaparte , 1832 |
Hairtails (Trichiuridae) are a family of predatory fish that live in the warmer areas of the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian Oceans in the deeper zones. There are 47 species in ten genera and three subfamilies.
features
Hair tails are 18 centimeters to 2.30 meters long, depending on the species. They have a long, ribbon-shaped body that is strongly flattened on the sides. The fangs in the mouth reach to the eyes, the lower jaw of the pointed mouth protrudes. The dorsal fin extends almost over the entire body, the caudal fin is small and forked, or it is missing, the ventral fin is reduced to a spine, the anal fin is usually missing. The animals have no scales. There is only one outer nostril in front of each eye. The number of vortices is between 98 and 192.
Systematics
Subfamily Aphanopodinae
In the subfamily Aphanopodinae, the caudal fin is small and forked. The small ventral fin has a scale-like spine and a rudimentary soft fin ray. Sometimes adult animals lose their pelvic fins. The long dorsal fin is divided by an incision in the hard-rayed part, supported by 38 to 46 fin rays, and the soft-rayed part.
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Aphanopus Lowe , 1839
- Aphanopus arigato Parin, 1994
- Aphanopus beckeri Parin, 1994
- Aphanopus capricornis Parin, 1994
- Black scabbardfish ( Aphanopus carbo Lowe, 1839 )
- Aphanopus intermedius Parin, 1983
- Aphanopus microphthalmus Norman, 1939
- Aphanopus mikhailini Parin, 1983
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Benthodesmus Goode & Bean , 1882
- Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke, 1879)
- Benthodesmus macrophthalmus Parin & Becker, 1970
- Benthodesmus neglectus Parin, 1976
- Benthodesmus oligoradiatus Parin & Becker, 1970
- Benthodesmus pacificus Parin & Becker, 1970
- Benthodesmus papua Parin, 1978
- Benthodesmus simonyi ( Steindachner , 1891)
- Benthodesmus suluensis Parin, 1976
- Benthodesmus tenuis ( Günther , 1877)
- Benthodesmus tuckeri Parin & Becker, 1970
- Benthodesmus vityazi Parin & Becker, 1970
Subfamily Lepidopodinae
In the subfamily Lepidopodinae (= Lepidopinae) the caudal fin is small and forked or not present. The pelvic fins are rudimentary. The long dorsal fin is undivided and has three to ten fin spines. The sideline gradually descends behind the pectoral fins.
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Assurger Whitley , 1933
- Saw-sword fish ( Assurger angac (Alexander, 1917) )
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Eupleurogrammus Gill , 1862
- Eupleurogrammus glossodon ( Bleeker , 1860)
- Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray, 1831)
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Evoxymetopon Gill, 1863
- Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus Chakraborty, Yoshino & Iwatsuki, 2006
- Evoxymetopon moricheni Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2014
- Evoxymetopon poeyi Günther , 1887
- Evoxymetopon taeniatus Gill, 1863
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Lepidopus Gouan , 1770
- Lepidopus altifrons Parin & Collette, 1993
- Lepidopus calcar Parin & Mikhailin, 1982
- Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrases, 1788)
- Lepidopus dubius Parin & Mikhailin, 1981
- Lepidopus fitchi Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987
- Lepidopus manis Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987
Subfamily Trichiurinae
The subfamily Trichiurinae lacks caudal fin and hypuralia , pelvic fins and pelvic girdle. The long dorsal fin is undivided and has three or four fin spines. The sideline suddenly drops behind the pectoral fins and then runs close to the side of the abdomen.
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Demissolinea Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003
- Demissolinea novaeguineensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003
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Lepturacanthus Fowler , 1905
- Lepturacanthus pantului (Gupta, 1966)
- Lepturacanthus roelandti (Bleeker, 1860)
- Lepturacanthus savala ( Cuvier , 1829)
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Tentoriceps Whitley , 1948
- Comb hair tail ( Tentoriceps cristatus (Klunzinger, 1884) )
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Trichiurus Linnaeus , 1758
- Trichiurus auriga Klunzinger, 1884
- Trichiurus australis Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2005
- Trichiurus brevis Wang & You, 1992
- Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta, 1966
- Trichiurus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844
- Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758
- Trichiurus margarites Li, 1992
- Trichiurus nanhaiensis Wang & Xu, 1992
- Trichiurus nickolensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki, 2003
- Trichiurus nitens Garman, 1899
- Trichiurus russelli Dutt & Thankam, 1967
Fossil record
Various fossil hair tails are known, including Eutrichiurus delheidi from the Oligocene of Wiesloch (Baden) and a Lepidopus species from the Pliocene of Licata (Sicily).
swell
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ et al. 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Izumi Nakamura, Nikolaj V. Parin: Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalog of the Snake Mackerels, Snoeks, Escolars, Gemfishes, Sackfishes, Domine, Oilfish, Cutlassfishes, Scabbardfishes, Hairtails, and Frostfishes known to date (= FAO Species Catalog. Vol. 15 = FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125 , Vol. 15). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 1993, ISBN 92-5-103124-X , pp. 61-107.
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas of Fishes. Mergus - Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde Baensch, Melle 1991, ISBN 3-88244-018-X .
Web links
- Hair tails on Fishbase.org (English)